Friedrich pupil

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Friedrich pupil

Friedrich Schüler (born August 19, 1791 in Bergzabern ; † June 26, 1873 in Metz ) was a German lawyer and democratic politician .

Live and act

Friedrich Schüler was born in Bergzabern as the son of the teacher Elias Schüler. He began his law studies at the University of Strasbourg . On April 28, 1812, he enrolled at the University of Göttingen . After graduating, he settled in Zweibrücken as a lawyer .

In 1831 he was elected as a state in the Second Chamber of the Bavarian State Assembly . Here he was on the budget committee. According to Eike Wolgast , the student was a Republican and a radical liberal with a sense of demonstrative acts. Opposing the absolutist style of government, students oppose the civil list and the arts budget. He wanted to stop the construction of the Alte and Neue Pinakothek in Munich , which he probably considered to be an arrogant use and waste of funds by the monarch. Another area of ​​his political commitment was the advocacy for the customs union between Baden and Bavaria and beyond that with the Kingdom of Prussia in order to standardize the related toll policy . Students were given a “citizen's crown”; the German grandstand and the patriotic West messengers and finally the people's sovereignty brought a Lebhoch.

First school party

After the session of the 5th Bavarian State Parliament on December 29, 1831, the representatives returned to their constituencies. The followers of Schülers from Zweibrücken-Bubenhausen organized the so-called "First Student Festival" for the returnees on January 29, 1832. Coming from France since 1830, this form of opposition event as a tribute had found approval in the German states. In addition, the banquet was an opportunity to circumvent the ban on gathering more than twenty people. To greet the “moving in” Friedrich Schüler, 102 gun salutes were fired with a mortar. The number of volleys thus exceeded the 101 usual shots for the birth of an heir to the throne or the greeting of the British monarch . The school banquet took place with 350 seats.

The opposition members who met at the feast saw themselves as patriots . Their demand was that all legitimation must be derived from popular sovereignty. If this change were to take place, it would be the foundation for “Germany's rebirth”. In his speech, Schüler took offense at the low power of the state parliament. Public opinion must exert more influence on government policy. However, this can only be achieved by the free press. In doing so, he adopted the idea of ​​the opposition, which stated that the free press was the most important instrument for achieving radical political reform - with or without a prince, that is an open question.

German Press and Fatherland Association

Schüler's speech thus gave the impetus to establish a German Fatherland Association to support the free press as a continuation of the idea put forward by Wirth . The two advocates Joseph Savoye and Ferdinand Geib together with Schüler took the provisional chairmanship on February 21 . The activities of the German Press and Fatherland Association consisted mainly of collecting money, organizing meetings, sending out protest notes and supporting writers and magazines. In the period that followed, local committees were formed in many German cities.

The association should not have existed since March 1st because of a general association ban. Schüler, Geib and Savoye appealed against the ban. In response to the government's request to sign a declaration of non-membership of "secret connections", as had already been requested from public servants, Schüler protested in an article in the "Deutsche Tribüne". Since Schüler did not sign the declaration, he was removed from the Bavarian list of attorneys in December 1832.

The Hambach Festival and student emigration

Friedrich Schüler, shown on the Hambach cloth

On May 6, 1832, the second school festival took place in Zweibrücken ; again in the same way as the first, now with 560 place settings. Already on the "1. Student Festival ”in January Siebenpfeiffer presented the plan for a large national festival. In the meantime, Siebenpfeiffer's call for “Der Deutschen Mai” for a “folk and national festival” on May 27th was available. Two days after the Zweibrücken meeting, the planned festival was banned by the new Bavarian General Commissioner Freiherr von Andrian-Werburg and a stay ban was ordered for Neustadt and the surrounding area.

Together with Savoye and Geib, Schüler prepared a legal opinion on May 11, in which the government's ban on the Hambach Festival was proven to be illegal. On May 17th, the General Commissioner was forced to revoke his ban. After this success, the Democrats renewed their invitation.

Student attended the festival and gave his speech on the afternoon of the 2nd festival day. On June 15, the government ordered the Commissioner General to arrest the speakers at the festival as treason.

Schüler avoided the threat of arrest by going to Sainte-Ruffine , a small town near Metz , to the estate of his wife Anatholie Salmon, who was wealthy in France.

Student as a member of parliament

From May 18, 1848 until the end of the rump parliament on June 18, 1849, Schüler was a member of the Frankfurt National Assembly as a deputy for Lauterecken . For a few days from June 6, 1849, as Minister of the Interior, he was a member of the powerless and only formally existing imperial government .

