Ewald Banse

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Ewald Banse, painted by Fritz Flebbe

Ewald Banse (born May 23, 1883 in Braunschweig ; † October 31, 1953 there ) was a German geographer , Pan-Germanic historian and writer. His role as an ethnologist and orientalist is controversial.

Defense scientist and cultural geographer

One of his most important teachers was Willi Ule , geography professor in (Halle and) Rostock ( University of Rostock ), to whom he dedicated his "Orientbuch" in 1913. From 1918 to 1923 Banse lived and worked in Braunschweig as a writer and private scholar, from 1932 to 1934 he was honorary professor for geography at the then technical college , afterwards he taught at the technical college in Hanover and finally between 1940 and 1942 at the pedagogical college in his hometown. He campaigned (in vain) for the definition of geography as art ( cultural geography ) and military science as a science. During World War II, it served the Allied propaganda as an example of the German urge to expand.

Initially influenced by Wilhelmine , Banse was a contemporary of Hitler and Ataturk and spiritually connected with both. The first he supported numerous publications that the Nazi - racism paved the way, the latter he admired. The NSDAP joined Banse at the 1933rd For Germany and Europe he advocated expansion according to the ideology of the “ people without space ”. Banse considered the Young Oriental reforms to be unsuitable and insufficient for an “uplifting of the Orient”, but colonization and complete Europeanization of the “oriental races” were inevitable and expressly spoke out in favor of violence in their implementation (“ extermination of particularly insubordinate Orientals ”), where he welcomed the annihilation of the Armenians by the Ottoman Empire, allied with the German Empire (1915) and the later westernization policy under Ataturk in Turkey . Banse, in turn, seems to have influenced the Lebanese- (large) Syrian National Socialist Antun Saada (Antoine / Antun Saadeh).

After World War II, Banse was classified as a Nazi geopolitician in the Soviet zone of occupation and some of his books were placed on the list of literature to be discarded. In the Federal Republic, however, Banse remained respected as a geographer, Africa explorer and Orient expert until his death. In 1957, the Braunschweig City Library acquired the National Socialist geographer's book collection (5,000 works). Banses own works were mostly published by the Braunschweig Westermann printing and publishing group .

Works

His life's work is divided into a moderate “oriental” early work and an aggressive “occidental” main or late work of the 1930s and 40s.

Early work

  • Geography (1907)
  • Five types of landscape from the Orient (1908)
  • Egypt (1909)
  • The Atlas Lands (1910)
  • The Arab Orient (1910)
  • Through northern Mesopotamia (1911)
  • Tripoli (1912)
  • On the Euphrates, German Review for Geography (1913)
  • In the footsteps of the Baghdad Railway (1913)
  • The Orient Book (1913/14)
  • The earth (1913/14)
  • Illustrated geography (1914)
  • Turkey (1916/19)
  • Deserts, palms and bazaars (1921)
  • Harem, slaves, caravans (1921)
  • A thousand and one nights (1922)
  • The scales of hearts - people and things from the Orient (1922)
  • Occident, Orient and Midday Land (1923)
  • Lexicon of Geography (1923)
  • The Soul of Geography (1924)
  • Sun Sons (1925)
  • Occident and Orient (1926)
  • The Book of the Orient (1926)
  • Landscape and Soul (1928)
  • The Breath of the Orient (1929)
  • Women of the Orient (1929)
  • Book of Countries - Landscape and Soul of the Earth (1930)
  • Around the Earth - Ethnology, Landscape and Soul (1931)
  • The Bedouin Book (1931)

Others

  • Lower Saxony and Braunschweig in neugeographic representation (1925)
  • German regional studies (1932)
  • The German Central Uplands (1932)
  • Whites Around The World (1932)
  • Great Explorers (1933)
  • Germany Prepares for War! (1934)
  • The German lowlands (1935)
  • Germany around the world (1937)
  • Little Stories from Asia (1938)
  • Development and abandonment of geography (1953)
  • Alexander von Humboldt (1953)

Forbidden Nazi literature

List of literature to be discarded 1946

  • Space and People in World Wars (1932)
  • Geography and military will (1933)
  • Defense Science (1934)
  • Landscape and Tribal Issues in Germany (1934)
  • What Germans Must Know About Foreign Countries (1934)
  • Organic Geography Textbook (1937)
  • Our Great Africans (1940)
  • People and Habitat (1941)

List of literature to be discarded 1948

  • Lower Saxony - People, Landscape, Culture and Economy (1937)
  • Germany - People, Landscape, Culture and Economy (1938)

List of literature to be discarded 1953

  • Wittekind (1932)

literature

  • Richard Uhden: Ewald Banse. In: Westermannsmonthshefte. Volume 138, 1925, pp. 73-76.
  • Detailed biography of Banse in Uwe Lammers: Seven Lives : Scientists' biographies at the cultural studies department of the TH Braunschweig under National Socialism. 23 Jan 2015 published in the digital library of the Braunschweig University Library.

See also

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Hermann Weiß: Biographical Lexicon for the Third Reich . Ed .: Hermann Weiß. 2nd Edition. Fischer, Frankfurt a. M. 2011, ISBN 978-3-596-13086-3 , pp. 29 .
  2. ↑ from: List of the literature to be sorted out (in the Soviet zone of occupation) 1946
  3. ↑ from: List of literature to be segregated (in the Soviet zone of occupation) 1948
  4. ↑ from: List of the literature to be sorted out (in the GDR) 1953
personal data
SURNAME Banse, Ewald
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German geographer, Pan-Germanist hobby historian and writer
DATE OF BIRTH May 23, 1883
PLACE OF BIRTH Braunschweig
DATE OF DEATH October 31, 1953
Place of death Braunschweig