Ablai (Khan)

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Postage stamp of Kazakhstan depicting Ablais, 2001

Ablay (Abilmansur) Khan ( Kazakh Абылай (Әбілмансұр) хан ) (* May 23, 1711 ; † 1781 ) was the Kazakh Khan of the Middle Horde . Ablay is one of the descendants of Dgenibek Khan , the founder of the Kazakh state in the 15th century. In the first half of the 18th century, Ablay Khan acted as the organizer and commander of the division of the Kazakh military that fought against the jungle . He took part in the most important battles against the jungle from the 1720s to the 1750s, for which he was popularly referred to as a "hero".

Ablai's policy pursued a strong and independent Kazakh state. He led the combined forces of the Kazakhs and promoted the centralization of state power in Kazakhstan. Until his appointment as Khan by the three hordes ( Great , Small and Medium Horde ) Ablay had to assert himself against Khan Abul Mambet and his successors of the Middle Horde. Initially, Russia recognized Abul Mambet as the Khan of the Middle Horde, while Ablay was supported by China. Ablay used his talent to play China against Russia in order to stand out as the khan of the Kazakh steppe without competition. Unlike Abulhair Khan , the Khan of the Little Horde, Ablay never bowed to Russian demands. In 1771, at the meeting of representatives of the three hordes, Ablay was named Kazakh Khan. The Russian Empress Catherine II demanded that the title of Khan be recognized and officially approved by Russia. To this end, she sent letters to Petropavl in 1779 , where she expected Ablay to receive his title. He never visited this place and declined the Russian request to appoint him as Khan of the Middle Horde. Unlike Ablai, khans and sultans had previously distributed generous gifts to the Russian empress in competition in exchange for her assistance.

During the campaigns of the Qing Dynasty against the Jungars, Ablay Khan decided to remain neutral in this conflict. When the conflict was resolved, Ablay offered his support to Emperor Qianlong . Ablay has been confirmed as a Kazakh Khan by both the Chinese and the Russians. He had led numerous campaigns against the Kokand Khanate and the Kyrgyz people. During his last campaign, his troops liberated numerous cities in southern Kazakhstan and conquered Tashkent . He then continued in Kyrgyzstan and won the battle against angry troops of local warlords.

After his death in 1781 he was buried in the mausoleum of Hodscha Ahmad Yasawi in Turkistan .

Schokan Schingisul Uelichanul (Kazakh .: Шоқан Шыңғысұлы Уәлиханұлы, 1835–1865), Kazakh scholar and historian, is a descendant of Ablai.

The life of Ablai Khan is processed in the 2005 film Nomad - The Warrior (Kazakh: Көшпенділер ; Russian: Кочевник ).

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personal data
SURNAME Ablai
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Abilmansur
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Kazakh Khan of the Middle Horde
DATE OF BIRTH May 23, 1711
DATE OF DEATH 1781