Glasgow Rangers
| Glasgow Rangers | ||||
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| Basic data | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Surname | Rangers Football Club | |||
| Seat | Glasgow , Scotland | |||
| founding | March, 1872 | |||
| Colours | Blue White Red | |||
| owner | Rangers International Football Club plc | |||
| Board | Dave King | |||
| Website | rangers.co.uk | |||
| First soccer team | ||||
| Head coach | Steven Gerrard | |||
| Venue | Ibrox Stadium | |||
| Places | 50,817 | |||
| league | Scottish Premiership | |||
| 2019/20 | 2nd place (quotient regulation) | |||
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The Glasgow Rangers (actually Rangers Football Club ) are a Scottish football club from Glasgow . With 54 national championship titles, the club together with Linfield from Northern Ireland (also 54 titles) won the most championships worldwide. Bankruptcy in 2012 forced the Rangers to compete in the fourth-class Scottish League Two in 2012/13 under a new operating company . After two lower class championships in a row and the corresponding promotions, the club was in the second class Scottish Championship in 2014/15 . After two more years, they returned to the highest Scottish league, the Scottish Premiership , in which they have been competing again since the 2016/17 season.
The home games are played in the all-seat stadium Ibrox Stadium in southwest Glasgow. It has a capacity of 50,817 spectators and has been awarded the “ five-star stadium ” rating by the European football association UEFA . It was the first Scottish stadium to receive this award. Hampden Park , where the Scottish national team plays their home games, was added later .
Rangers' players and supporters come from different nationalities and religions, although the club has traditionally been favored by mostly Protestant Unionists in Scotland. The city derby with Celtic , known as the Old Firm, is considered to be one of the bitterest club feuds in football.
The club's nicknames are "The Gers" (a short form of the club's name "Rangers") and "The Teddy Bears", which was formed as " Rhyming Slang " on "Gers". The supporters of the Rangers refer to each other as "Bluenoses". Since the addition "Glasgow" is not present in the club name, the club in Great Britain is only spoken of as "Rangers" or "Rangers FC".
history
Hour of birth and the first years (1873–1899)
When the brothers Peter and Moses McNeil as well as William McBeath and Peter Campbell watched a group of young men play football in their home park Glasgow Green in Flesher's Haugh, the young Protestant students decided to form their own team. The first game of this team took place under the name "Argyle" in May 1872 in Flesher's Haugh against FC Callander and ended with a goalless 0-0. Moses McNeil suggested the name "Rangers" during the official founding on July 15, 1873, as he had previously discovered it in a book about the English sport of rugby . The second game had previously taken place against a team called Clyde - not identical to today's FC Clyde - which was clearly defeated 11-0.
In the following years, the club developed more solid structures of a regulated football club and in 1876, Moses McNeil was the first Rangers player appointed to a game of the Scottish national team, which played against Wales . When Queen's Park , which was founded in 1867, played a dominant role in the 1870s , the duel against Celtic Glasgow known today as the "Old Firm" was born in 1888 - it ended as a friendly game with a 5-2 win for Celtic. Two years later, the Scottish League began playing and the Rangers were successful in their first season. Equal on points with FC Dumbarton , the club took first place and after 2-2 in a play-off, the title was shared between the two clubs.
After the Rangers had been defeated by FC Vale of Leven in the final of the Scottish Cup in 1877 and 1879 , the team won the "Scottish Cup" for the first time in 1894 with a 3-1 final victory over Celtic. In 1887, the club had previously been on the verge of winning the English FA Cup , when Aston Villa was the final destination for the Rangers in the semi-finals .
At the end of the 19th century, the Rangers won two more Scottish Cup editions in 1897 and 1898. The championship in the 1898/99 season was finally won when the Rangers could win all 18 league games. Also in 1899 the club became a public company , which William Wilton officially hired as the first team coach. It also formed the first board of directors with the first chairman James Henderson, with which the club set the course for one of the most successful Scottish clubs.
William Wilton / Bill Struth: The First Trainers (1899–1954)
At the beginning of the early 20th century, the Rangers were able to confirm their success and won seven Scottish championships between 1900 and 1918. The unsuccessful title defense in 1919 was followed by one of the best seasons in the club's history, when the team scored 106 goals in 42 league games in the 1919/20 season under coach William Wilton and his right-hand man Bill Struth, who has been with the club since 1914 . During this time the foundations were laid for a Scottish passing game, which, tactically, revealed a significant advancement in Scottish football. Together with Celtic, the Rangers now dominated the domestic league.
When Wilton died in a boating accident in May 1920, Struth inherited him as only the second official trainer of the Rangers. Struth was to carry out this office until 1954 and win 18 league titles, ten cup wins and two league cup editions. Under his aegis, the first triple in the history of Scottish football from all three domestic competitions fell in the 1948/49 season .
Scot Symon: First European participations (1954-1967)
After winning two more doubles under Bill Struth in 1950 and 1953, Scot Symon became the third Rangers coach in the club's history in 1954. The club took part under Symon for the first time in a European club competition and was subject to the French team OGC Nice . With 1: 7, the Rangers also suffered the highest defeat to date in the league cup final against Celtic in 1957. Three years later, the club moved into the semi-finals of the European Champions Cup and lost to Eintracht Frankfurt after a two-legged leg with 4:12 goals - this is still a negative record for a Scottish football club to this day. Only a year later, the Rangers moved into the final of the European Cup Winners' Cup , defeating the Italian club Fiorentina in two games 1: 4. In the same competition, the Rangers were again in the final six years later and now lost 1-0 after extra time against FC Bayern Munich .
In the domestic league, the Rangers had to defend themselves from the 1950s at the latest, in addition to the regular departure of important players for England, as well as the newly strengthened competition from Edinburgh, but were able to prevent a longer dry spell like the rival Celtic was going through at the time .
David White: A Brief Intermezzo (1967–1969)
Only the fourth coach in Rangers history was finally followed in 1967 by David White , who was removed from his post after only two years without a title. The signs had now shifted significantly in the inner-city competition in favor of Celtic, which was able to achieve the greatest success in British football with the European championship competition when the Rangers lost their cup final against FC Bayern six days later. By 1974 a total of nine Scottish championships should go to the "Bhoys" in a row.
