Derby (team sport)

The term derby (pronunciation in Austria always British [ ˈdɑːbɪ ], in Germany often US-American [ ˈdɜrbi ]), often also local derby , describes a team sport in which two mostly rival sports clubs of a region meet. Such events often have a high symbolic significance for the fans of the clubs concerned.

The best-known examples of football derbies are the Milan derby between AC Milan and Inter Milan, known as the Derby della Madonnina, as well as the Glasgow duel between Celtic FC and Rangers FC known as the Old Firm and the Superclásico game between Boca Juniors and River Plate in Buenos Aires . One of the most famous German derbies is the Revierderby between the two clubs Borussia Dortmund and FC Schalke 04 , which have been fighting for the rank of the best soccer team in the Ruhr area for decades . The Frankenderby between 1. FC Nürnberg and SpVgg Greuther Fürth is the longest known and most frequently held derby in Germany. In Austria , the Vienna derby between Rapid and Austria is probably the best-known example. It is the second most popular football derby in Europe after the Old Firm .

An example of a derby in a sport other than soccer is the New York Subway Series in Major League Baseball .

etymology

The term derby in the context of team sports goes back to an annual "sporting event" of medieval origin in England to this day - the Shrovetide football game . Participants are mainly residents of the village of Ashbourne in the Derbyshire region . The game is about the players trying to hit the opposing goal - a millstone - with a ball. The distance between the millstones is about three miles (around five kilometers). The Shrovetide soccer game, unlike normal soccer, has few rules and the number of players (usually up to 1000 participants) is not limited. The first verifiable football derby as we understand it today was held in Nottingham in 1866 between two of the oldest football clubs in the world, between Nottingham Forest (founded in 1865) and Notts County (founded in 1862).

Usage today

The term derby is used differently these days. In German usage, it almost exclusively stands for games between club teams; in the Anglo-Saxon region, derbies are also used for important international matches such as Scotland against England or Austria against Hungary . The expansion of top-level football into the supra-regional area has led to an increasingly inflationary use of the term in Germany over time. Duels between clubs from common regions or federal states are usually already described by the media, but also by the clubs themselves, as a "derby", even between clubs that are comparatively far apart, such as FC Bayern Munich and 1. FC Nürnberg ( Fränkisch-Bayerisches Derby ) and the VfB Stuttgart (Südderby) , Werder Bremen and Hamburger SV ( derby ) and teams from the former East German Oberliga (East Derby) . Terms such as North-South Derby (for the duel between Hamburger SV and FC Bayern Munich) show that the term is now used synonymously for a generally prestigious traditional duel.

Types of derbies

The most frequently held football derbies in Germany (from 100 games)
rank	Surname	Teams		Games	since
01.	Frankenderby	1. FC Nuremberg	SpVgg Greuther Fürth	266	1904
02.	Munich derby	TSV 1860 Munich	FC Bayern Munich	204	1902
03.	Franconian-Bavarian Derby	1. FC Nuremberg	FC Bayern Munich	192	1901
04th	Revierderby	FC Schalke 04	Borussia Dortmund	180	1925
05.	Stuttgart derby	VfB Stuttgart	Stuttgart Kickers	168	1912
06th	Northern Derby	Hamburger SV	Werder Bremen	153	1927
07th	Lower Saxony enderby	Eintracht Braunschweig	Hannover 96	147	1905
08th.	Mainderby	Eintracht Frankfurt	Kickers Offenbach	131	1920
09.	Schleswig-Holstein Derby	Holstein Kiel	VfB Lübeck	124	1919
10.	Rhenish derby	1. FC Cologne	Borussia Monchengladbach		1912
11.	Leipzig Derby	BSG Chemie Leipzig	1. FC Lokomotive Leipzig	107	1935
12.	Hamburg derby	Hamburger SV	FC St. Pauli	102	1924
As of May 16, 2020

City derbies

A city derby is the duel between two clubs from the same city. Often it is about regional dominance, the unofficial city championship, between two districts. Two outstanding examples for Europe are the Derby della Madonnina between AC Milan and Inter Milan and the Derbi madrileño between Atlético and Real Madrid , all of which have already won the World Cup .

Probably the best-known city derby in Germany since the foundation of the Bundesliga is the Munich duel between FC Bayern Munich and TSV 1860 Munich , because both clubs were represented together in the top league for a long time - a total of 18 seasons. In addition, both clubs - in contrast to other city rivals - have already won the Bundesliga championship. Another well-known city derby is the Hamburg city derby between Hamburger SV and FC St. Pauli . There were other Bundesliga city derbies between Hertha BSC and Tennis Borussia Berlin , VfB Stuttgart and Stuttgarter Kickers , VfL Bochum and SG Wattenscheid 09 as well as 1. FC Cologne and SC Fortuna Cologne . In 2019/20 there was the Berlin city derby Hertha BSC against 1. FC Union Berlin in the Bundesliga .

