La Madeleine (Paris)

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La Madeleine in Paris
La Madeleine in Paris
La Madeleine Paris facade

The parish church of La Madeleine ( Sainte-Marie-Madeleine, German St. Maria Magdalena ) is one of the most important sights in Paris . It is located in the 8th arrondissement about 400 m northeast of the Place de la Concorde and about 500 m southwest of the Opéra Garnier .

history

Under King Louis XV. the construction of a church based on the design of the architect Pierre Contant d'Ivry began on this site in 1764 . With its portico and a dome, it was supposed to offer a monumental point of view from the point of view of the nearby Place Louis XV, today's Place de la Concorde . Construction was slow. The work was interrupted in December 1791 due to the French Revolution . At that time there were only parts of the outer walls and the pillars of the portico on the south side. During the Revolution, there were various, unrealized plans for the completion and use of the building, including as a stock exchange, a commercial court or a parliament building.

On December 2, 1806, Napoleon I decided to build a Temple à la Gloire - a hall of fame for his soldiers - using the foundations and rising parts of the pre-revolutionary building . The classicist design by the architect Pierre-Alexandre Vignon (1763–1823) for this hall of fame with its 52 Corinthian columns resembles an ancient Roman podium temple . After the Russian campaign in 1812, Napoleon abandoned his plan for a hall of fame and returned to the original project of a church. After the fall of Napoleon, King Louis XVIII decided. , the building as a church in memory of Louis XVI. and to have Marie Antoinette finished. The construction work was completed under Louis-Philippe by the architect Jean-Jacques-Marie Huvé (1783-1852) in 1842. On October 9, 1845, the building was consecrated as a parish church.

In 1915 the church was listed as a Monument Historique .

The funeral masses etc. took place in the church . a. for Frédéric Chopin († 1849), Jacques Offenbach († 1880), Charles Gounod († 1893), Camille Saint-Saëns († 1921), Gabriel Fauré († 1924), Coco Chanel († 1971), Josephine Baker († 1975 ), Marlene Dietrich († 1992), Charles Trenet († 2001) and Johnny Hallyday († 2017).

architecture

The structure of the Madeleine Church is very unusual for a Christian church. This is explained by the long history of construction with the change in intended use. While the exterior is based on the model of the Roman temple, the interior with its three successive domes is modeled on the main rooms of Roman thermal baths . The interior of the church is mainly from the years 1830–1840. The statue of Maria Magdalena by Carlo Marochetti is particularly worth seeing .

La Madeleine forms the northern conclusion of an important urban axis that the church on Rue Royale, the Place de la Concorde and Pont de la Concorde to the Palais Bourbon combines.

organ

Cavaillé-Coll organ

The organ with 48 registers from La Madeleine was completed in 1846 and was designed by Aristide Cavaillé-Coll , who presented a completely new arrangement here . The Voix céleste register, for example, was the first of its kind in France. The prospectus is designed in the style of the Italian Renaissance . In 1971 the original mechanical tone action (with Barker lever ) was replaced by an electrical system by Danion & Gonzalez and the old console was completely changed. Since 2003, after several modifications (most recently two horizontal tabs), it has 60 registers distributed over four manuals and pedal , 46 of which are still originally from Cavaillé-Coll. Today's disposition is:

