Bökey horde

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The Bökey Horde ( Kazakh Бөкей Ордасы , Bökeý Ordası ; Russian Букеевская Орда , Bukejewskaja Orda ) was a nomadic tribal federation between the lower reaches of the rivers Volga and Ural in what is now western Kazakhstan . It is sometimes wrongly counted as part of the neighboring Little Horde to the east .

Origin of names and other designations

The name Bökey-Horde is a product from the early 19th century. He comes from the founder Bökey Khan , who ruled there as a prince (Khan). Another name for this area is the Inner Kazak Horde (Kazakh Ішкі Қазақ Ордасы , İşki Qazaq Ordası ).

Scope and tribal structure

The Bökey horde was the only Central Asian nomadic empire to have clearly defined borders: it was located between the rivers Volga and Urals and was bounded in the north by the Russian governorate of Orenburg . This area belonged to the Nogaier Horde in the past and now makes up the far west of Kazakhstan . To bukey horde included numerous nomadic tribes , including the clan Adaj, Zschappas, Bajbakty, Tana, Berisch, Scherkesch, Maskar, Isyk, Esen-temir, Alascha, Kyzylkurt, Taz, Tama, Kerderi, Tabyn and Kete and numerous Nogai , Tatar and Bashkir clans.

history

In 1797 the Kazakh prince Bökey failed in his election as head of the Little Horde . As early as 1799, he asked the then Russian Tsar Paul I to relocate his clan to the area between the Volga and Urals, which was part of the Russian Empire . After the examination by the Russian administrative authorities, Bökey was allowed to move in 1801 and so he and 5000 allied families moved to the area promised to him. In this area Bökey - and later his son Jangher - appeared as a promoter of Islam . The new Kazak Federation thus had lively contact with the various tribes of the Volga-Ural Tatars , the Bashkirs and the Nogais . For example, there were 126 Tatar mullahs in the area in the late 1840s .

In 1812, Bökey Khan established his own horde as a vassal of the Russian tsar and was now installed by tsar Alexander I as the second khan of the Middle and Great Horde , after the complaints of the tribal and clan leaders about the reigning Khan Vali increased.

Bökey Khan died on May 12, 1815, and he was succeeded by his then 14-year-old son Jangher (also known as Dschangir Khan). Between 1815 and 1825 a great-uncle, Shighai, was appointed as regent at his side.

Jangher Khan took over sole rule in 1825 and was attacked around 1837 by a Bei named Isatai Taimanow (* 1791, † 1838) and a folk singer named Mahambet Utemisow († 1846). They carried out an uprising against Jangher and attacked the place of residence Chanskaja Stawka (Russian name, literally "Khan location"; today the village of Chan Ordassy in the West Kazakhstan region ). However, like his father before him, Jangher was a vassal of the Russian tsar, and so the rebels were eventually defeated and driven out by a Russian army detachment.

After the death of Jangher Khan (1845), the Bökey horde was dissolved and the area under its control fell under direct administration by the Russian tsar. This direct administration was abandoned in 1859 and the area was placed under the Russian Foreign Ministry. In 1876 the area came under the administration of the Astrakhan Governorate , although the formal subordination to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs was retained. The administrative seat remained Chanskaja Stawka. On July 1, 1917, the area became an independent governorate ( Bokej governorate , Russian Букеевская губерния , Bukejewskaja gubernija ). During the time of the civil war it was effectively under the control of the Kazakh Alash Orda state until 1920 . After the founding of the Kyrgyz ASSR (forerunner of the Kazakh SSR ) on Киргизская Автономная Социалистическая Советская Республика (1920-1925) on August 26, 1920 the government came to this government. It existed until June 6, 1925, when it broke up in Uralsk Governorate .

Princes

  • Bökey Khan (1812-1815)
  • Shighai (1815-1825, regent)
  • Jangher Khan (1801-1845, ruled 1815-1845)