In Austria, the Vienna derby between SK Rapid Wien and FK Austria Wien and in Switzerland in football and ice hockey, the Zurich derby between Grasshopper Club Zurich and FC Zurich or ZSC Lions and EHC Kloten is important.

Internationally known is u. a. the Merseyside Derby in Liverpool , also known as the friendly derby . A special feature is that the two stadiums of their respective competitors Liverpool FC and Everton FC are less than a kilometer apart, separated only by a park. The rivalry between the two clubs is also linked to the home stadium of Liverpool FC, the stadium on Anfield Road , as it was originally built for Everton FC, which was founded in 1878. In 1892 the lease was increased to such an extent that the club preferred to move to Goodison Park and the stadium owner founded Liverpool FC.

The intercontinental derby (Turkish : Kıtalar Arası Derbi ) refers to the matches in football between the two most successful and popular sports clubs in Turkey, Galatasaray and Fenerbahçe . The term is derived, among other things, from the fact that the founding centers of the two Istanbul associations are located on different sides of the Bosporus . In addition, Galatasaray operates its plants with a few exceptions on the European side; For example, the Türk Telekom Arena is located in the European district of Seyrantepe . The Fenerbahçe systems, on the other hand, can be found on the Asian side. The club plays its home games in the Şükrü Saracoğlu Stadium in the Kadıköy district .

Regional derbies between two neighboring cities or within states

In addition to the competition within a city, there are also rivalries with neighboring places.

The Franconian local derby between SpVgg Greuther Fürth (until 1996: SpVgg Fürth) and 1. FC Nürnberg can be seen as the most traditional regional derby in Germany . In 266 matches, including 193 competitive games (as of June 13, 2020), the two teams from the neighboring cities, which have grown together almost completely since 1899, have already met since 1903. In the 1910s and 1920s, and again in the early 1950s, it counted to the highest class derbies in all of Germany. The mutual dislike each other is illustrated well by an anecdote from this period: in For international match on April 21, 1924 Amsterdam against the Netherlands who had DFB appointed only Fürth and Nuremberg players. They traveled there and back in the same train, but the Nuremberg players in the first and the Fürth players in the last car. Even with the winning goal to 1-0, which the Fürth player Karl Auer scored, only the Fürth teammates cheered, while the Nürnberger disappeared into the cabin immediately after the final whistle.

Games between clubs based in the Rhineland are also known as Rhenish derbies , for example , or as a district derby for duels between cities in the Ruhr area . These competitive situations have existed in some cases for several centuries and are continued in the duels of two football clubs. For example, in the case of the Lower Saxony endorsement of the two Lower Saxony clubs Hannover 96 and Eintracht Braunschweig , whose hometowns have rivaled in economic and political terms for centuries and which have only been united in one national territory for a relatively short time. In East Germany , the so-called Elb-Clásico between 1. FC Magdeburg and SG Dynamo Dresden is of outstanding importance.

In Switzerland, a canton derby is used when two teams from the same canton play against each other. In top football of the 21st century, the canton derby between FC Thun and BSC Young Boys , and in ice hockey between SC Bern and SCL Tigers , is particularly important.

Derbies related to political and religious influences

Derbies are particularly explosive, in which not only two clubs but also two worldviews supported by the respective fan groups meet. The Hamburg city ​​derby FC St. Pauli against Hamburger SV is used again and again by politically oriented fan groups as a platform for a duel between the [left] alternative scene against the HSV scene on the right . Something similar could also be observed in Berlin when Tennis Borussia Berlin played against another of the three big Berlin clubs ( Hertha BSC , 1. FC Union Berlin or BFC Dynamo ), but not as important and as important as in Hamburg.

Due to the high level of political influence on sport in the GDR , derbies were also politically explosive there, and this has also been transported into the present day. In essence, these differences are based on the GDR leadership's request to bundle the sporting potential in so-called performance centers, which ultimately led to some clubs enjoying special benefits and promotions, while the other clubs located in the region were left behind. This was expressed, for example, in Leipzig between 1. FC Lokomotive and BSG Chemie Leipzig or in the Thuringian derby between FC Carl Zeiss Jena and FC Rot-Weiß Erfurt . The tensions in the East Berlin city ​​derby between 1. FC Union Berlin and BFC Dynamo came to the fore . Union was seen as an association of workers and regime critics, while the BFC - sponsored by Erich Mielke - was in the eyes of many fans just the "Stasi club".

