Gustave Chaudey

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Gustave Chaudey portrayed by Gustave Courbet
Execution of Gustave Chaudey on May 23, 1871

Gustave Chaudey (born October 5, 1817 in Vesoul , † May 23, 1871 in Paris ) was a French journalist and politician .

Life

Gustave Chaudey attended school in Vesoul and studied law in Paris from 1835 to 1840 ; then he worked there as a lawyer . In 1845 he became editor of the newspaper La Presse published by Émile de Girardin . He was friends with the poet Alphonse de Lamartine and at the beginning of the Second Republic supported General Louis-Eugène Cavaignac , who, as Minister of War , had unrest in Paris suppressed by force in June 1848 and was defeated in the presidential elections against Louis Napoleon on December 10, 1848 .

After the riots, Gustave Chaudey returned to Vesoul. There he was sentenced to two months in prison and ten years' exile in Switzerland after he had destroyed a notice in the prefecture in which the coup d'état of December 2, 1851 was justified . He settled in Neuchâtel and was editor-in-chief of the newspaper Le Republicain neuchâtelois from 1852 to 1853 . In 1853 he took the from Napoleon III. announced partial amnesty and returned to Paris. There he practiced his legal profession until 1856 and from 1860 worked with the Courrier du dimanche .

In 1865 he was the executor of Pierre-Joseph Proudhon , whom he defended in 1858 during a trial for his work De la justice dans la Révolution et dans l'Église . In the same year he also became a member of the International Workers' Association , also known as the First International , and in 1866 took part in its Geneva Conference.

In 1866 he defended several revolutionaries who were close to the Blanquists and had been arrested in the Café de la Renaissance on Place Saint-Michel ; These included Gustave Tridon (1841–1871), Raoul Rigault (1846–1871), who later became a public prosecutor and ordered the execution of Gustave Chaudey, Léonce Levraud (1843–1938), Gaston Da Costa (1850–1909), the free thinker Alfred Verlière (1841–?), Charles Longuet , Claude Victor Louis Stanislas Genton (1827–1890) and Eugène Protot (1839–1921); Gustave Tridon, Raoul Rigault and Charles Longuet later belonged to the leadership of the Paris Commune . He became editor-in-chief of Le Siècle and befriended the main shareholder of the republican newspaper, the banker Enrico Cernuschi .

A few weeks after the fall of the Second Empire , he was appointed mayor of the 9th arrondissement by decree of October 14, 1870 in place of the resigned Arthur Ranc , but only stayed in this position for a few days, as he was in the local elections on November 5, 1870 defeated against Ernest Desmarest (1815–1901); then he was appointed Deputy Mayor of Paris. At this time Paris had been besieged by the Germans since September 19, 1870, and parts of the National Guard radicalized during this time , which was reflected in demonstrations, riots and various coup attempts. On January 22nd, some battalions of the National Guard, supported by parts of the population, attempted a revolt; At the same time it became known that the flour stocks for the population did not last until February 1st, as previously calculated, but only until January 24th. The demonstration of national guards in front of the Hôtel-de-Ville was brutally shot down under the leadership of Raoul Rigault and Benoît Malon (1841-1893); there were over 50 dead. Gustave Chaudey, who as deputy mayor was responsible for the Hôtel-de-Ville, is said to have given the order for the violent dissolution, but this evidence could not be produced.

When the newspaper Le père Duchesne demanded that Gustave Chaudey be charged with bringing about the violent termination of the demonstration, he was arrested on April 13, 1871. Initially he was imprisoned in Mazas prison, later he was transferred to Prison de l'Abbaye ; There he was executed on behalf of prosecutor Raoul Rigault during the Bloody May week on May 23, 1871 in the courtyard of the prison after the President of the Paris Commune , Louis Charles Delescluze , had spoken out against a release and the efforts of his friends Enrico Cernuschi and Théodore Duret were unsuccessful. During this period, the Paris Archbishop Georges Darboy , Louis Bernard Bonjean (1804–1871), the senator under Napoleon III , were also executed . was, of Father Auguste-Alexis Surat (1804–1871), archdeacon of Notre-Dame and of Gaspard Deguerry (1797–1871), pastor of the parish church of La Madeleine .

Gustave Chaudey was married. The names of his children are known:

  • Georges Chaudey (1857-1904), who later became a politician.

The funerary monument of Gustave Chaudey was erected between 1873 and early 1874 in the 29th department of the Cimetière de Montmartre . It contains a bust carved by Jules Renaudot (1836–1901).

Fonts (selection)

literature

  • Gustave Vapereau , Dictionnaire universel des contemporains , Paris, Hachette, 1880, p. 411-412.

Web links

Commons : Gustave Chaudey  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Thankmar Freiherr von Münchhausen: 72 days: The Paris Commune in 1871 - the first "dictatorship of the proletariat" . DVA, 2015, ISBN 978-3-641-16320-4 ( google.de [accessed on September 17, 2019]).