As early as 1831, the student was a member of the Bavarian assembly of estates. In 1849 he became a member of the Bavarian state parliament.

Participation in the revolution and exile

In 1849, Schüler did not take part in the imperial constitution campaign or in the Palatinate uprising . Nevertheless, he was charged with high treason and sentenced to death in absentia . Again he fled to Lorraine, where he stayed either on his estate in Sainte-Ruffine or in his house in downtown Metz. The Bavarian government subsequently passed a law that categorically excluded Friedrich Schüler from any amnesty. A return to Germany or even to German politics was no longer an option for students, and so he stayed in Lorraine until his death. He experienced a homecoming of a different kind, as a result of the Franco-German War the French Republic in the Treaty of Frankfurt / Main on May 10, 1871, the German-speaking territories Lorraine - actually only the Diocese of Metz - and Alsace abandoned and both the Empire Country Alsace -Lothringen returned to the German Empire founded on January 18, 1871 . Schüler's grave has been preserved to this day in the cemetery at the Catholic Church in Sainte-Ruffine; it was repaired in 2016 by the “Friends of the Siebenpfeiffer Foundation” and provided with an information board.

literature

  • Andreas Gestrich (Ed.): Friedrich Schüler (1791–1873) - "A distinguished, proud republican" , Thorbecke, Sigmaringen 2004, ISBN 978-3-7995-4907-3 (= writings of the Siebenpfeiffer Foundation , Volume 7).
  • Martin Baus: Friedrich Schüler (1791–1873), "Germans and French: So get to know each other and you will not be able to help but respect each other" - "Francais et Allemands: une fois que vous aurez fait connaissance, vous serez bien obligés de vous respecter ", ed. from the Friends of the Siebenpfeiffer Foundation, Zweibrücken / Homburg 2016 (bilingual).

Web links

Wikisource: Friedrich Schüler  - Sources and full texts

Footnotes

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h Eike Wolgast : Festivals as an expression of national and democratic opposition - Wartburg Festival 1817 and Hambach Festival 1832 . (PDF; 139 kB) (No longer available online.) P. 8 ff. , Archived from the original on February 4, 2014 ; Retrieved on March 18, 2013 (annual edition of the Society for Fraternity Facial Research 1980/81/1982, edited by Horst Bernhardi and Ernst Wilhelm Wreden , o. O./o. J., pp. 41-71).
  2. ^ Johann Georg Krünitz : economic-technological encyclopedia . tape  195 . Paulische Buchhandlung, Berlin 1848, p. 78 ff . ( limited preview in Google Book search).
  3. ^ House of Bavarian History (Bavarian State Ministry for Science, Research and Art): 5th State Parliament: 1831 (3rd electoral period 1831–1836) - session: February 20, 1831 to December 29, 1831. Retrieved on March 16, 2013 ( 6th state parliament: 1834 (3rd electoral period 1831–1836) - session: 04.03.1834-03.07.1834 ).
  4. ↑ a b Wilhelm Kreutz: Hambach 1832 . German freedom festival and harbinger of the European springtime. Ed .: State Center for Political Education Rhineland-Palatinate. Mainz 2007, p. 19th f . ( political-bildung-rlp.de [PDF; accessed on January 12, 2013]).
  5. ^ Elisabeth Fehrenbach : Constitutional State and Nation-Building 1815-1871 . Encyclopedia of German History. tape  22 . Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag GmbH, Munich 2007, ISBN 978-3-486-58217-8 , p. 14 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
  6. ^ Johann Georg August Wirth: The national festival of the Germans in Hambach . Neustadt 1832, p. 4 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
  7. ↑ Hans-Werner Hahn , Helmut Berding : Handbook of German History / Reforms, Restoration and Revolution 1806–1848 / 49 . tape  14 . Klett-Cotta, 2009, ISBN 978-3-608-60014-8 , pp. 446 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
  8. ^ Rudolf Stöber: German press history . 2nd Edition. UVK Verlagsgesellschaft, Konstanz 2005, ISBN 3-8252-2716-2 , p. 230 f . ( limited preview in Google Book search).
personal data
SURNAME Student, Friedrich
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German lawyer and democratic politician
DATE OF BIRTH August 19, 1791
PLACE OF BIRTH Bergzabern
DATE OF DEATH June 26, 1873
Place of death Metz