Anne-Antoinette Diderot

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Anne-Antoinette Diderot (born February 22, 1710 in La Ferté-Bernard Département Sarthe as Anne-Antoinette Champion ; † April 10, 1796 in Paris ) was the only wife of the French encyclopedist and philosopher Denis Diderot and mother since November 6, 1743 his only living daughter, Marie-Angélique Diderot (born September 2, 1753, † December 5, 1824).

Live and act

origin

Anne-Antoinette's mother, née Marie de Malleville (* 1676), was the daughter of a military man from Le Mans and in 1709 married the manufacturer Ambroise Champion (approx. 1665–1713), also from the Sarthe department . The couple is said to have had a total of six children, known by name are Catherine (* 1707), Marie, Marie Anne Champion (1705-1712). Ambroise Champion was a Manufacturier d'Étamine ( Etamine ) and took over economically. He died in 1713, financially ruined, in a hospital in La Ferté-Bernard .

After his death, his mother, Marie Champion, moved to Paris with her youngest daughter, Anne-Antoinette . Her daughter attended a convent school there until 1729. Anne-Antoinette Champion, known as Nanette, lived in 1741 with her mother, Marie Champion (* 1676) in the Rue Boutebrie in Paris, where the two women from white sewing, lace making and selling theirs Products lived.

The way to marriage

During the Ancien Régime, the church of Saint-Pierre-aux-Bœufs de Paris was one of the few places where couples could get married secretly, without their parents' consent. Here parts of the original portal. The church was destroyed in 1837.

Diderot lived in a small room in the same house of the champions in 1741. When, in 1743, he wanted to marry Anne-Antoinette Champion , a Catholic linen manufacturer and seller who had been known to him for two years, had no possessions and dowels, and as usual asked his father for permission, he had him locked up in a Carmelite monastery near Troyes by virtue of his fatherly authority .

A decree of Louis XIV from 1697 stipulated that the sons up to their thirtieth and the daughters up to the age of twenty-fifth were to be disinherited if they were to marry without parental or paternal permission. Diderot himself was able to escape from his monastic prison after a few weeks. At the end of February 1743, in a letter to his future wife, he described the imprisonment, his monastic life, the wickedness of the monks and his escape in one night from Sunday to Monday. He jumped out of a window and came to a stagecoach connection to Troyes.

To this end, he had walked quite a few lieue de poste in rainy and cold weather. He also hid some money as a precaution in the tail of a shirt. And he goes on in the letter that his future life would depend on her decision for or against him. Finally he reached Paris. Anne-Antoinette, on the other hand, made it clear that she did not want to marry into any family in which she was not welcome and gave him to understand that he should no longer visit her. Later, his future wife and her mother gave in and so he secretly married Anne-Antoinette Champion at night on Wednesday, November 6, 1743, in the church of Église Saint-Pierre-aux-Bœufs de Paris .

Marriage to Denis Diderot

After their marriage in 1743, the couple first moved into their first joint apartment on Rue Saint-Victor , near Place Maubert in what is now the 5th arrondissement . Here she gave birth to her first child, her daughter was baptized one day after her birth on Friday, August 14, 1744 in Saint-Nicolas-du-Chardonnet . The godparents were Auguste Blanchard, Officier de l'église and Marie-Catherine Léger, the widow of François Lefebvre. In 1746 the family lived in rue Traversière , and in the same year they moved to n ° 6 rue Mouffetard .

Anne-Antoinette Diderot gave birth to four children, including their daughter Angélique (* August 13, 1744 - September 29, 1744), as well as two sons François Jacques (* May 22, 1746 - June 30, 1750) and Denis-Laurant (* October 29, 1750 - December 1750). Only the daughter Marie Angélique Diderot, born in 1753 and later de Vandeul, survived.

There is evidence that Anne-Antoinette Diderot met her father-in-law Didier Diderot and his family in Langres in 1752. She was warmly welcomed and introduced to many relatives and acquaintances. When, on September 2, 1753 their daughter Marie-Angélique was born, Anne-Antoinette Diderot had a vow taken that their dress white for baptism and the child Virgin and the St. Francis to consecrate was. Denis Diderot agreed to this vow made by his wife.

In his Les Confessions (1782/1789) Jean-Jacques Rousseau described the marriage between Denis and Nanette in contrast to his with Thérèse Levasseur , and characterized Anne-Antoinette as "quarrelsome":

“Like me a Therese, he had a Nanette; this gave our mutual situation a more resemblance. The difference, however, was that my Therese, just as beautiful as Nanette, had a gentle disposition and an amiable character who had to tie an educated man to himself, while his girlfriend, quarrelsome like a fishwife, had nothing to show the eyes of others. which could have provided a substitute for their poor upbringing. Nevertheless he married her. That was pretty good when he had promised. For my part, to whom I had made no similar promise, I did not hurry to imitate him. "

- Jean-Jacques Rousseau : Rousseau's Confessions. Based on the translation by Levin Schücking. Second part. Revised and edited by Konrad Wolter and Hans Bretschneider. Bibliographisches Institut, Meyer's Classic Editions, Leipzig, Vienna 1916, p. 103

During his marriage, Diderot had an intimate relationship with Madeleine de Puisieux from 1745, among others , but his marriage to Anne-Antoinette was characterized by a reliable consistency and basic solidarity over the years. So visited him z. B. his wife during his imprisonment from July 24th to November 3rd, 1749 in Vincennes , Château de Vincennes , or Denis Diderot looked after her health with the greatest devotion when she was probably suffering from dysentery in 1762 . He defended her religious attitude towards life from critics. Their coexistence had also relaxed in the later years of their marriage.