Willie Waddell: European Cup winner (1969–1972)
With the engagement of the former outside runner Willie Waddell in 1969 as the new athletic director, success gradually returned. In January 1970, however, the club experienced a disaster at an Old Firm game against Celtic at Ibrox Stadium , in which 66 people were killed in the east stand and over 200 other supporters were injured. A little over a year later, Waddell, known as the "grinder", led his team to the first - and to date only - victory in a European club competition, when the final in the European Cup Winners' Cup against Dynamo Moscow at Camp Nou after two goals from Willie Johnston and one Another hit from Colin Stein could be won 3-2. The game had to be stopped prematurely after the supporters stormed the square and the Rangers players only received the trophy in their locker room. The club was later given a two-year ban for the entire European Cup due to incidents during the game in the stands and after serious fan riots around the game, which was then reduced to one year - a title defense was therefore not possible for the Rangers. Waddell cleared his coaching chair after the triumph and from then on held the office of general manager in the club. His former Kotrainer Jock Wallace took over the sporting direction.
Jock Wallace: Return to the Top (1972-1978)
Under the reign of Jock Wallace, the Rangers came back to success in the domestic competitions. In his first season, which also marked the club's centenary, he won the Scottish Cup again after beating Celtic 3-2 in the final. With the championship in the 1974/75 season, the Rangers ended the previous nine-year dominance of their arch rivals. Also in the new "Premier Division", which functioned as the new top division in Scotland from 1975 and consisted of only ten teams, the Rangers were instant champions and thanks to the two cup wins in the FA Cup and League Cup, another triple was achieved. A titleless season in 1976/77 was followed a year later by the fourth triple in the club's history - based on the Scottish competitions.
With this return to the top in the mid-1970s, the club again consolidated its status as the most successful Scottish football club. Surprisingly, however, Wallace announced his resignation in 1978 and left his exact motives in the dark. With John Greig , a formerly successful Rangers player and team captain took over the coaching office.
John Greig: Stagnation (1978-1983)
Greig's tenure got off to a promising start when the previous year's triple winner also achieved good results in the European Cup . After a 1-0 defeat to Juventus Turin , the Scottish champions turned the game around with a 2-0 win. In the next round, the Rangers defeated PSV Eindhoven and then faced 1. FC Köln in the quarter-finals . Major injury problems at the Rangers were partly responsible for the fact that the German champions kept the upper hand with a total of 2-1 after both games. In the period that followed, the performances in the domestic league continued to decline and the dominance in the mid-1970s came to an abrupt end. Greig failed above all to rebuild the successful Wallace team. In the early 1980s, the Rangers not only had problems with Celtic; and the FC Aberdeen and Dundee United had meanwhile become a serious competitor in the Scottish top and in contrast to the two teams from Glasgow, the so-called " New Firm " founded. This permanent crisis of the Rangers could only be interrupted by sporadic cup successes and in 1981 winning the Scottish Cup and the performance of winger Davie Cooper was one of the few sporting bright spots. Although the club was able to celebrate some respectable successes in the League Cup, in 1983 after five years without winning the Scottish Championship, the steadily growing pressure on the club's management was too great and Greig responded with his resignation.
Jock Wallace: The Second Term (1983–1986)
With the renewed commitment of Jock Wallace, the club management of the Rangers promised a return to past successes. Wallace, who in the meantime had trained mainly in England Leicester City , was not initially considered to be the first choice. With Jim McLean and Alex Ferguson , however, the two New Firm coaches had opposed the Rangers' advances. Wallace was able to win two league cup editions in a row at the beginning of his second term in 1983 and 1984. However, the continued dominance of Aberdeen FC, which could only seriously endanger Dundee United and Celtic, ensured that Wallace was dismissed after a fifth place in the 1985/86 season and an overall undetectable improvement over the Greig era.
Graeme Souness: The Revolution (1986-1991)
With Graeme Souness , the Rangers employed a player-coach for the first time in 1986 . The owner, Lawrence Marlborough, who was then based in the United States, viewed the negative development in the 1980s with concern and seized control of the board after years of disputes. The commitment of David Holmes as the new chairman of the association was considered to be trend-setting, which in turn was instrumental in the Souness personality. Souness had previously celebrated great successes in English football at Liverpool FC and - supported by Holmes - set new standards in transfer policy. With the help of some top English players, who also increasingly joined the Rangers in the years that followed, Souness won the Scottish Championship in his first season and ended a nine-year dry spell. The Rangers also won the league cup against Celtic and both clubs announced this season that the Old Firm should regain its former supremacy in the next two decades.
After the arrival of steel entrepreneur David E. Murray as the club's self-proclaimed "overseer", the Rangers continued their revival as the top Scottish club. Murray, who had secured the club for six million pounds from Lawrence Marlborough , won his first Scottish league title in a duet with Souness in 1989, establishing a series of nine seasons as Scottish champions.
The years under Graeme Souness were marked by successes, but also by conflicts. The ranking as the most successful Scottish football club was restored and the club played what is believed to be the most important role in British football at the time. Since English football clubs have been excluded from European club competitions since 1985 due to the Heysel disaster , a number of England internationals - including Ray Wilkins , Terry Butcher and Chris Woods - moved to the Rangers. In 1989, the Rangers signed the Catholic Mo Johnston , who had been a successful Celtic player before his guest appearance at French FC Nantes . This personality caused great resentment among some Rangers and Celtic supporters. While traditional Protestant Rangers fans were reluctant to accept the Catholic's commitment, Celtic supporters reacted negatively when the plan to return Johnston to their club had been thwarted by the Rangers at the last minute.
Despite his success with the Rangers, Souness was never able to establish himself in the Scottish football community. He clashed with football officials several times. He was expelled from his coaching bench at his debut and had to serve several bans in the stands. In 1991 Souness left the Rangers to join his old club Liverpool FC. He had previously secured another Scottish championship with a win in the last home game against Aberdeen FC and left mixed feelings with the Rangers supporters. While some were disappointed with this decision, other supporters see his decision as a "fraud on the club". However, there was agreement that the Souness era represented the most dramatic years in the club's history in many ways.
With Walter Smith , the former Kotrainer took on the heavy legacy of Souness and from then on was judged as the ninth Rangers trainer against the successes of the eighth sporting director.
Walter Smith: "Nine in a row" (1991–1998)
After the departure of Souness, Smith achieved his first championship with the Rangers as head coach in 1991 after a thrilling win on the final day of the game against rivals from Aberdeen. With the help of David Murray, who created the financial conditions, Smith signed more highly decorated players and headed for one of the best seasons in the club's history in the 1992/93 season. Not only the renewed win of the home triple was in the end on the credit side; In addition, the club was about to move into the final of the first-ever Champions League . The Rangers had initially eliminated Leeds United in a British duel before the group stage . Although the club remained unbeaten in the following six games, four draws ensured that in the end only second place came out behind the eventual title holder Olympique Marseille - who was later banned for the following season in the Champions League due to proven cases of bribery in the French league has been.
