Arthur Schloßmann

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Arthur Schloßmann, 1907

Arthur Schloßmann (also Arthur Schlossmann ; born December 16, 1867 in Breslau ; † June 5, 1932 in Düsseldorf ) was a German pediatrician and social hygienist of Jewish descent and founder of the world's first clinic for sick infants in Dresden in 1898.

Life

Training and first job as a doctor

Arthur Schloßmann was born in 1867 as the son of the businessman Carl Schloßmann and his wife Elise, b. Wolf, born in Breslau; however, he grew up in Dresden . Schloßmann attended the Kreuzschule in Dresden from 1874 and graduated from high school in 1886. He then studied medicine in Freiburg, Leipzig, Breslau and Munich from 1886 to 1891. Schloßmann received his doctorate in Munich in 1891 as an assistant at the Kaiser and Kaiserin Friedrich Children's Hospital in Berlin, which was founded in 1890 .

In 1893 he returned from Berlin to Dresden and settled as a pediatrician at Pfotenhauerstraße 26 in Johannstadt , a workers' residential area with poor social and hygienic conditions in the east of Dresden.

Commitment to infant and child health

On March 1, 1894, he opened an outpatient clinic in his pediatrician practice that also treats infants , which granted "poor, sick children free medical treatment, and in the event of an emergency also free medicines and remedies". The aim was to reduce infant mortality by intensifying outpatient care and improving infant nutrition. The ordaining doctor was supported by Albertine women (later called Red Cross Sisters).

On March 20, 1897, Schloßmann founded in the Johannstadt in cooperation with doctors and Dresden citizens the "Association Children's Polyclinic with Infant Home in Johannstadt". This continued the practice on Pfotenhauer Straße and enabled an expansion and financial security of the supply. In this first nursing home in Dresden, warming devices for the care of premature babies , the precursors of incubators , were used for the first time . On August 1, 1898, the Children's Polyclinic Association founded the world's first infant clinic on Arnoldstrasse in Dresden. This was a predecessor of today's children's clinic at the Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital in Dresden .

Arthur Schloßmann was from 1893 at the chemical department of the Technical University of Dresden , where he examined baby food with regard to the hygiene of the components and researched infant diseases. In 1897, Schloßmann set up a laboratory for nutritional physiology and produced infant formula . He was the first in Germany to demand and practice the exclusive use of human milk to feed sick infants. In 1898 he qualified as a professor at the Faculty of Physiological Chemistry and General Physiology at the Technical University of Dresden on the subject of some significant differences between cow and human milk in chemical and physiological relationships, with special emphasis on infant nutrition . He then gave lectures at the university. On April 4, 1902, he was appointed associate professor.

In 1904 the children's outpatient clinic and the nursing home moved to a new building in the east of the city (Wormser Strasse 4); Schloßmann became director of both institutions. There was also close cooperation with Karl August Lingner , a promoter of hygienic public instruction, because Schloßmann worked on almost all of the non-profit institutions created by Lingner. Lingner and Schloßmann were joint members of the German Association for People's Hygiene , founded in 1899 , which Lingner described as the most powerful pioneer in social hygiene . In 1907, however, the city of Dresden had to take over the nursing home (with the exception of the polyclinic) due to financial difficulties; the management took over the administration of the city ​​hospital Dresden-Johannstadt .

Children's Clinic of the Municipal Hospital (1908)
Memorial for Arthur Schloßmann in the University Hospital Düsseldorf by Ernst Gottschalk - inscription: "The savior of children"

From 1906 to 1932 Schloßmann was full professor of paediatrics at the newly founded Academy for Practical Medicine in Düsseldorf . From 1909 he also headed the infection clinic there and researched tuberculosis, measles, scarlet fever and diphtheria. In addition, Schloßmann was deputy director of the Düsseldorf municipal hospitals as well as director of the children's clinic of the municipal hospital and medical director of the municipal children's nursing home Ratinger Strasse 9/13 , which moved to the former departmental insane asylum in 1920 . On May 30, 1923, he was appointed full professor of paediatrics at the Düsseldorf Medical Academy .

In 1907, together with high government officials, Schloßmann initiated the establishment of the Association for Infant Care at the administrative district level. The tasks of the association included advanced training for doctors, research on the establishment of hygienic cowsheds for the production of low-germ baby milk, the establishment of welfare offices and the training of nurses. This resulted in the professional group of carers, who should keep an eye on the health of an entire family.

From 1919 to 1921 he was a member of the Prussian Constitutional Assembly for the German Democratic Party .

