Cæcilius Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore
Cæcilius Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore , also Cecil Calvert or Lord Baltimore (* 1605 in London ; † November 30, 1675 ibid) was an English politician and Lord Proprietor of the colony of Maryland .
Life
Cæcilius Calvert inherited as the eldest son of George Calvert, 1st Baron Baltimore and his first wife Anne Mynne († 1622) the title of Baron Baltimore and also the charter for a new colony to be founded in North America . Calvert himself never left England and in 1628 married Anne Arundel († 1649), with whom he had nine children. While he fought for his rights in London during his life, the administration of the colony was first with his younger brother Leonard Calvert (* 1606, † June 9, 1647). This had reached North America in March 1634 with over 200 Protestant settlers on the ships "Ark" and "Dove". There he founded St. Marys City as the first settlement as the capital of the Maryland colony . Too hesitant action by the Calverts and the Revolution under Oliver Cromwell led to a revolt in Maryland in 1644. Leonard was only able to return in 1646, where he died shortly afterwards. As governor, Cæcilius Calvert now set up William Stone, who, on behalf of the Catholic Cæcilius Calvert, issued an edict of religious tolerance on April 21, 1649. This Maryland Tolerance Act was one of the first laws that explicitly tolerated other (Christian) denominations and is therefore considered to be the forerunner of the 1st Amendment . In response to the edict, there was renewed rebellion in the province, and Puritans seized power. It was not until 1657 that Calvert was reinstated and the Edict of Tolerance of 1649 was renewed. In 1661 he sent his only son, Charles, to Maryland as governor. Cæcilius Calvert died in London in 1675.
The city of Baltimore , laid out in Maryland in 1729 , was named in his honor. His descendants maintained the colony's government until the American War of Independence . The flag of Maryland bears the colors of its family crest, as does the flags of the city of Baltimore, Baltimore County , Anne Arundel County, and Calvert County (all located in Maryland).
literature
- Browne, William Hand (1890). George Calvert and Cecilius Calvert: Barons Baltimore of Baltimore . New York: Dodd, Mead, and Company.
- Krugler, John D. (2004). English and Catholic: the Lords Baltimore in the Seventeenth Century. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 0801879639 .
See also
| predecessor | Office | successor |
|---|---|---|
| George Calvert |
Baron Baltimore 1632-1675 |
Charles Calvert |
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Calvert, Cæcilius, 2nd Baron Baltimore |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Calvert, Cecil; Lord Baltimore |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | English statesman and Lord Proprietor of Maryland |
| DATE OF BIRTH | 1605 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | London |
| DATE OF DEATH | November 30, 1675 |
| Place of death | London |