Also in the 1993/94 season, the Rangers were able to win two of the three domestic competitions and missed another triple only by losing the final in the Scottish FA Cup against Dundee United. With the help of the high-profile new signings Brian Laudrup and Paul Gascoigne , two more championships followed and with the league title in the 1996/97 season, the Rangers equalized the record of Celtic from the late 1960s and early 1970s with nine championships in a row. The 1997/98 season was the last in the tenure of Walter Smith, who failed to win the tenth title and then moved to the English Premier League for Everton . In addition, a number of players left the club, including Brian Laudrup, Richard Gough and Ally McCoist . The last named McCoist was significantly involved in all nine championship titles and had thus developed into one of the most popular players in the club's history ("Super Ally").
Dick Advocaat: The "Little General" (1998–2001)
Dick Advocaat , known as the “little general”, succeeded Walter Smith at the beginning of the 1998/99 season. The former PSV Eindhoven coach was only the tenth head coach of the Rangers and the first non-Scot. With this personality, David Murray underlined his ambitions to let the Rangers penetrate the European elite and to play a more decisive role in the financially ever more lucrative Champions League. To this end, Murray granted his new coach financial resources that had not previously been available to any of his predecessors and which should set the club back economically - as it later turned out due to lack of success.
With an unprecedented budget, Advocaat invested over £ 36 million in new players in its first season, with Dutch internationals Arthur Numan and Giovanni van Bronckhorst integrating well into the team right away, but other commitments - including those of Andrei Kantschelskis - did not meet expectations. In the domestic competitions this initially did not change the supremacy of the club and Advocaat won all three Scottish titles with the Rangers in its first season. The team also seemed to have made progress in terms of game culture, which was also beginning to have an impact on the European level - the Rangers knocked out Bayer 04 Leverkusen in the UEFA Cup before losing to AC Parma in the round of 16 . Against the same opponent, the team prevailed in qualifying for the Champions League main round in the 1999/2000 season.
By the start of his third season, Advocaat had already won five of six possible Scottish titles. But although the club was now in the Champions League group stage, the performance in the domestic championship quickly deteriorated significantly. More expensive transfers followed, including for the club's record transfer fee of twelve million pounds for the Norwegian Tore André Flo and the Dutch international Ronald de Boer , which, however, could not reverse the negative trend. The disagreements within the team increased and the incipient financial difficulties worsened the sporting situation. After an untitled 2000/01 season, the subsequent 2001/02 season began unchanged and Celtic led the championship round under Martin O'Neill superior. Advocaat eventually resigned as a trainer and took on the role of general manager, which he was only to hold for eleven months. The new head coach was Alex McLeish in December 2001 .
In retrospect, Advocaat's tenure was ambivalent. His leading role in the construction of the £ 14 million Murray Park training complex in Auchenhowie was seen as setting the trend for the professional training of in-house players to the standards of a top European club. However, Advocaat's personnel and transfer policy was the target for extensive criticism, especially since he was required to break through into the European elite due to his high financial resources. When the club got into financial difficulties, the sporting trend reversal could no longer realistically be achieved through further player commitments. Given these prerequisites, the task for successor Alex McLeish to return to the top of Scottish football already seemed ambitious.
Alex McLeish: Return to Modesty (2001-2005)
Alex McLeish's 4½ year tenure at Ibrox Stadium has been tumultuous after the costly Advocaat era. With a significantly lower budget compared to that of its immediate predecessors, successes and disappointments regularly alternated and the club's debt position often required the sale of top performers within the team.
The commitment of McLeish in December 2001 was initially received in the Rangers support with cautious optimism and the changeable success of McLeish at his predecessor clubs Hibernian Edinburgh and FC Motherwell as an indication of a new modesty in the club. The worries about being only partially competitive compared to the Celtic team, which had been successfully rejuvenated by Martin O'Neill , came to an end quickly when the team soon displayed a team spirit that they long in the late phase of the Advocaat period had missed. After good results in the Scottish Cup, they faced Celtic in the final and won - led by Barry Ferguson - 3-2 after a winner from Peter Løvenkrands in the last minute.
McLeish's first full coaching season in 2002/03 confirmed this upward trend and by winning the League Cup after a 2-1 final win over Celtic in the final, the Rangers initiated another triple win. Winning the Scottish Championship was particularly dramatic when the Rangers relegated Celtic to second place after a win against Dunfermline Athletic on the final day of the match due to the better goal difference. The two Glasgow arch-rivals were tied for points and goal difference until shortly before the end of the game, until a penalty from Mikel Arteta in the last minute made the decision for the Rangers. A somewhat unspectacular 1-0 victory in the cup final against FC Dundee a week later secured another triple success in Scotland. On the other hand, there was a disappointing first round in the UEFA Cup against the Czech outsider FK Viktoria Žižkov .
In the following season 2003/04 the initial successes could not be repeated. The club remained in a precarious financial position and austerity programs were intended to help it deal with the accumulated debt. With a significantly lower financial volume - compared to almost the last two decades - the association sold a number of top performers. These included Lorenzo Amoruso , winger and Scottish international Neil McCann , but most importantly, team captain Barry Ferguson disembarked to join the Blackburn Rovers . The substitutes were mainly players who joined Rangers on a free transfer after the Bosman decision , and no longer players who cost high transfer fees. Nevertheless, the club first made it into the lucrative group stage of the Champions League when the decisive goal against FC Copenhagen was achieved in the final qualifying round in Denmark just before the end of the game . In the medium term, however, the loss of the player Ferguson was difficult to compensate and at the end of the season the club was without a title win. The signings in particular had not turned out to be reinforcements, such as the Brazilian midfielder Emerson and the Norwegian striker Egil Østenstad , but above all the Portuguese winger Nuno Capucho, who came to Rangers for £ 600,000 .
