St. Quintin (Mainz)
The Catholic Church of St. Quintin in Mainz is the parish church of the city's oldest documented parish . Today St. Quintin and the cathedral parish of St. Martin form the parish of Dom St. Martin and St. Quintin . The cathedral pastor is therefore always the pastor of St. Quintin today.
history
The origins of the parish probably go back to the time of the Merovingians , which is supported by the patronage of Saint Quintin , which later almost fell into oblivion. The second patron of the church is St. Blasius , of whom St. Quintin had a reliquary on the head. In 774 St. Quintin was first mentioned in a document. The first inner-city parish cemetery was located near the church (first mentioned in the sources around 1100). It is considered certain that St. Quintin existed as early as the 8th century; in the 7th and 8th centuries, extensive church building activity began in Mainz. The current construction began around 1288 and was completed around 1330 in the Gothic style. This building suffered severe damage as early as 1348 when a fire, started during a plague pogrom, attacked the church from the nearby Jewish quarter, which destroyed the windows of the nave and melted the city bell in the tower. From 1425, the damage could only be repaired again. The chapel was also added to the south of the choir with the old sacristy (today's storage room). During the Thirty Years War the church served as a barracks for the Swedish troops. At times evangelical church services were held there. In 1721 the church was completely redesigned and refurbished. In 1813 the church was again a barracks, this time for the French troops after the Battle of Leipzig . The church underwent a thorough renovation and repairs from 1869 to 1888 after the city master builder Eduard Kreyssig rescued it from the threat of demolition due to dilapidation. The church was furnished in a neo-Gothic style. Only the neo-Gothic choir screens on both sides of the nave are preserved from this phase. During the Second World War , the church was badly damaged in the air raids on Mainz in 1942, but the walls were preserved. The valuable arm relic of Saint Quintin, as well as other valuable items of equipment, were burned. The reconstruction and renovation began immediately. An emergency roof was put on during the war and the church could be used again as early as 1948. After the war it served as a church for the French garrison. A new quintine relic has been venerated again since November 4, 1950 through the mediation of the Bishop of Soisson Pierre Auguste Marie Joseph Douillard. At the end of the 1960s, work was carried out on the exterior and the bell tower, with the church building being given its medieval color again in 1970 based on the original findings. However, the tower was still provided with an emergency roof. It was not until 1995 that the renaissance tower helmet, reconstructed by hand, was put back on again.
construction
The new Gothic building at St. Quintin was built in place of a predecessor, the shape of which is unknown and of which no building remains have been visibly preserved. Today's church consists of an almost square three-aisled hall longhouse (see also hall church ) with three bays. The most south-westerly yoke carries the massive bell tower of the church. In order to create an almost square floor plan for the tower, the south aisle is only about half as wide as the central nave bays. In the tower there is a tower man's apartment, which was built in 1489 under Elector Berthold von Henneberg . From here, practically the entire urban area of the old “wooden” Mainz could be overlooked. This served as a fire watch for the city until the 20th century . The windows of the tower keeper's apartment have green shutters. The oldest part of the building, as can be seen from the tracery figures, is the single-nave choir with the sacristy on the south side. A two-bay Holy Cross Chapel adjoins the north side. The entrance portal is also on the south side. The development of the western wall of the church, which emerged from medieval junk stalls, is significant in terms of urban planning. The exterior is brick-red with painted joints.
Furnishing
The original interior of the church was largely lost during the Second World War . There are still two high-quality stone reliefs from a Way of the Cross created around 1500 , the baptismal font from 1713 and four grave slabs from the 18th and 19th centuries. Noteworthy is the simplified reconstructed high altar made of red and black marble by the architect Maximilian von Welsch from 1739. Between the pillars stand the two church patrons St. Quintin and St. Blaise, characterized by their chain and spear and the crossed candles. With the adoring angel figures, these two figures from the workshop of the Mainz sculptor Burkhard Zamels are the only remaining original figure decorations of the once richly decorated high altar. The modern celebratory altar , ambo and sedile were created in 1998 based on the designs of Limburg artist Karl Matthäus Winter .
Due to the fact that it can be quickly reused after the Second World War, there are also many pieces of equipment from other churches in the city, such as the large altarpiece by Franz Anton Maulbertsch from 1758 on the west wall of the north aisle, which shows the Assumption of Mary and is originally in the abbey Altmünster was located. After its abolition in 1781 in favor of the University Fund and its use as a military hospital, it was sold and used as an altarpiece by St. Emmeran from 1808 . Also noteworthy is the Rococo pulpit of the master carpenter Johannes Förster , who also created the pulpit of St. Peter . The sculptor Heinrich Jung made her figurative jewelry . The pulpit, too, originally came from St. Emmeran , was donated for her by the widowed Countess Ostein in 1761 and, like the altarpiece, relocated to the crypt of the Mainz Cathedral during World War II. After the war, both works of art and the baroque confessional came from St. Emmeran to St. Quintin. The baroque side altars made from walnut originally come from the Church of Our Lady in Oberwesel and were sold to the parish church of Mainz-Bretzenheim in 1899 . The right side altar contains a Vesper image from St. Christoph (today a war memorial). Created around 1470, this pietà made of lime wood from the Middle Rhine conveys a picture of late medieval women's costume. Even before the war, St. Quintin was the place of worship for a Vesper image from the dissolved Agnes monastery in Mainz (Augustinian women). The late medieval Vesper picture burned. The left side altar is today dedicated to St. Judas Thaddäus and shows a scene from the Mount of Olives with God the Father and the chalice, which is unusual in the representation .