Late years

From May 26th to October 1926 Arthur Schloßmann organized the health and social section of the GeSoLei (large exhibition for health care, social care and physical exercises) in Düsseldorf. In 1926 he was elected a member of the German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina . In May 1927 he was elected to the board of the "Fifth Welfare Association" (later: Paritätischer Wohlfahrtsverband) at the national level and at the same time chairman of the Rhineland Provincial Association in the Fifth Welfare Association. He retains these offices until his death. In June 1932, Schloßmann was made an honorary citizen of the Düsseldorf Medical Academy .

Arthur Schloßmann's grave at the Weißer Hirsch forest cemetery

After his death in Düsseldorf in 1932, Arthur Schloßmann was buried in the Weißer Hirsch forest cemetery in Dresden.

In March 1996, a new children's clinic called the “Schlossmannhaus” was opened on the premises of the UDK Düsseldorf. All bed-leading wards and areas for pediatric and adolescent medicine were able to move from the previous old buildings into the newly built center and have since been brought together under one roof.

In 2000, Arthur Schloßmann was voted one of the “100 Dresdeners of the 20th Century” in the daily newspaper “ Dresdner Latest News ”.

Collection of moulages

Schloßmann also owned a considerable collection of moulages for training infant nurses, which later played a major role in the exhibition concept of the German Hygiene Museum .

family

Arthur Schloßmann married Clara Bondi (1871–1926) on June 5, 1893, she came from the Jewish family of lawyers Kommerzienrat Bondi in Dresden and was a lecturer in health insurance and a member of parliament in Düsseldorf. Clara Schloßmann was a co-founder of the "German Association for Home Care" in Düsseldorf, and as its chairwoman she was also a board member of the " Federation of German Women's Associations ". Her daughter Erna (1895–1998), a pediatrician and social hygienist, married Albert Eckstein (1891–1950), the former rector of the Düsseldorf children's clinic until 1932.

Schloßmann's letters and offprints are archived in the estate archive of the University and State Library (ULB) of Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf . Part of the estate of Arthur and Clara Schloßmann can be found in the Eckstein estate, which is also kept there, along with a biographical outline at the University of Düsseldorf.

Works

See also

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Ulf-Norbert Funke: Karl August Lingner. Life and work of a major Saxon industrialist . GRIN Verlag, 2007, ISBN 3-638-73507-9 . P. 48
  2. ↑ a b Ulf-Norbert Funke: Karl August Lingner. Life and work of a major Saxon industrialist . GRIN Verlag, 2007, ISBN 3-638-73507-9 . P. 50
  3. ↑ Ulf-Norbert Funke: Karl August Lingner. Life and work of a major Saxon industrialist . GRIN Verlag, 2007, ISBN 3-638-73507-9 . P. 49
  4. ^ History of the TU Dresden . On: tu-dresden.de
  5. ↑ Ulf-Norbert Funke: Karl August Lingner. Life and work of a major Saxon industrialist . GRIN Verlag, 2007, ISBN 3-638-73507-9 . P. 51
  6. ↑ Ulf-Norbert Funke: Karl August Lingner. Life and work of a major Saxon industrialist . GRIN Verlag, 2007, ISBN 3-638-73507-9 . P. 54
  7. ^ A b Sigrid Stöckel: Schloßmann, Arthur , in: Wolfgang U. Eckart and Christoph Gradmann (ed.): Ärztelexikon. From antiquity to the present , 3rd edition 2006 Springer Verlag Heidelberg, Berlin, New York pp. 291 + 292. doi : 10.1007 / 978-3-540-29585-3 .
  8. ^ Ernst G. Lowenthal: Schloßmann, Arthur. In: Biographical Directory. A representative cross-section. Reimer, Berlin 1981, ISBN 3-4960-1012-6 . P. 201.
  9. ↑ Arthur Schlossmann's membership entry at the German Academy of Natural Scientists Leopoldina , accessed on June 21, 2016.
  10. ^ W. Wadler: Arthur Schloßmann. In: The socialist doctor, 8th year (1932) issue 6 (June), pp. 116–117 digitized
  11. ↑ Children's Clinic. Center for Child and Adolescent Medicine - Schlossmannhaus
  12. ↑ 100 Dresden residents of the 20th century . In: Dresdner Latest News . Dresdner Nachrichten GmbH & Co. KG, Dresden December 31, 1999, p. 22 .
  13. ↑ Prof. Dr. Arthur Schlossmann ULB Düsseldorf
  14. ↑ Prof. Dr. Albert Eckstein and Dr. Erna Eckstein-Schlossmann in the estate directory of the ULB Düsseldorf
personal data
SURNAME Schlossmann, Arthur
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Schlossmann, Arthur
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German pediatrician, founder of the first infant clinic
DATE OF BIRTH December 16, 1867
PLACE OF BIRTH Wroclaw
DATE OF DEATH June 5, 1932
Place of death Dusseldorf