Even with the transfers for the 2004/05 season, McLeish did not develop a lucky hand and the Serbian midfielder Dragan Mladenović , who was committed for a million pounds, was ultimately to play less than ten games for the club. Behind Celtic, the Rangers initially only played for second place and the qualifying phase in the Champions League was also the end of the line. It has been suggested that another failure by missing the UEFA Cup group stage could lead to McLeish's sacking, which was then averted by a late goal and a win on penalties against Marítimo Funchal . This last-minute success represented a turning point within this season and later the other summer transfers fitted better into the team, including Nacho Novo , the two free transfer players Dado Pršo and Jean-Alain Boumsong and midfielder Alex Rae . Boumsong in particular showed a good development, which, however, led to the fact that after only six months in January 2005 the club decided to sell the player to Newcastle United for eight million pounds - the former Rangers coach Souness was the coach at the time "Magpies". Gradually, the Rangers made good ground on Celtic and the high income from the Boumsong transfer made further reinforcements possible, including that of Thomas Buffel and the return of former captain Barry Ferguson. With a 5-1 win in the league cup final against FC Motherwell , the first trophy of the season could be won, but despite two wins in Old Firm duels against Celtic - including 2-0 McLeish's first win at Celtic Park - and the Meanwhile leading the table, the Rangers were five points behind their arch-rivals after a defeat by Celtic in the last derby with only four games remaining. When Celtic suffered a 3-1 home defeat against Hibernian Edinburgh the following week, the two clubs were separated by just two points before the final matchday. In another dramatic decision, Motherwell FC provided help when a 0-1 deficit at Fir Park could be turned into a 2-1 win against Celtic in the final stages. Since the Rangers won the "Hibs" 1-0 at the same time, a helicopter had to bring the championship trophy, which was already available for Celtic, to Easter Road in order to honor the Rangers in time. The decision day, known as "Helicopter Sunday", was the second Scottish championship in the McLeish era and the 51st title in the history of the club as a whole.
With only six wins in the first 17 championship games, the defending champion started weakly in the 2005/06 season and was eliminated against Celtic in the League Cup. With a total of ten games without success in a row, the club recorded the worst run in its history between October and December. Regardless, the Rangers were the first Scottish club ever to survive the group stage of the Champions League and move into the knockout phase. Nevertheless, the weak performances in the domestic championship round were criticized and David Murray did not rule out McLeish's resignation after the end of the European Cup at a press conference. In December 2005 Murray backed his coach again, but stressed that the results in the Scottish League needed to be improved. This was followed by a significant increase in the team's performance and, above all, with the help of top scorer Kris Boyd , who was signed by FC Kilmarnock , the Rangers came to a series of ten unbeaten games. However, this high phase quickly came to an end when the Champions League games continued. With a 3-0 home defeat to Hibernian Edinburgh, the Rangers said goodbye to the Scottish FA Cup and supporters' displeasure with McLeish and Murray grew louder, especially when there was another 2-0 defeat at McLeish's old just four days later Aberdeen club continued. The McLeish era was slowly coming to an end.
During the McLeish years, the team performance was characterized primarily by inconsistency, which was also reflected in the failures and successes in the transfer market. Overall, he made for a positive balance of 13 million pounds and by reducing the annual salary budget to 15 million pounds for a reorganization of the club. On the other hand, in many of his engagements he was charged with contracting a number of underperforming players, taking into account the appearance of new Scottish talent, neglecting the Scottish players and also the promotion of his own youngsters. McLeish sympathizers pointed out, however, that Novo, Andrews and Murray had developed positively within Scottish football with the Rangers and that young players with Chris Burke , Alan Hutton , Ross McCormack and Steven Smith had also risen from their own field. Overall, McLeish won seven Rangers titles in Scotland in four years and even surpassed his opponent Martin O'Neill, who had won one trophy less in the same time.
Paul Le Guen: Big Plans and a Quick End (2006–2007)
On February 9, 2006 - two days before an Old Firm duel against Celtic - David Murray announced at the height of the unrest among the supporters that Alex McLeish would give up coaching with the Rangers at the end of the 2006/07 season. On March 11, 2006, the French series champion Olympique Lyon announced Paul Le Guen as his successor with the promise of starting a productive era and forging “big plans”. In addition, Murray announced that together with sponsorship money from the sporting goods retailer JJB Sports, he would massively strengthen the team.
Known for discovering and promoting young talent, Le Guen immediately invested heavily in the transfer market, hiring the South African U-19 player Dean Furman from Chelsea , and the talents William Stanger and Antoine Ponroy from Stade Rennes . Add to this Libor Sionko and Karl Svensson , while simultaneously putting a number of players up for sale or rental.
The 2006/07 season started with many disappointments and a series of defeats and draws against less-rated opponents. After an early out in the league cup against St. Johnstone FC , the Rangers only played for second place against the leaders Celtic against Heart of Midlothian and Aberdeen FC. The performances stabilized in the medium term with wins against Hearts, Aberdeen and Hibs, but it was mainly the performances in the UEFA Cup that ensured rehabilitation. After a two-legged victory in the first and second leg with a total of 2-0 goals in qualifying for the group stage against Molde FK , the Rangers became the first Scottish club to succeed in this newly structured cup competition after victories against AS Livorno , Maccabi Haifa and Partizan Belgrade and a draw against AJ Auxerre the further entry into the round of the last 32 teams.
Throughout the entire period, however, there were obvious signs of a lack of harmony in the squad, and cliques with Scottish players on the one hand and foreign players on the other had caused a division that ultimately culminated in an official criticism from Barry Ferguson of Le Guen's leadership style. The dispute escalated further when Ferguson commented negatively on a statement by Le Guen, in which the latter described the role of team captain in Scotland as too high compared to that in France. Le Guen then withdrew from Ferguson on January 1, 2007, and shortly after protests by some Rangers fans following a game at FC Motherwell, the departure of Le Guen was announced on January 4, 2007 by "mutual agreement" with the club management.
Walter Smith: The Return of the Successful Coach (2007-2011)
After the departure of Paul Le Guen, the return of former coach Walter Smith was announced only six days later , from now on the former player Ally McCoist was appointed as an assistant. The Scottish Football Association had confirmed that the coaching duo, which had meanwhile been active for the Scottish national team, would be available for the job with the Rangers.
The 2006/07 season ended without a title win, but the influence of Smith had an immediate positive effect, as the team had to accept only two defeats in the league by the end of the season. With a total of ten new players, he managed to qualify for the group stage of the Champions League 2007/08 with a newly formed team, after FK Zeta and Red Star Belgrade had been eliminated in the qualifying games . In Group E, where the Rangers faced FC Barcelona , Olympique Lyon and VfB Stuttgart , the club finally took third place and moved to the third round of the UEFA Cup . After the Rangers Panathinaikos eliminated Athens , Werder Bremen , Sporting Lisbon and Fiorentina , they faced the Russian champions Zenit St. Petersburg in the final on May 14, 2008 in Manchester / England , where they lost the game 2-0 .
After city rivals "Celtic" won three championship titles in a row in the 2005/06 to 2007/08 seasons, the "Rangers" succeeded in crowning themselves Scottish champions for the 52nd time in the 2008/2009 season. A sovereign 3-0 win on the last day of the season against Dundee United manifested the 52nd championship of the Smith troops.
