Little horde

The Kazakh khanate and territory

of the Little Horde

of the Middle Horde

of the Great Horde

Small Horde ( Kazakh. Кіші жүз / Kişi jüz "younger Schüs") was the name of a Kazakh tribal federation of the 16th century. This horde is also known as the Younger Horde .

Starting from Tsarist Russia , the other Europeans also incorrectly called the Little Horde in the 18th and 19th centuries the Little Kyrgyz Horde . This came about because the Russia of that time wanted to differentiate the Kazakhs from the Slavic Cossacks ( Russian Казак / kazak ). So they initially called the Kazakhs "Kazak Kyrgyz". Between 1917 and 1920 the area of ​​the Little Horde belonged to the Kazakh Alash Orda state .

Scope and tribal structure

Like all Central Asian nomadic empires , the Little Horde did not have any fixed and clearly defined borders. Essentially, the Little Horde comprised northwest and western Kazakhstan . Their members were made up of nomadic tribes . For example, the Alim-Üly, Bay-Üly and Zhety-Üru clans belonged to the Little Horde. Sometimes the Bökey Horde , which originated at the beginning of the 19th century and was to the west of it, on the territory of the former Nogaier Horde , is incorrectly assigned to the Small Horde .

history

In 1509 the Gengiskhanide Qasym Khan founded the independent Kazak khanate . After his death, three apanages ( partial lords ) were established on the territory of the khanate from 1518 , from which the small horde emerged.

When the armed conflicts with the West Mongolian Djungars began in the 18th century , the advance of the Russian Empire into Central Asia took place at about the same time . Cossack associations opened up the northern steppe regions on behalf of the tsar and the first bloody clashes between the Slavic new settlers and the Kazakh nomads took place .

In 1731 the Khan of the Little Horde, Abu'l-Hayr, voluntarily submitted to the Russian Empire and became a vassal of the Tsar. By subordinating the horde to the tsar, the prince hoped that Russia would support him in the fight against the jungles. Nevertheless, the relationship between the Small Horde and the Tsar remained divided. However, the Russian associations did not need to intervene, as the neighboring Qing dynasty bloody destroyed the jungle. In 1812, the Bökey Horde , allied with the Tsar, was founded west of the Small Horde and its prince Bökey was installed as the second ruler in the Small Horde. In 1824 the Small Horde was dissolved and placed under direct Russian administration.

Prince list

• Üziak Khan (a son of Janibeg, reigned 1526–1535 / 7)
• Boliakai Kuyan around 1550
• Aichuvak around 1580
• Irish around 1650
• Adiya or Aitiak around 1680
• Abulhair Khan (1717 / 28–1748)
  • Nürali Khan (1748–1786; northern part of the Khanate, † 1790)
  • Sirim Batyr Khan (1748/90; southern part of the Khanate, † circa 1802)
• Yesim Khan II (1790/91)
• Yeraly Khan (1791–1794)
• Yesim Khan III. (1796/97)
• Aishuak Khan (1797-1803, abdicated)
  • Chantore Khan (1803-1809; northern part of the Khanate)
  • Karatai Khan (1806-1816; southern part of the Khanate)
• Sergazi Khan I (1812-1824, deposed)
  • Aryngazi Khan (1816-1821, † 1833)
  • Golamen Tilenshi 1822-1824

See also

• Kazak Khanate

Individual evidence

1. ^ Peter Truhart, Regent Tables II. (Asia), Munich, New York 1985, p. 1106