I Grand-Orgue C-g 3
01. Montre 16 ′
02. Viol 16 ′
03. Montre 08th'
04th Salicional 08th'
05. Flûte harmonique0 08th'
06th Bourdon 08th'
07th Prestant 04 ′
08th. Fifth 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
09. Duplicate 02 ′
10. Piccolo * 01'
11. Fittings V.
12. Cymbals V
13. Cornet V *
14th Trumpets 08th'
15th Cor anglais 08th'
II positive C-g 3
16. Montre 08th'
17th Flûte douce 08th'
18th Viole de Gambe0 08th'
19th Voix céleste 08th'
20th Prestant 04 ′
21st Dulciane 04 ′
22nd Octavine 02 ′
23. Trumpets 08th'
24. Trumpet en chamade * 08th'
25th musette 08th'
26th Clairon 04 ′
27. Clairon en chamade * 04 ′
III Bombardes C-g 3
28. Soubasse 16 ′
29 Flûte harmonique0 08th'
30th Flûte traversière 08th'
31. Bass 08th'
32. Flûte octaviante 04 ′
33. Octavine 02 ′
34. Fittings IV *
35. Cornet III *
36. Bombard 16 ′
37. Trumpets 08th'
38. Clairon 04 ′
IV Récit expressif
( swellable ) C – g 3
39. Flûte harmonique0 08th'
40. Bourdon Celeste * 08th'
41. Prestant * 04 ′
42. Flûte octaviante 04 ′
43. Octavine * 02 ′
44. Larigot * 1 1 ⁄ 3  ′
45. Plein Jeu IV *
46. Cymbals III *
47. Bombard 16
48. Trumpets 08th'
49. Basson-Hautbois 08th'
50. Voix Humaine 08th'
51. Clairon 04 ′
Tremolo
Pedale C – g 1
52. Quintaton 32 ′
53. Contrebasse0 16 ′
54. Flute 08th'
55. Violoncello 08th'
56. Flute * 04 ′
57. Bombard 16 ′
58. Basson 16 ′
59. Trumpets 08th'
60. Clairon 04 ′

The registers marked with * are not from Cavaillé-Coll

  • Couple:
    • Accouplements: Pos / GO, Rec / GO, Bom / GO, Rec / Pos, Rec / Bom, Bom / Pos, Rec / GO en 4 ', Bom / GO en 16', Rec en 4 ', Rec en 16' Suppression Rec en 8 '.
    • Tirasses : GO, Pos, Rec, Bom; Tirasses en 4 ': GO, Pos, Bom, Rec.
  • Playing aids : Appel Anches GO, Pos, Bom, Rec, Ped; Tutti Pleins-Jeux, Tutti général, Crescendo des jeux; Combinateur: 15 × 16 combinaisons.

Organists

The titular organists at the Madeleine were:

Visitors during the time of Saint-Saëns included Franz Liszt and Robert Schumann . The representative organists included Charles-Marie Widor , Eugène Gigout and Nadia Boulanger .

literature

To the church
  • Julia Droste-Hennings, Thorsten Droste: Paris. A city and its myth (= DuMont art travel guide ). DuMont-Reiseverlag, Cologne 2003, ISBN 3-7701-6090-8 , pp. 309-310; 3rd, update Ed., Ibid. 2008, ISBN 978-3-7701-6090-7 .
  • Fritz Stahl : Paris. A city as a work of art. Rudolf Mosse Buchverlag, Berlin 1929, DNB 576502065 ; Schroll, Vienna / Munich 1966, DNB 458210552 ( limited preview in the Google book search).
  • Heinfried Wischermann: Architecture Guide Paris (= Hatje Architecture Guide ). Photogr. by Bernhard Vedral, Heinfried Wischermann. Gerd Hatje Verlag, Ostfildern near Stuttgart 1997, ISBN 3-7757-0606-2 , p. 81.
  • The Structurae entry offers a list of French-language literature (see web links ).
To the organ
  • Édouard Mignan: Les grandes orgues de la Madeleine et ses organistes . Ed .: Léonce Raffin. Ed. Alsatia, Paris 1958, OCLC 258709 (French).
  • Les orgues de Paris et de Versailles (=  Les orgues de Cavaillé-Coll en leur temps. Vol. 3; Collection les introuvables de l'orgue. Vol. 7 ). Ed. du Bérange, Saint-Geniès-des-Mourgues 1999, ISBN 2-912986-11-7 (French, 6 volumes).

Web links

Commons : La Madeleine  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Eglise de la Madeleine at culture.gouv.fr, accessed on April 22, 2017
  2. ↑ http://www.feinschwarz.net/frankreich-ploetzlich-katholisch-zum-begraebnis-von-johnny-hallyday/

Coordinates: 48 ° 52 ′ 12 ″  N , 2 ° 19 ′ 27 ″  E