At the beginning of the 2009/10 season , the Rangers had to downsize their squad for cost reasons. Apart from the loan of Jérôme Rothen , no new player was signed. After the team finished the preliminary round of the Champions League with only 2 points, they were still able to generate a profit of £ 13 million. The Rangers won the Scottish League Cup that season. Kenny Miller scored the winning goal in the cup final against FC St. Mirren. On May 15, 2011, the team from Glasgow secured their 54th league title.
Ally McCoist (2011-2014)
After winning the 2011 league title, Walter Smith left the active stage, and assistant coach Ally McCoist took over. He was cheered by many because he promised to act more aggressively internationally. This was well received by fans as Walter Smith preferred the 4-5-1 system in European games.
McCoist's start wasn't exactly a success. After the usual tour of Germany in the summer of 2011, in which they lost all three games (0: 1 against Sportfreunde Lotte , 0: 3 against VfL Bochum and a 0: 2 against Bayer 04 Leverkusen ), only the fourth competitive game was won with 2-0 at St. Johnstone FC . Previously they had only played 1-1 against the Heart of Midlothian in the league , and they surprisingly failed in the third qualifying round of the Champions League at the Swedish club Malmö FF . In the Europa League playoffs one failed to NK Maribor from Slovenia.
In 2014 McCoist won promotion to the Scottish Championship with the Rangers, the second highest division in Scotland. Persistent differences with the club's management at the time meant that he submitted his resignation in December 2014 and was replaced a little later by the then assistant coach Kenny McDowell. He directs the team's fortunes until Stuart McCall took over the Rangers until the end of the season in March 2015.
Stuart McCall (2014)
After the club was taken over by the investor group around Dave King and Paul Murray, the former midfielder Stuart McCall was hired as an interim coach until the end of the season. In the years 1991 to 1998 he had previously won 6 championship titles, 3 Scottish FA trophies and 2 league cups with the Rangers, and in 2007 he was inducted into the club's “Hall of Fame”. Before his engagement, he worked first as an assistant coach at Sheffield United , then as head coach at Bradford City and finally FC Motherwell , which he led to European competitions for three years in a row. He also acted as assistant coach for the Scottish national team under Gordon Strachan. McCall appointed another former Rangers player to be his assistant, Kenny Black. Together they were able to lead the team to the last round of the play-offs for the Premiership, but were subject to the final round in both games.
The contracts with the two coaches were not renewed and Stuart McCall returned to his first professional club as a coach in the summer of 2016.
Bankruptcy of the operating company and graduation to the fourth highest division
Due to economic difficulties - in particular a legal dispute with the British tax authorities - the club applied to the competent court in Edinburgh on February 13, 2012 to open insolvency proceedings. This was due to outstanding tax payments (VAT and PAYE) of £ 9 million. The insolvency administrator Duff and Phelps commissioned by the operating company of the club ( The Rangers Football Club plc ) and the then owner Craig Whyte then began insolvency proceedings. The creditors could not agree on an acceptable solution and therefore after the transfer of all rights and ownership of the club, the operating company "Rangers Football Club plc", founded in 1899, was dissolved from the club; This will be dissolved following the insolvency proceedings at a given point in time. Under the investor consortium of Charles Green, to which the rights and shares of the clubs were transferred as part of the insolvency proceedings, the club endeavored for the new operating company for the 2012/13 season - initially trading under the name "Sevco Scotland Limited", then registered as "The Rangers Football Club Limited" - to obtain a license in Scottish professional gaming. As the club's management and the insolvency administrator had made clear, the club itself and its history were not affected by the change in operating company, even if the media did not always clearly distinguish between the club and the (insolvent) operating company. After the clubs of the Scottish Premier League had voted in early July 2012 to exclude the Rangers from this league, the Scottish Football League decided on July 13 after a meeting lasting several hours to incorporate the Rangers into the Scottish Football League Third Division according to their statutes and thus to be included in the fourth highest Scottish league. Thus, the Rangers played in the fourth division in the 2012/13 season .
There the Rangers completed their first home game of the season against FC East Stirlingshire in front of a world record crowd of 49,118 spectators for a game of a fourth football league. They improved this record in the Glasgow derby against Queen's Park FC on October 20, 2012 to 49,463 and again in December of the same year against Stirling Albion , when 49,913 spectators attended the game. By winning the championship, the team went straight to the newly founded Scottish League One , the third highest class.
On March 12, 2014, the team secured the title with a 3-0 win against Airdrieonians FC and played the 2014/15 season in the second division, the Scottish Championship .
In the following year, the Rangers reached third place and thus qualified for the relegation games for a place for the following Scottish Premiership season. After two wins against Queen of the South and Hibernian Edinburgh , the Rangers had to admit defeat in the third and final round against FC Motherwell 6-1 on aggregate and thus missed promotion. This succeeded in the following season 2015/16 .
Club supporters and rivalries
By far the most intense rivalry is between the Rangers and their city rivals Celtic . This derby constellation is known as the " Old Firm ". The supporters of the Rangers come mostly from Protestant Unionist families and the team usually takes on the colors of the Union Jack in blue jerseys, white shorts and red and black socks.
The origin of this competition with Celtic, which goes beyond the sporting boundaries, lies in a large wave of immigration that developed from Ireland towards the economically prosperous Glasgow at the end of the 19th century. Both the Rangers and the Celtic, the association of the Catholic Irish, founded in 1888, quickly demarcated themselves within their communities, with the Rangers even establishing an "unwritten law" that largely prevented Catholic players from joining their own ranks. In addition to the religious component, the reasons for this isolation were primarily to be found in the fact that large parts of the British-influenced upper class of Glasgow saw the “Celts” and their confession of their Irish origins as a provocation. The reluctance was also due to economic reasons, as many of the “locals” who belong to the middle class felt increasingly threatened by unemployment and social decline as a result of the massive influx of immigrants. It was not until Graeme Souness openly opposed it around 100 years later and ended with the commitment of the former Celtic player Mo Johnston the personnel policy, which was understood as discrimination, not to sign any player from the ranks of the Catholics. Although a small number of Catholics had previously played for the Rangers, Johnston marked the first engagement of an openly Catholic player since World War I.
In the recent past, both the Rangers and Celtic, together with religious organizations and the Scottish government, have taken initiatives against religiously motivated violence, notably through support for the charity Nil by Mouth, which was founded in 1995. On the side of the churches, the Scottish Parliament, schools and community organizations, both clubs have made efforts to prevent religiously motivated slurs and the burning of opposing flags, as well as to detect and exclude “problem fans” through a greater density of surveillance.
