Social pediatrics

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

In Germany , social paediatrics is the science that deals with the external influences on health and development in childhood and adolescence. It is an interdisciplinary science in the Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine ( Pediatrics ), it is part of their duties, in particular, their knowledge in prevention , treatment and rehabilitation implemented with particular emphasis on life skills and participation .

In Switzerland , this specialist area largely corresponds to developmental pediatrics as a focus and core area of ​​Swiss child and adolescent medicine. In the Anglo-American language area, the field of activity of social pediatrics is usually referred to as Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics .

history

This paragraph shows the situation in Germany . Help us to describe the situation in other countries.

From the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th century, socially committed paediatricians increasingly established and expanded social pediatric facilities. In addition to Arthur Schlossmann (Dresden), these included a. Hugo Neumann and Heinrich Finkelstein (both Berlin) and Max Taube (Leipzig). Gustav Tugendreich (Berlin) documented the connections between diseases and social situation in a detailed manual article in 1913 using the example of childhood tuberculosis. In 1909, Arthur Keller (1868–1934) founded the German Association for Infant Protection in Berlin , whose main task was to combat infant mortality and to set up infant care facilities in Germany.

During and after the First World War it became increasingly evident that social problems caused or at least exacerbated many diseases and developmental disorders. In 1920 the association was renamed the "German Association for Infant and Young Child Protection". The commitment of its members was above all the publication of publications on nutrition and health advice and the prevention of diseases as well as demands for the general improvement of the living conditions of children. Topics were, for example, the request to breastfeed and to produce hygienically perfect baby food, to spend more time in "light, air and sun" and to visit the pediatrician and the advice centers regularly. The book by the Berlin pediatrician Adalbert Czerny, "The Doctor as Educator of the Child", was very widespread and had more than 20 editions between 1911 and the end of the Second World War.

In 1933, when the National Socialists came to power, there was also a fundamental change in pediatric care in Germany. At the time, almost 50% of pediatricians were Jewish, and many of them had been involved in the treatment of the poor, prevention and care for children with developmental disorders of all kinds. Most of them lost their practices, eventually had to emigrate or were murdered after 1941 ( medicine under National Socialism ). In 1934 the "German Association for Infant and Young Child Protection" was merged into the "Reich Working Group on Mother and Child". Fritz Rott, head of the organization office for infant and child protection in Berlin, continued to deal with educational and prevention issues between 1933 and 1945.

In 1948 the "German Association for Infant and Young Child Protection" was re-established and in 1953 renamed the "German Association for Childhood Health Care". The topics of the annual meetings of this association were a. Baby care, school health, parenting problems, training of pediatric nurses and child and youth welfare.

In the early 1960s, an independent "Department for Prophylactic Pediatrics" was established at the University Children's Hospital in Munich under the direction of Theodor Hellbrügge . In 1966, the "Association for Childhood Health Care" was finally renamed "German Society for Social Pediatrics". In 1968 the first social pediatric center was established in Munich for the interdisciplinary treatment of children and adolescents with developmental problems and disabilities.

Between 1974 and 1992 the main focus of the "German Society for Social Pediatrics" was the care of babies and small children, the school medical service , the collection of epidemiological data , the fight against infectious diseases , the promotion of vaccinations , health education, development rehabilitation and the Youth employment protection . A major achievement was the introduction of early diagnosis examinations with the yellow examination booklet, which has been financed by statutory health insurance in Germany since 1968 . In 1979 and 1981, textbooks on social pediatrics appeared for the first time.

In the 1990s, the merging of social pediatrics in the old and new federal states, close cooperation with parent self-help groups and, above all, the nationwide expansion of social pediatric centers in Germany were in the foreground of social pediatric activities.

tasks

This paragraph shows the situation in Germany . Help us to describe the situation in other countries.

Social paediatrics deals on an empirical-scientific basis with disorders of child health and development in their natural, family and social environment. This concerns both disturbances and delays that can occur after premature births or high-risk births , as well as developmental disorders in small children , school children and adolescents .

Social paediatrics participates in the creation of healthy living spaces for children in the community. In the field of pediatric care, social paediatrics deals with the rehabilitation of children and adolescents with long-term impairments in their health, mental, intellectual and social development.

These disorders can be of a physical nature or - this is a diagnostic diagnostic focus - of a neurological nature. Psychological or psychosocial problems are also discussed. In addition to the pediatrician or school doctor, various therapists are involved in the examination , such as:

Depending on the problem, the aim is long-term therapy for physical and mental development delays or drug treatment.

