rivalry
The expression rivalry (from French rival ; from Latin rivalis , someone who is jointly entitled to use an irrigation run, from Latin rivus “brook”) means competing opposition, courtship , competition , competition or simply incompatible interests.
Examples
Biology: internal disputes
In behavioral biology , rivalries are predominantly observed among competing males, often as part of gender-specific mating behavior .
In rivalry, hierarchy and turf battles, the boundaries between threateningly deterrent behavior and actually hurtful aggressive behavior are often blurred. If dangerous injuries result despite ritualized disputes, this may depend on the external conditions, for example if the loser has no possibility of retreat. In the case of the marsupial double-comb pouch mouse , intra-species fights in the wild are carried out in a very ritualized manner, so that they rarely result in serious injuries. If there is a lack of escape in captivity, confrontations can result in fatal neck bites.
Internal disputes do not only take place in the competition of males willing to mate, but also e.g. B. in the procurement of food, regardless of gender, as with baboons .
Economy
In economics , rival companies are expected to revitalize the markets. As an economic technical term, there are rival goods and non-rival goods , which are differentiated according to the degree of rivalry . One of countless examples is the competition between Adidas and Puma (company)
Social: Local rivalries
The term is also used for traditional hostility towards cities, such as between Düsseldorf and Cologne , between Mainz and Wiesbaden , between Villach and Klagenfurt or between Basel and Zurich, which these days are mostly carried out verbally in folklore.
Sports
There are similar dislike relationships among football clubs or their supporters as between places as a whole, the opposite of fan friendship . This rivalry can also be used as a pretext for aggressive acts such as hooligans, and clubs can use the right communication policies to prevent aggression between rival fans. In sport, rivals are characterized by a certain love-hate relationship.
- Derby (team sport)
- Dutch-German football rivalry
- Rivalry between Manchester United and Liverpool FC
- Revierderby between FC Schalke 04 and Borussia Dortmund ,
Web links
Single receipts
- ↑ Origin dictionary : rival . Retrieved June 11, 2014.
- ↑ Duden: Rivalry . Retrieved June 11, 2014.
- ↑ Arch- rivals in DUDEN online
- ↑ Harman VS Peeke, Shirley C. Peeke: Rival behavior and the elicitation of aggression at the boundary and inside the territory of a convict cichlid: A methodological note. (PDF) In: Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society 14, No. 2, 1979, pp. 138-140.
- ↑ Heather Aslin: The behavior of Dasyuroides byrnei (Marsupialia) in captivity. In: Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie 35, No. 2, 1974, pp. 187-208, doi: 10.1111 / j.1439-0310.1974.tb00443.x .
- ↑ Hans Kummer, Fred Kurt: Social units of a free-living population of hamadryas baboons. In: Folia Primatologica 1, No. 1, 1963, pp. 4-19, doi: 10.1159 / 000164877 .
- ^ Glenn C. Loury : Market structure and innovation. In: The Quarterly Journal of Economics 1979, pp. 395-410.
- ^ Johannes Berendt & Sebastian Uhrich: Rivalry and Fan Aggression. Retrieved March 14, 2018 .
- ↑ Tim Pommerenke: Emotions in football: Why Werder fans don't want HSV to be relegated . In: Spiegel Online . March 2, 2018 ( spiegel.de [accessed March 14, 2018]).