Following an investigation, on April 12, 2006, UEFA reprimanded Rangers for the behavior of their fans in both games against Villarreal in the Champions League and fined the club. Previously, in the second leg in Spain on March 7, 2006, Rangers supporters attacked the opposing team's bus and smashed a pane in the process. However, the association was acquitted of the accusation of “discriminatory fan chants”. UEFA appealed against this decision and was finally confirmed in part by its auditing authority, including a warning to the Rangers regarding future misconduct. On June 9, 2006, the Rangers club management, together with representatives of some fan clubs, announced a joint approach to the implementation of the UEFA requirements, which required tangible action against religiously motivated behavior by its own supporters and control of activities through regular statistical surveys. From now on, before every game, vicious chants and any form of performance of the discriminatory song " Billy Boys " should be explicitly prohibited with an official announcement .
After further turmoil surrounding the Rangers' round of 16 encounter in March 2007 against CA Osasuna , UEFA announced new investigations into the club. The Rangers Fan Association noted that this misconduct was limited to a small group of people who did not care how often they were told [to stop disparaging chants] because they simply did not listen. In September 2007, UEFA finally praised the measures taken by the Rangers against fanaticism within their own ranks. At the Champions League away game in Barcelona and the UEFA Cup final in Manchester, however, there were renewed riots.
There are fan friendships with Hamburger SV , FC Chelsea and FC Linfield . These clubs are together with the Rangers because of the identical club colors in fan circles also known as the "Blues Brothers". In addition, there has been a certain rapprochement with Liverpool FC in the past , after fans of both clubs took part in a joint campaign to commemorate the football disasters in Ibrox and Hillsborough , in which numerous Rangers and Reds fans were killed.
people
Coaching staff
As of July 19, 2018
| position | Surname |
|---|---|
| Trainer |
 Steven Gerrard
|
| Assistant coach |
 Gary McAllister
|
| Goalkeeping coach |
Colin Stewart
|
Squad of the 2020/21 season
As of July 31, 2020
| No. | Nat. | Surname | birthday | in the team since | Contract until | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| goal | ||||||||
| 1 |
|
Allan McGregor | 01/31/1982 | 2018 | 2021 | |||
| 26th |
|
Andy Firth | 09/26/1996 | 2019 | 2021 | |||
| 33 |
|
Jon McLaughlin | 09/09/1987 | 2020 | 2022 | |||
| Defense | ||||||||
| 2 |
|
James Tavernier 
|
10/31/1991 | 2015 | 2022 | |||
| 3 |
|
Calvin Bassey | December 31, 1999 | 2020 | ||||
| 4th |
|
George Edmundson | 08/31/1997 | 2019 | 2023 | |||
| 5 |
|
Filip Helander | 04/22/1993 | 2019 | 2023 | |||
| 6th |
|
Connor Goldson | 12/18/1992 | 2018 | 2022 | |||
| 16 |
|
Nathan Patterson | 10/16/2001 | 2009 | 2021 | |||
| 19th |
|
Nikola Katic | 10/10/1996 | 2018 | 2023 | |||
| 25th |
|
Leon Balogun | 06/28/1988 | 2020 | 2021 | |||
| 31 |
|
Borna Barišić | 11/10/1992 | 2018 | 2022 | |||
| midfield | ||||||||
| 7th |
|
Ianis Hagi | 10/22/1998 | 2020 | ||||
| 8th |
|
Ryan Jack | 02/27/1992 | 2017 | 2023 | |||
| 10 |
|
Steven Davis | 01/01/1985 | 2019 | ||||
| 17th |
|
Joe Aribo | 07/21/1996 | 2019 | 2023 | |||
| 18th |
|
Glen Kamara | 10/28/1995 | 2019 | 2023 | |||
| 24 |
|
Greg Stewart | 03/17/1990 | 2019 | 2021 | |||
| 27 |
|
Greg Docherty | 09/10/1996 | 2018 | 2021 | |||
| 28 |
|
Ross McCrorie | 03/18/1998 | 2021 | ||||
| 34 |
|
Lewis Mayo | 03/19/2000 | 2007 | 2021 | |||
| 36 |
|
Jamie Barjonas | 01/24/1999 | 2008 | 2021 | |||
| 37 |
|
Scott Arfield | 11/01/1988 | 2018 | 2022 | |||
| 40 |
|
Glenn Middleton | 01/01/2000 | 2018 | 2021 | |||
| Storm | ||||||||
| 9 |
|
Jermain Defoe | 07.10.1982 | 2019 | 2021 | |||
| 14th |
|
Ryan Kent | 11/11/1996 | 2018 | 2023 | |||
| 15th |
|
Jamie Murphy | 08/28/1989 | 2018 | 2021 | |||
| 20th |
|
Alfredo Morelos | 06/21/1996 | 2017 | 2023 | |||
| 21st |
|
Brandon Barker | 04/10/1996 | 2019 | 2022 | |||
| 22nd |
|
Jordan Jones | October 24, 1994 | 2019 | 2023 | |||
| - |
|
Kemar Roofe | 01/06/1993 | 2020 | 2024 | |||
Awarded Players
|
Records
society
- Highest attendance (all games)
- 143,570 spectators, March 27, 1948, versus Hibernian Edinburgh
- Highest number of spectators (league games)
- 118,567 spectators, January 2, 1939, against Celtic
- Highest victories
14-2 v Whitehill, Scottish FA Cup , September 29, 1883
14-2 v Blairgowrie, Scottish FA Cup , January 20, 1934
13-0 against Possilpark, Scottish FA Cup , October 6, 1877
13-0 against Uddingston, Scottish FA Cup , November 10, 1877
13-0 against Kelvinside Athletic, Scottish FA Cup , September 28, 1889
- Biggest win in the league
10-0 against FC Hibernian on December 24, 1898
10-2 v Raith Rovers , December 16, 1967
- Biggest loss (all games)
- 1-7 versus Celtic , Scottish League Cup , October 19, 1957
- Biggest defeat (league games)
- 0-6 v Dumbarton FC on May 4, 1892
- When the club played in the Scottish Third Division (2012/13 season) a world record was set for the most spectators at a game of this level: On August 18, 2012, 49,118 spectators came to the Rangers game against FC East Stirlingshire .
player
- Most games (all competitions)
-
John Greig - 755 (1960-1978)
Dougie Gray played 940 games between 1925 and 1947, but 385 of them were during World War II and are therefore not officially rated.
- Most games in the league
-
Sandy Archibald - 513 (1917-1934)
- Top scorer (all competitions)
-
Ally McCoist - 355 (1983-1998)
Jimmy Smith scored 381 goals between 1929 and 1946, but 102 of them were during World War II and are therefore not officially rated.
