Alexander Alexandrovich Bogdanov

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Alexander Bogdanov

Alexander Alexandrowitsch Bogdanow ( Russian Александр Александрович Богданов ; actually Alexander Alexandrowitsch Malinowski ; * August 10th July / August 22nd  1873 greg. In Sokalko ; † April 7th 1928 in Moscow ), doctor by profession, was a Russian philosopher, economist Sociologist and writer of utopian novels . He also became known under the name Maximov .

biography

Bogdanov, the son of a country teacher, was the second of six children. After graduating from high school in Tula in 1892, he began studying science at Moscow University, where he was arrested for illegal political activity and sent to Tula. There he took part in the work of social democratic circles and was a member of the SDAPR from 1896 . After the Second Party Congress of the RSDLP in 1903, he joined the Bolsheviks . On the III. At the 1905 party congress he was elected a member of the Central Committee. There he was a member of the finance group and responsible for the literature work .

Bogdanow was part of the editorial team of the newspapers Vperjod (Forward), Proletari (The Proletarian) and Novaya Shizn (New Life). He took part in the 5th (London) Party Congress of the RSDLP. Between 1904 and 1906 he published three volumes of the philosophical work Empiriomonismus , in which he tried to combine Marxism with the philosophies of Ernst Mach , Wilhelm Ostwald and Richard Avenarius . His later work influenced many Marxist theorists, including Nikolai Bukharin . Lenin wrote his philosophical treatise Materialism and Empirio-Criticism (1909) against Bogdanov's empiricism .

After the revolution of 1905/1907 in Russia, ideological conflicts arose with Lenin . Bogdanov founded the newspaper Vperjod (Forward) in 1909 and was at the head of the Otzovists. Since he turned against the party line, he was expelled from the party at a mini-conference in Paris organized by the extended editorial staff of the Proletari . The Vperiodist Bolsheviks saw themselves as the true Bolsheviks and initially enjoyed as much popularity as the Leninist line. In 1909 they founded the party school in Capri , which came about with the help of Maxim Gorky .

In 1913 Bogdanov returned to Moscow as a result of the amnesty . In 1917 he founded the Socialist Academy for Social Sciences with Lunacharsky , Pokrowski , Basarow and Skworzow and became a member of the commission for the translation and publication of the Marx-Engels works . From 1918 he was one of the organizers of the "proletarian culture" ( Proletkult ), in which the workers should be enabled an independent cultural and educational movement. He also tried to create his own organizational theory of industrial organizational forms.

He also dealt with futuristic narratives, which he published. His novel The Red Planet is a modern socialist utopia in which feminist themes are also present. Kim Stanley Robinson was inspired by Bogdanow for his novella Red Mars and also created a character similar to his name.

Shortly before the First World War , Bogdanow created with his monumental tectology a broad-based theory of the dynamics of world organization , which can also be considered as a system theory , a crisis and catastrophe theory, a theory of sustainability and a global cultural theory. An important concern for him was to keep humanity from falling below a cultural standard, to prevent a global leveling and adjustment downwards. He feared a relapse of civilizations into elemental barbarism.

From 1920 Bogdanow worked as a professor of political economy at the Communist Academy, from 1926 he held the post of director of the Institute for Blood Transfusions he founded . Alexander Bogdanow died in 1928 during a scientific self-experiment of blood exchange as a kind of "medical fountain of youth". He performed a total of twelve transfusions on himself.