Above all, highly specialized social pediatric centers offer diagnostic and therapeutic services in the field of social pediatrics. Many specialists in pediatric and adolescent medicine also have experience in this field.

Organizations

  • The German Society for Social Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (DGSPJ) is the scientific specialist society in Germany . Members of the DGSPJ are predominantly paediatricians, but also pediatric nurses, doctors from other specialties, psychologists, therapists, educators and legal entities . It publishes the journal Kinderärztliche Praxis , which appears six times a year, with a focus on " Public Health for Children" and awards the Stefan Engel Prize every two years for special scientific achievements in the field of social pediatrics. The DGSPJ is a founding member of the German Academy for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine eV (DAKJ) , the umbrella organization of the pediatric societies in Germany.
  • The Swiss Society for Developmental Pediatrics is the specialist society that advocates for the issues of developmental pediatrics within the Swiss Society for Pediatrics .
  • The Section on Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics (SODBP) is a specialist group of the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) that works to improve communication and collaboration between general practitioners, developmental and behavioral pediatrics professionals, and families.
  • The International Society for Social Pediatrics and Child Health ( ISSOP , formerly European Society for Social Pediatrics and Child Health , ESSOP ) is an interdisciplinary , non-governmental and non-profit scientific society of which anyone working in the field of child health can become a member.

literature

  • Hans G. Schlack; Rüdiger von Kries; Ute Thyen (Ed.): Social pediatrics. Health Science and Pediatric Everyday Life . Springer, Berlin 2009. ISBN 978-3642014765
  • Harald Bode; Hans-Michael Strasbourg; Helmut Hollmann (Ed.): Social pediatrics. Practical Guide . Elsevier, Munich 2009. ISBN 978-3437245800
  • Helmut Hollmann, Christoph Kretzschmar, Ronald Schmid (eds.): Quality in Social Pediatrics, Volume 1: The Altöttinger Paper; Multi-dimensional field diagnostics in social pediatrics . RS-Verlag, Altötting 2009. ISBN 978-3-922917-08-3
  • Robert G. Voigt; Michelle M. Macias; Scott M. Myers (Ed.): Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics . American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), Washington DC 2011. ISBN 978-1-58110-274-1

Trade journals:

  • Journal of Pediatric Practice , published by the German Society for Social Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Verlag Kirchheim + Co, Mainz, ISSN  1432-3605

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Hans G. Schlack / Ute Thyen / Rüdiger von Kries: Social pediatrics: a location determination . Pp. 2-8 in: Hans G. Schlack; Rüdiger von Kries; Ute Thyen (Ed.): Social pediatrics. Health Science and Pediatric Everyday Life . Springer, Berlin 2009. ISBN 978-3642014765
  2. ↑ Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics online (last checked on July 14, 2013)
  3. ↑ G. Tugendreich: The influence of the social situation on illness and mortality of the child . In: Max Mosse; Gustav Tugendreich: Illness and Social Situation (3rd new edition of the first edition Munich 1913, edited by Jürgen Cromm). Jürgen Cromm Verlag Göttingen-Augsburg 1994. ISBN 3-921969-23-9
  4. ↑ " A differentiated medical historical review of social pediatrics in Germany between 1933 and 1945, but also the role of former supporters of National Socialism in pediatrics after the Second World War is still pending . " H.-M. Strasbourg, History of Social Pediatrics , p. 13 in: Harald Bode; Hans-Michael Strasbourg; Helmut Hollmann (Ed.): Social pediatrics. Practical Guide . Elsevier, Munich 2009.
  5. ↑ In 1967 Hellbrügge referred to the family as the basis of upbringing and pointed to serious and irreparable damage to health through mass care and a lack of care, as was still the order of the day in infant and children's homes at that time. Excessive demands on the children in school as well as a lack of play and sports times were criticized. To improve children's health, development-specific knowledge of the treating physicians as well as regular preventive examinations for children at defined times were required. Theodor Hellbrügge: "Main focus of social pediatrics in small children and school age". Deutsches Ärzteblatt 64 (1967), pp. 811-815, 872-876, 938-941
  6. ↑ Martin Manecke (Ed.): Social paediatry - textbook for students and doctors . Urban and Schwarzenberg, Munich 1979. ISBN 3-541-08821-4 ; Theodor Hellbrügge (ed.): "Clinical social pediatrics - a textbook on developmental rehabilitation in childhood". Springer, Berlin-Heidelberg 1981. ISBN 3-540-10355-4