- Top scorer in the league
-
Ally McCoist - 251 (1983-1998)
- Most games in European competitions
-
Barry Ferguson - 82 (1998-2003 and 2004-2009)
- Highest transfer fee received for
-
Alan Hutton - £ 9 million (2008, Tottenham Hotspur )
- Highest transfer fee paid for
-
Goals André Flo - £ 12.5 million (2001, Chelsea )
Top 10 after appearances and goals
(As of December 18, 2010; all competitive games are taken into account)
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Trainer
| Surname | nationality | period | league | Cup | League Cup | UEFA | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| William Wilton |
Scotland
|
1899-1920 | 8th | 1 | - | - | 9 |
| Bill Struth |
Scotland
|
1920-1954 | 18th | 10 | 2 | - | 30th |
| Scot Symon |
Scotland
|
1954-1967 | 6th | 5 | 4th | - | 15th |
| David White |
Scotland
|
1967-1969 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| William Waddell |
Scotland
|
1969-1972 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| Jock Wallace |
Scotland
|
1972-1988 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 8th |
| John Greig |
Scotland
|
1978-1983 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 4th |
| Jock Wallace |
Scotland
|
1983-1986 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| Graeme Souness |
Scotland
|
1986-1991 | 3 | 0 | 4th | 0 | 7th |
| Walter Smith |
Scotland
|
1991-1998 | 7th | 3 | 3 | 0 | 13 |
| Dick Advocaat |
 Netherlands
|
1998-2001 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 5 |
| Alex McLeish |
Scotland
|
2001-2006 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 7th |
| Paul Le Guen |
 France
|
2006-2007 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Walter Smith |
Scotland
|
2007-2011 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 8th |
| Ally McCoist |
Scotland
|
2011-2014 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| Mark Warburton |
England
|
2015-2017 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Pedro Caixinha |
 Portugal
|
2017 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Graeme Murty |
Scotland
|
2017-2018 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Steven Gerrard |
England
|
2018– | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
In the meantime, as a trainer were active Willie Thornton (two games in 1969), Tommy McLean (four games in 1983), Alex Totten (a game in 1986), Walter Smith (two games in 1986), Ian Durrant (a game in 2007), Kenny McDowall (10 Games 2014-2015), Stuart McCall (17 games in 2015), Graeme Murty (six games in 2017), and Jimmy Nicholl (three games in 2018).
Club captains
|
|
The best eleven in the club's history (1999)
-
Andy Goram
-
John Greig - Voted Best Ranger
-
Terry Butcher
-
Richard Gough
-
Sandy Jardine
-
Davie Cooper
-
Jim Baxter - Voted 3rd Best Ranger
-
Paul Gascoigne
-
Brian Laudrup - Voted Best Foreign Ranger -
Mark Hateley
-
Ally McCoist - Voted Second Best Ranger
Scottish Football Hall of Fame
As of 2019, 33 players who have been with Rangers in their career have been inducted into the Scottish Football Hall of Fame
-
John Greig - First recorded in 2004
-
Graeme Souness - first recorded in 2004
-
Sir Alex Ferguson - first recorded in 2004
-
Jim Baxter - first recorded in 2004
-
Willie Woodburn - first recorded in 2004
-
Alex McLeish - recorded in 2005
-
Willie Waddell - recorded 2005
-
George Young - recorded in 2005
-
Alan Morton - recorded 2005
-
Davie Cooper - recorded 2006
-
Brian Laudrup - recorded in 2006
-
Sandy Jardine - recorded in 2006
-
Willie Henderson - recorded 2006
-
Richard Gough - recorded in 2006
-
Walter Smith - recorded 2007
-
Ally McCoist - recorded in 2007
-
Eric Caldow - recorded 2007
-
Derek Johnstone - recorded in 2008
-
Bill Struth - recorded in 2008
-
David Meiklejohn - recorded 2009
-
Mo Johnston - recorded in 2009
-
Andy Goram - recorded 2010
-
Robert Smyth McColl - recorded 2011
-
Terry Butcher - recorded 2011
-
Bob McPhail - recorded in 2012
-
Scot Symon - recorded in 2013
-
Davie Wilson - recorded 2014
-
Bobby Brown - recorded in 2015
-
Jock Wallace - recorded in 2016
-
Archie Knox - recorded in 2018
-
Ian McMillan - recorded 2018
-
Tommy McLean - recorded in 2019
-
Colin Stein - recorded 2019
Scottish Football Roll of Honor
Players who have played 50 or more international matches for the Scottish national football team are accepted here. The following ten players made international appearances while playing for Rangers:
-
David Weir - recorded 2006, 69 caps
-
Kenny Miller - recorded 2010, 69 caps
-
Christian Dailly - recorded in 2003, 67 caps
-
Richard Gough - recorded in 1990, 61 caps
-
Ally McCoist - recorded 1996, 61 caps
-
George Young - recorded 1956, 54 caps
-
Graeme Souness - recorded 1985, 54 caps
-
Colin Hendry - recorded 2001, 51 caps
-
Steven Naismith - recorded 2019, 51 caps
-
Alan Hutton - recorded 2016, 50 caps
Sporting successes
- European Cup Winners' Cup : 1
- European Cup Winners' Cup finalist: 2
- UEFA Cup finalist : 1
-
Scottish Championship : 54 (record)
- 1891 (together with FC Dumbarton ), 1899 , 1900 , 1901 , 1902 , 1911 , 1912 , 1913 , 1918 , 1920 , 1921 , 1923 , 1924 , 1925 , 1927 , 1928 , 1929 , 1930 , 1931 , 1933 , 1934 , 1935 , 1937 , 1939 , 1947 , 1949 , 1950 , 1953 , 1956 , 1957 , 1959 , 1961 , 1963 , 1964 , 1975 , 1976 , 1978 , 1987 , 1989 , 1990 , 1991 , 1992 , 1993 , 1994 , 1995 , 1996 , 1997 , 1999 , 2000 , 2003 , 2005 , 2009 , 2010 , 2011
- 32 × runner-up
- Scottish FA Cup : 33
- Scottish League Cup : 27 (record)
-
Glasgow International Exhibition Cup : 1
- 1901
-
Scottish War Emergency Cup : 1st
- 1940
- Drybrough Cup : 1st
Lower Leagues
- Scottish Championship : 1
- Scottish League One : 1
- Scottish Football League Third Division : 1
- Scottish League Challenge Cup : 1st
Web links
References and footnotes
- ^ Rangers International Football Club plc. In: londonstockexchange.com. London Stock Exchange , accessed July 11, 2018 .
- ^ "Total Number of Championships" (Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation)
- ^ "Glasgow Rangers - 100 Trophies" (Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation)
- ↑ Mark Bryans / Ronnie Esplin: Glasgow Rangers will play in Third Division next season. Independent News & Media PLC, July 13, 2012, accessed January 6, 2013 .
