Province of New Jersey

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Borders of the provinces of New York and New Jersey between 1664 and 1776

The Province of New Jersey ( 1702 - 1776 ) ( English : Province of New Jersey ) was one of the thirteen colonies in North America that seceded from the Kingdom of Great Britain in the Declaration of Independence of the United States in 1776 . It was created in 1664 after the Kingdom of England took the Dutch colony of Nieuw Nederland .

history

In 1664, shortly before the beginning of the second Anglo-Dutch naval war , the capital of the colony Nieuw Nederland (which had incorporated the Swedish trading base New Sweden in 1655 ) was conquered by the British. In the Peace of Breda in 1667 the Netherlands ceded the colony to England. In the Third Anglo-Dutch War , the colony was occupied again for 15 months by the Dutch under Cornelis Evertsen , but finally fell to the British crown in the Peace of Westminster in 1674.

In what is now New Jersey, two proprietary lordships (owned by the Lord Proprietors ) were formed:

Lords Proprietary of East Jersey

  1. August 1665 - January 14, 1680: Sir George Carteret (1610–1680)
  2. January 1680 - 1682: 8 more proprietors
  3. 1682 - 1688: 24 Proprietors (1st episode)
  4. 1692 - April 1703: 24 Proprietors (2nd episode)

Lords Proprietary of West Jersey

  1. August 1665 - March 18, 1674: John Berkeley, 1st Baron Berkeley of Stratton (1602–1678)
  2. March 18, 1674 - February 1675: Edward Byllynge (died 1687, 1st Proprietariat) together with John Fenwick (1618–1683)
  3. February 1675 - September 1683: Trusteeship
  4. September 1683–1687: Edward Byllynge (2nd Proprietariat)
  5. February 1687–1688: Daniel Coxe (1640–1730)
  6. 1692 - April 1703: 12 more proprietors

Crown Colony

In 1702, East and West Jersey were united into a crown colony and Edward Hyde, 3rd Earl of Clarendon, was appointed first governor of the province of New Jersey and the province of New York . The governors held this dual function until 1738. When tension arose with the indigenous peoples due to the Thomas Penn Walking Purchase , Lewis Morris was appointed governor of New Jersey only. The last British governor of New Jersey was William Franklin, son of Benjamin Franklin , from 1763 to 1776 .

War of Independence

During the American Revolutionary War , New Jersey was the scene of around 100 battles, including Trenton in 1776, Princeton in 1777 and Monmouth in 1778. As early as 1776, New Jersey's first constitution was passed, which guaranteed all residents above a certain level of ownership the right to vote . This meant that white and black men and widows could vote, but not married women, as they were not allowed to own property. New Jersey was the seat of the first US government to emerge from the Continental Congress for a short time , in Princeton in 1783 and in Trenton in 1784. As one of the 13 original states, New Jersey joined the Union in 1787 as the 3rd state.

literature

  • Jaap Jacobs: New Netherland. A Dutch Colony in Seventeenth-Century America . Leiden 2005, ISBN 90-04-12906-5

See also

Web links