In addition to political, religious beliefs separate the fan camps of two teams from one another. The best-known example of this is the Glasgow duel, known as the Old Firm , between Celtic FC as a club for Catholics and Rangers FC as a club for Protestants . Besides, this game also has a political aspect. For example, Irish flags are waved in the fan blocks of the Celtic fans, based on the Celtic and Irish roots of the club, and the Union Jack (the flag of the United Kingdom ) is presented by the fans of the Rangers .

Derbies related to class differences

In Austria there is a strong rivalry between the Viennese clubs FK Austria Wien and SK Rapid Wien . The Vienna Derby is not only a result of local proximity, there are also strong ideological differences: Rapid is considered an association of the working class, Austria as an association of the bourgeoisie. The same was originally the case in the Graz derby between the SK Sturm Graz (originally working class) and the Grazer AK (originally academics association). Likewise, the Zurich derby is traditionally a dispute between a working class club ( FC Zurich ) and a civil society ( Grasshoppers Zurich ), in the first half of the 20th century the derby was still between FC St. Gallen (upper class) and SC Brühl St. Gallen (Lower class) of importance. However, these boundaries are becoming increasingly blurred due to the social mix of visitors and the association's politics.

Derbies related to disaster and violence

If there are particularly strong emotions involved, violent confrontations become more likely. Almost every derby becomes a challenge for the security forces. El Superclásico , the “Superderby”, in Buenos Aires between the River Plate and Boca Juniors clubs is considered to be one of the most explosive derbies in the world of football. Often enough the energy discharged into violence. In 1994 River Plate won the game 2-0, which led to one of the Boca fan leaders commissioning the murder of two River Plate fans. The cynical remark that could be found on Argentine television and as graffiti in the city was simply: "Empatamos", "we equalized to 2: 2". As early as June 1968, 73 people died in a mass panic at the Superclásico game River Plate against Boca Juniors and over 150 were injured when an exit was locked and the masses kept trying to leave the stadium.

In Germany, too, there have been violent clashes within the framework of football derbies, for example between FC Schalke 04 and Borussia Dortmund , 1. FC Köln and Borussia Mönchengladbach , Hamburger SV and Werder Bremen or Kickers Offenbach and Eintracht Frankfurt ( Mainderby ) . In the 90s, however, the violence and the hooligan problem shifted to the lower leagues, so that there are seldom arguments in the professional leagues (such as the Berlin - Brandenburg derby between Hertha BSC and Energie Cottbus in March 2007 or in May of the same year at the Revierderby).

As part of the East Berlin derby between the BFC Dynamo and Union Berlin in May 2006, there were also serious riots when the BFC appendix stormed the pitch during the game and tried to gain access to the guest fan block (where the Union fans were housed) To provide. The Union Block then fled the stadium. The game was canceled and in retrospect it was rated 2-0 for Union Berlin.

See also

• Football derbies in Argentina
• Football derbies in Brazil
• Football derbies in Italy
• Football derbies in Mexico

Movies

• In the derby triangle

literature

• Omar Gisler: Football Derbies - The 75 Most Football Crazy Cities in the World . Copress Sport Verlag, 2007, ISBN 978-3-7679-0883-3 .

Web links

Wiktionary: Derby  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

• Overview of existing Derby items on FIFA.com (English)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b} Jürgen Schmidt: The history of the Frankenderby. In: www.greuther-fuerth.de . SpVgg Greuther Fürth GmbH & Co. KGaA, accessed on April 16, 2009 . 
2. ↑ The history of football. In: home.datacomm.ch/barca . Penya Barcelonista Suiza Berna, accessed September 9, 2010 . 
3. ↑ Jens Kirschneck and Thorsten Schaar: When passion goes over corpses. In: Spiegel Online . February 25, 2010, accessed September 9, 2010 . 
4. ↑ The votes for the North-South Derby. FC Bayern Munich , February 28, 2010, accessed on September 9, 2010 . 
5. ↑ Michael Jahn: Third class and sold out. In: Berliner Zeitung . August 31, 1996, accessed September 9, 2010 . 
6. ↑ Christian Lehnhart: FCN vs. SpVgg: Football history for the Derby 1924 - The national team speaks Franconian. In: evening newspaper . April 19, 2013, accessed May 30, 2019 . 
7. ↑ Thomas Fröhlich: Eintracht und 96 - rivals for more than 100 years. In: Braunschweiger Zeitung . February 24, 2007, accessed June 15, 2011 . 
8. ↑ Udo Löffler: The ball has to roll - at all costs. (No longer available online.) In: Matices. 1999, archived from the original on August 23, 2010 ; accessed on January 13, 2019 .