- ^ Rangers Football Club | SPFL. Retrieved July 20, 2020 .
- ↑ "A rivalry tied up in religion" (BBC)
- ^ "Rangers unveil McLeish" (BBC Sport)
- ^ "Rangers win Old Firm final" (BBC Sport)
- ↑ "Rangers retain CIS Cup" (BBC Sport)
- ↑ Rangers crowned SPL champions (BBC Sport)
- ↑ Rangers complete Treble (BBC Sport)
- ^ "Rangers 5-1 Motherwell" (BBC Sport)
- ↑ "Hibernian 0-1 Rangers" (BBC Sport)
- ↑ "McLeish receives Murray's backing" (BBC Sport)
- ↑ "McLeish to leave Rangers in May" (BBC Sport)
- ↑ "Murray's moonbeam vision doomed to destruction right from the outset" (The Times)
- ^ "Clash of cultures" (BBC Sport)
- ^ "Ferguson anger at Le Guen comment" (BBC Sport)
- ^ "Le Guen and Rangers part company" (BBC Sport)
- ^ "Rangers' Smith approach revealed" (BBC Sport)
- ↑ The Rangers cheer - championship title number 54! , (Foosball sports magazine). Retrieved May 15, 2011.
- ^ "Ally McCoist - Former Rangers Managers" Rangers.co.uk
- ^ "Stuart McCall - Former Rangers Managers" Rangers.co.uk
- ^ "Stuart McCall returns to Bradford City" Telegraph & Argus
- ↑ Scottish record champions before bankruptcy , (Focus). Retrieved February 13, 2012.
- ↑ Rangers Football Club enters administration (BBC News)
- ↑ Administrator Statement - CVA ( Memento June 16, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) (Rangers FC), Retrieved July 20, 2020
- ↑ It's a deal - Green Consortioum takes over ( Memento of June 16, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) (Rangers FC), Retrieved July 20, 2020
- ^ No loss of history ( Memento from July 1, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) (Rangers FC), accessed July 20, 2020
- ↑ Crunch meetings in next 48 hours ( Memento from March 9, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) (Rangers FC), accessed July 20, 2020
- ↑ Tobias Kuske: League excludes Glasgow Rangers. Sponsors Verlags GmbH, July 5, 2012, accessed on July 14, 2012 .
- ↑ German press agency : The Rangers fall into the fourth division . In: Stuttgarter Zeitung . July 14, 2012, p. 40 .
- ↑ Lukas Stelmaszyk: Scottish football on the ground: Rangers in league four. (No longer available online.) Sponsors Verlags GmbH, July 13, 2012, archived from the original on September 24, 2015 ; Retrieved July 14, 2012 . Retrieved July 20, 2020
- ^ SFL clubs vote to place Newco Rangers in Third Division , Scotsman. Retrieved July 13, 2012.
- ↑ World record setting for Rangers in fourth division , derstandard.at. Retrieved August 18, 2012.
- ↑ Rangers 2 Queen's Park 0 . Archived from the original on October 23, 2012. Retrieved July 20, 2020
- ↑ Rangers 2 Stirling 1 .
- ↑ Glasgow Rangers prematurely champions in the third division sport.orf.at
- ↑ The Rangers are back - not everyone is happy. Kicker-Sportmagazin, April 5, 2016, accessed on April 7, 2016 .
- ↑ Christian Eichler: Cultivated hostility. Celtic vs. Rangers: The cup draw brings together what no longer belongs together, but still needs each other . In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung of January 30, 2015, p. 32.
- ^ Translation of the quote from A Manager's Diary by Graeme Souness (Mainstream, 1989); P. 18: “For years the Rangers have been pilloried for what the majority of the people saw as discrimination against a population group. Now we've shown that this unwritten law is over in Ibrox. It is over. Done."
- ^ "Graeme Souness prayed I would be the first Catholic to join Rangers" (Daily Record)
- ↑ "Rangers try to avert title 'nightmare'" ( Memento of 13 November 2007 at the Internet Archive ) July 20 (The Herald), Retrieved 2020
- ↑ Catholics who had played for the Rangers before Johnston were, for example, Pat Lafferty (1886), Tom Dunbar (1891–1892), J. Tutty (1899–1900), Archie Kyle (1904-08), Willie Kivlichan (1906-07), Colin Mainds (1906-07), Tom Murray (1907-08), William Brown (1912), Joe Donnachie (circa 1914-1918) and John Jackson (1917). Then Laurie Blyth (1951-1952), Don Kitchenbrand (1955-1956), Hugh O'Neill (1976), John Spencer (1985-1992) were part of the team. (Bill Murray, The Old Firm - Sectarianism, Sport and Society in Scotland (John Donald Publishers, 1984) pp. 64–65)
- ↑ Kuper, Simon (1996). Football Against the Enemy Orion, 2006. ISBN 0-7528-4877-1
- ^ Scotland's Leading Anti-Sectarian Charity. NMB, 2020, accessed July 20, 2020 (UK English).
- ↑ "Who's getting cuffed today?" ( Memento of 30 August 2008 at the Internet Archive ) 20th (Sunday Herald), Accessed July 2020
- ↑ a b "Rangers handed fine"
- ↑ "Rangers appeal upheld" (UEFA)
- ^ "Joint Supporter / Club Statement" ( Memento from January 4, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) (Glasgow Rangers), accessed July 20, 2020
- ↑ "Uefa set to probe Gers Euro tie" (BBC Sport)
- ↑ "Uefa praises Rangers for action on bigotry" (The Times)
- ↑ "Rangers fans riot in Barcelona" (ORF)
- ^ Riot after the UEFA Cup final ( Memento from April 12, 2013 in the web archive archive.today ) (ARD)
- ↑ hsv1887.de (HSV1887.de)
- ↑ blogs.chelseafc.com (Chelsea)
- ↑ linfieldfc.com ( Memento of April 13, 2014 on the Internet Archive ) (Linfield FC), Retrieved July 20, 2020
- ↑ liverpoolecho.co.uk (Liverpool Echo)
- ↑ Coaching Staff . In: Rangers.co.uk . Rangers FC. March 2015. Accessed March 2015.
- ↑ https://rangers.co.uk/teams/first-team/
- ^ Former Managers . Retrieved July 15, 2017.
- ↑ Hall of Fame ( Memento from November 1, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Scottish Football Museum (English)
- ^ International Roll of Honor ( en ) Scottish Football Association. Archived from the original on October 11, 2010. Retrieved January 20, 2013. Retrieved July 20, 2020