M me Diderot also appeared in a police report of April 2, 1750, apparently the Diderot household also employed domestic staff . Again, there are signs of an unbridled temperament or at least difficult impulse control . In this report it was stated that she hit a servant, hit her with her feet and bumped her head against a wall.

Between 1754 and 1784 the Diderot family lived on Rue Taranne , now part of Boulevard Saint-Germain, across from Rue Saint-Benoît in the 5th arrondissement of Paris. Their last common domicile - Denis Diderot spent the remaining days of his life here - was at N ° 39 Rue de Richelieu in the 2nd arrondissement in Paris.

The Rue Taranne on a photograph from 1866 Diderot's house on the corner, on the right; opposite the confluence with rue Saint-Benoît . The house in which the Diderot family lived was demolished.
N ° 39 Rue de Richelieu in the 2nd arrondissement of Paris

In April 1784 her granddaughter Marie-Anne Caroillon de Vandeul, called Minette (* 1773), died.

Anne-Antoinette lived in her last years, surrounded by her children and her grandson Denis-Simon Caroillon de Vandeul, called Fanfan (* 1774), until her death on April 10, 1796 in Paris, N ° 742 Rue Caumartin , 9. Arrondissement .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Other documents follow October 10, 1796
  2. ↑ Repères pour le tricentenaire de la naissance de Diderot. Histoire de la Bibliophilie. Mercredi 20 février 2013, online
  3. ^ Biography in French, Hautemarne Archive. La vie de Denis Diderot (PDF; 3.4 MB)
  4. ^ Genealogy of the de Malleville family
  5. ↑ The siblings of Anne-Antoinette Champion
  6. ↑ A textile created using a special weaving technique that has a sieve-like structure. Use e.g. B. for cheese production .
  7. ↑ St. Winkle: Paris on the eve of the French Revolution. Urban hygiene and social medicine from Mercier's "Tableau de Paris". 2003 Collasius, online ( Memento of the original from October 16, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.collasius.org
  8. ↑ Pierre Lepape: Denis Diderot. A biography. Campus-Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 1994, ISBN 3-593-35150-1 , pp. 28-29.
  9. ↑ A white seamstress is a seamstress who deals exclusively with the application of embroidery and decorations on white textiles such as B. Sheets, tablecloths, handkerchiefs, shirts employed.
  10. ^ The demographic development in France in the 18th century (PDF; 5 kB)
  11. ^ André Garnier: La séquestration arbitraire de Denis Diderot en janvier 1743. Recherches sur Diderot et sur l'Encyclopédie Année 1987 Volume 2 Numéro 2 pp. 46-52
  12. ^ Jacques Attali: Diderot ou le bonheur de penser. Fayard, Paris ISBN 978-2-213-66845-1 , pp. 55-56
  13. ↑ The burden and pleasure of traveling. Or about the inconvenience of getting around by land 1750–1815 Part 1: The travelers and their equipages (2010) (PDF; 3.4 MB)
  14. ↑ Pierre Lepape: Denis Diderot. A biography. Campus-Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 1994, ISBN 3-593-35150-1 , pp. 35-39
  15. ↑ Page: Diderot - Œuvres complètes, éd. Assézat, I.djvu / 65. Notes 1.
  16. ↑ [1] Contemporary picture of n ° 6 Rue Mouffetard
  17. ↑ Raymond Trousson: Denis Diderot ou le vrai Prométhée. Tallandier, Paris 2005 ISBN 2-84734-151-X , p. 29
  18. ↑ Claudia Schweitzer: Diderot, (Marie-) Angélique, married. Vandeul. ( Memento of the original from February 15, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 2011. Sophie Drinker Institute . Biography, online @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.sophie-drinker-institut.de
  19. ^ Genealogy of the Diderot family
  20. ↑ Madame Diderot, une femme trompée. The extraits provienent de la correspondance between Diderot and Sophie Volland. ( Memento from September 29, 2012 in the Internet Archive )
  21. ↑ Emile Campardon: Les prodigalites d'un fermier general complement aux memoires de Madame d'Epinay. Charavay Freres, Paris, 1882 quoted from Pierre Lepape: Denis Diderot. A biography. Campus-Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 1994, ISBN 3-593-35150-1 , p. 121
  22. ↑ The Diderots' apartment would be at number 149 boulevard Saint-Germain across from Rue Saint-Benoît
  23. ↑ Laurence L. Bongie: Diderot and the rue Taranne. Studies on Voltaire and the Eighteenth Century Norwich, 1980, No. 189, pp. 179-190.
  24. ^ Johanna Borek: Denis Diderot. Rowohlt, Reinbek 2000, p. 14.
  25. ↑ Biography in French
  26. ^ Photograph taken by Charles Marville in 1866
  27. ↑ Philip Nicholas Furbank: Diderot. A critical biography. Secker & Warburg, London 1992, ISBN 0-436-16853-7 , p. 400; 427
  28. ↑ Histoire de la Bibliophilie. mercredi 20 février 2013. Repères pour le tricentenaire de la renaissance de Diderot
personal data
SURNAME Diderot, Anne-Antoinette
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Champion, Anne-Antoinette (maiden name); Diderot, Toinette; Nanette
BRIEF DESCRIPTION The wife and mother of Denis Diderot's children
DATE OF BIRTH February 22, 1710
PLACE OF BIRTH La Ferté-Bernard Sarthe department
DATE OF DEATH April 10, 1796
Place of death Paris