Lord Proprietor
Lord Proprietor (also Lord Proprietary ) was the gubernative title for the proprietors from the nobility who were entrusted with the government and administration of certain British colonies, mostly in North America . After the Stuart Restoration in 1660, for example, today's New Jersey or Carolina were given to supporters of Charles II . Maryland had been under the government of the Calvert family since 1632 .
Lords Proprietary of Carolina
Originally there were eight Lords Proprietors for the Province of Carolina . This was divided into the provinces of North and South Carolina in 1729 :
- George Monck, 1st Duke of Albemarle (1608–1670)
- Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of Clarendon (1609–1674)
- John Berkeley, 1st Baron Berkeley of Stratton (1602–1678)
- William Craven, 1st Earl of Craven (1608–1697)
- Sir George Carteret, 1st Baronet (about 1610-1680)
- Sir William Berkeley (1605–1677)
- Sir John Colleton (1608–1666)
- Anthony Ashley Cooper, 1st Earl of Shaftesbury (1621-1683).
Seven of the heirs, the exception being the heir of the House of Carteret, sold their shares in the provinces to the crown in 1729, thereby ending the rule of the province by the proprietors.
Jersey / New Jersey
There were two proprietary lordships in what is now New Jersey :
Lords Proprietary of East Jersey
- August 1665 - January 14, 1680: Sir George Carteret (about 1610–1680)
- January 1680 - 1682: 8 more proprietors
- 1682 - 1688: 24 Proprietors (1st episode)
- 1692 - April 1703: 24 Proprietors (2nd episode)
Lords Proprietary of West Jersey
- August 1665 - March 18, 1674: John Berkeley, 1st Baron Berkeley of Stratton (1602–1678)
- March 18, 1674 - February 1675: Edward Byllynge (died 1687, 1st Proprietariat) together with John Fenwick (1618–1683)
- February 1675 - September 1683: Trusteeship
- September 1683–1687: Edward Byllynge (2nd Proprietariat)
- February 1687–1688: Daniel Coxe (around 1640–1730)
- 1692 - April 1703: 12 more proprietors
In 1702/3 East and West Jersey were united to form the royal colony of New Jersey .
Lords Proprietary and Earls Palatine of Maryland
The heads of the Calvert family were Lords Proprietary or Count Palatine ( Earls Palatine ) of the Province of Maryland . George Calvert, 1st Baron Baltimore , who had applied for the charter for the establishment of the colony, died shortly before it was granted in 1632. In American historiography, Lord Baltimore usually means his son Cecil Calvert . Baltimore , now the largest city in Maryland, is named after the first two title holders .
- Lords Proprietary of Maryland
- Cæcilius Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore (1633–1675), under Republican control from 1650 to 1658
- Charles Calvert, 3rd Baron Baltimore (1675–1689), removed from office in 1689 after the Glorious Revolution , † 1715
- Benedict Leonard Calvert, 4th Baron Baltimore (1679-1715), died just 2 months after the 3rd Baron Baltimore
- Charles Calvert, 5th Baron Baltimore (1715 to 1751), was awarded Maryland by King George I back
- Frederick Calvert, 6th Baron Baltimore (1751–1771), was never in Maryland
- Henry Harford , illegitimate son of Frederick Calvert (1771–1776), † 1835
With the Maryland Constitution of 1776 , Maryland broke away from Great Britain . Thomas Johnson became Maryland's first elected governor in 1777 .
Barbados
The Caribbean island of Barbados was also temporarily owned by a Lords Proprietary:
- 1625-1627 Sir William Courteen
- 1627-1652 Lord Carlisle