Julius Martow
Julius Ossipowitsch Martow ( Russian Юлий Осипович Мартов , originally Zederbaum , Цедербаум ; born November 24, 1873 in Constantinople , † April 4, 1923 in Schömberg ) was a Russian politician and spokesman for the Mensheviks in the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party .
Life
Julius Martow came from a middle-class Jewish family, his sister Lidija Dan also became a Menshevik. In 1895, together with Lenin , he founded the Petersburg Combat League for the Liberation of the Working Class , one of the first political workers' organizations in Russia . In December 1895 he was arrested as a member of the Kampfbund and was exiled in Turukhansk, Siberia , between 1897 and 1900 . In December 1900 he co-founded the newspaper of the SDAPR, Iskra (German Der Funke ), and was an editor until 1901. He emigrated in 1901.
From 1903 Martov was the spokesman for the Mensheviks in the Social Democratic Workers' Party of Russia (RSDLP), a faction that, in contrast to the faction of the Bolsheviks, relied on representative democracy and reforms instead of a revolutionary overthrow. During the Russian Revolution of 1905 , Julius Martov was a leader of the Petersburg Workers' Council .
In 1907 he went into exile again to live again in Russia from 1917 to 1920. After a dispute with Lenin over the practice of state terror, he left Russia for good. He criticized the politics of the Bolsheviks as the " dictatorship of a minority".
literature
- Oscar Blum : Russian heads. Kerensky, Plekhanov, Martov, Chernov, Savinkov-Ropschin, Lenin, Trotsky, Radek, Lunacharsky, Dzerzhinsky, Chicherin, Zinoviev, Kamenev. With 9 portraits. Schneider, Berlin 1923.
- Israel Getzler : Iulii Martov, the Leader Who Lost His Party in 1917. In: Slavonic and East European Review. 72, No. 3, 1994, pp. 424-439.
- Israel Getzler: Martov. A Political Biography of a Russian Social Democrat. Cambridge University Press, London 1967, ISBN 978-0-521-05073-9
- Robert S. Wistrich : Revolutionary Jews from Marx to Trotsky. Harap, London 1976, ISBN 0-245-52785-0 , pp. 176-189.
Web links
- Literature by and about Julius Martow in the catalog of the German National Library
- Newspaper article about Julius Martow in the 20th century press kit of the ZBW - Leibniz Information Center for Economics .
- Julius Martow Archive (en) ( de ) on marxists.org
- Article on Julius Martow on his work on Iskra and his stay in Munich on osmikon, the research portal on Eastern, Central Eastern and Southeastern Europe
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Martov, Julius |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Martow, Julius Ossipowitsch (full name); Cedar tree, Julius; Мартов, Юлий Осипович (Russian); Цедербаум (Russian) |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Russian politician and spokesman for the Mensheviks in the Social Democratic Workers' Party of Russia (RSDLP) |
| DATE OF BIRTH | November 24, 1873 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Constantinople |
| DATE OF DEATH | April 4, 1923 |
| Place of death | Schömberg |