Works

The Red Star (1923)
  • “The basic elements of the historical conception of nature. Nature - Life - Psyche - Society. “1899.
  • “From the psychology of society.” Dorowatowski and Tscharuschnikow , St. Petersburg 1904.
  • "Empiriomonism." Book 1–3, 1905–1907.
  • "The Land of Idols and the Philosophy of Marxism". In: Otscherki po filossofi marxisma. Serno Publishing House, St. Petersburg 1908.
  • "The red planet." 1908.
    • German: The red star. A utopian novel. Translated from the Russian by Hermynia ZurMühlen . Verlag der Jugendinternationale, Berlin 1923
    • again: the red star. A utopian novel. Makol, Frankfurt am Main 1972.
    • again: the red star. A classic science fiction novel. Heyne, Munich 1974, ISBN 3-453-30298-2 .
    • again: the red star. A utopian novel. Luchterhand, Darmstadt 1982, ISBN 3-472-61431-5 .
    • again: the red planet. Utopian novel. Verlag Volk und Welt, Berlin 1984.
    • also: the red planet. Utopian novel. Book Club 65 special edition (Verlag Volk und Welt) 1984.
    • again: the red star. European University Press, Bremen 2010, ISBN 978-3-86741-197-4 .
    • Full text .
  • "The Philosophy of Living Experience." 1913.
  • "The engineer Manny." 1913.
  • "The Science of Social Consciousness." 1914.
  • “What is proletarian poetry?” In: пролетарская культура - Proletarskaja kultura. 1918.
    • German: What is proletarian poetry. In: Ders .: The art and the proletariat. The Centaur, Leipzig 1919.
    • again in: Russian correspondence. Volume 1, No. 11, August 1920, pp. 447-453; further follow-up prints in various publications, also shortened; translations in other languages.
    • again as: The banner of the "Proletkult". In: Aesthetics & Communication . Amounts for political education. Jg. 2, 1972, H. 5–6 (focus issue Proletkult), pp. 76–84 (comprehensive discussion of Bogdanow in the preface to the corresponding chapter and in the detailed note on text 2, in particular on the origin of his thoughts; in others It is also a topic for contributions from the focus).
  • Short Course of Economics Science. [Brief outline of economics] London: Communist Party of Great Britain , 1923 digitized (rev. Ed. 1925)
  • General organizational theory. 2 volumes. Organization publishing company, Berlin 1926/1928.

literature

  • Hans Joachim Alpers , Werner Fuchs , Ronald M. Hahn : Reclam's science fiction guide. Reclam, Stuttgart 1982, ISBN 3-15-010312-6 , p. 48 f.
  • John Biggart, Peter Dudley: Alexander Bogdanov and the Origins of Systems Thinking in Russia. The Proceedings of a Conference at the University of East Anglia. Ashgate Publishing Group, 1996/1998, ISBN 1-85972-678-X .
  • Vladimir Gakov, John Clute : Bogdanov, Alexander. In: John Clute, Peter Nicholls : The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction . 3rd edition (online edition), version dated April 4, 2017.
  • Dietrich Grille : Lenin's rival. Bogdanov and his philosophy. Science and politics, Cologne 1966 DNB 456805079 (Dissertation University of Marburg).
  • Rolf-Dieter Kluge : Alexander A. Bogdanow (Malinowskij) as a science fiction author. In: Wolfgang Kasack (Hrsg.): Science-fiction in Eastern Europe. Contributions to Russian, Polish and Czech fantastic literature (= Eastern European Studies , Volume 14), Berlin Verlag A. Spitz , Berlin 1984, pp. 26–37, ISBN 3-87061-256-8 .
  • Maja Soboleva: Aleksandr Bogdanov and the philosophical discourse in Russia at the beginning of the 20th century. On the history of Russian positivism. Georg Olms, Hildesheim 2007 ISBN 978-3-487-13373-7 .
  • Sergej Vasil'evič Utechin: Philosophy and Society. Alexander Bogdanov. In: The revisionism. Edited by Leopold Labedz, Kiepenheuer & Witsch, Cologne 1965, pp. 149–161, DNB 454005474 .
  • GA Wetter : The Empiriomonism of Bogdanov. In: The dialectical materialism. Its history and system in the Soviet Union. Freiburg 1953, pp. 102-110

Web links

Wikisource: Alexander Alexandrowitsch Bogdanow  - Sources and full texts
Commons : Alexander Bogdanov  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Danny Kringiel - Deadly inventions, struck by your own flash of inspiration. In: www.spiegel.de. 2012, accessed January 21, 2016 .
personal data
SURNAME Bogdanov, Alexander Alexandrovich
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Malinowski, Alexander Alexandrovich; Bogdanov, Aleksandr; Богданов, Александр Александрович (Russian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Russian philosopher, economist, sociologist, doctor
DATE OF BIRTH August 22, 1873
PLACE OF BIRTH Sokalko
DATE OF DEATH April 7, 1928
Place of death Moscow