In the Kreuzkapelle hangs a high quality, Gothic crucifix from around 1400. The smiling facial expression contrasts with the crucified body. In 1942 it was acquired by the municipality to replace the triumphal cross that had been destroyed in the first bombing raid. The pews were made in a slightly modified and simplified form after the Second World War. Two smaller pews from St. Christoph, which were almost identical to the old pews from St. Quintin, are also set up with original cheeks.
Since 2008, the Passion Shroud by the Mainz artist Guido Ludes has been on display from Ash Wednesday to Holy Saturday, which takes text fragments from all four Gospels about Jesus' crucifixion, ridicule and resurrection (painting on canvas). The four evangelists with their winged symbols eagle, lion, bull and human are depicted figuratively like at the lower end the dead Christ removed from the cross. At the top are the words: "Eloi, Eloi, Lama Sabachthani?" (My God, my God, why did you leave me? Mk 15, 34). The triptych , created in 1987 and bequeathed by his family to the parish in 2014, comes from the same artist . The left panel shows Jesus on the cross with the silhouette of Jerusalem in the background. Instead of the inscription INRI , Jesus carries a plaque with the reversed inscription: "For all". The middle panel, called "Ad Vesperam" (at the evening hour) by the artist, shows the Descent from the Cross. The third panel shows the resurrection. In all the pictures, hands dominate, reaching for Jesus or pointing to the empty grave. Under the organ gallery it functions as a matching counterpart to the Lenten cloth . A nativity scene by the Heppenheim sculptor Philipp Müller from 1929 to 1935 is set up there for Advent and Christmas, ranging from the pictorial program from the Advent readings to the epiphany . In addition to the Christmas event, the expulsion of Adam and Eve from Paradise, the prophecy of Isaiah , John the Baptist and the seer Balaam can be admired.
organ
An English-romantic organ from the renowned Nelson organ workshop in north-west England has been on the gallery since 2012. In Durham , England, built in 1906 for the now closed Wooley Terrace Chapel in Stanley Crook and restored and expanded by the organ building company Elmar Krawinkel & Sohn, the organ today has 23 registers, divided into two manuals and a pedal. With its simple, neo-Gothic oak prospect, the historical instrument manages with a small footprint on the newly built wooden gallery from 2003. During the restoration, the Nelson organ was expanded by seven registers in two new side brochures, with historical English pipes (formerly in St. Georg's, Hanover Square, London) being used and no historical substance on the organ being destroyed. The organ has the following disposition :
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* new register
Bells
St. Quintin has four church bells . The most important bell of the peal is the oldest bell in Rhineland-Palatinate , the beehive-shaped rag bell , which dates from around 1250. Since the restoration of the bell in 1997, it has been ringing every day for the Angelus . In 1908 the gothic bells (without the rag bells) including the bell frame were removed and replaced by a new bell with a steel bell frame. The two world wars have only spared the quintine bell of that ringing; today it forms the second smallest bell. Two larger cast steel bells from the 1920s were added.
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No. |
Surname |
Casting year |
Caster |
Mass (kg) |
Chime |
| 1 | Jude Squidward | 1920 | Bochum Association | ≈1350 | d 1 |
| 2 | St. Catherine | 1923 | Bochum Association | ≈1080 | e 1 |
| 3 | Quintine bell | 1908 | Petit & Gebr. Edelbrock | 463 | a 1 |
| 4th | Rag bells | around 1250 | unknown | 115 | c 3 / c sharp 3 |
Churchyard
The former churchyard, which is now part of the grounds of the municipal retirement home, can no longer be experienced as such. On the north wall of the church there are some gravestones that were discovered in the floor of the church in 1883 and placed there, which led to severe weathering damage. A baroque cemetery portal adorned the entrance to Schusterstraße until the Second World War. The sandstone portal with both cartridges and Maria together was destroyed by a direct bomb hit.
Trivia
The showmaster and actor Heinz Schenk was an altar boy in St. Quintin.
Individual evidence
- ^ Cultural monuments in Rhineland-Palatinate. City of Mainz 2.2. Old town. In: Monument topography of the Federal Republic of Germany. Edited by the State Office for Monument Preservation on behalf of the Ministry of Culture. Edited by Ewald Wegner u. a. Worms: 3rd edition 1997, p. 112.
- ↑ Joachim u. Ulrike Glatz: St. Quintin in Mainz. DKV art guide No. 639. Munich 2007. p. 2.
- ↑ Joachim u. Ulrike Glatz: St. Quintin in Mainz. DKV art guide No. 639. Munich 2007. p. 2.
- ^ Franz-Rudolf Weinert: Act of Christian Solidarity in Mainzer Allgemeine Zeitung of October 30, 2010.
- ^ S. Glatz, St. Quintin, 2007, p. 7.
- ^ Bishop's coat of arms on the tower.
- ↑ Monument topography 1997, p. 112.
- ↑ See Glatz, St. Quintin in Mainz, p. 18.
- ^ News from the Diocese of Mainz , bistummainz.de, August 25, 2008.
- ↑ Source of the text additions: explanatory legend at the church.
- ↑ See Glatz, St. Quintin in Mainz, p. 24.
- ↑ Guido Ludes: The Passion Shawl. Edited by Dr. Franz-Rudolf Weinert. Mainz 2008.
- ↑ "We proclaim your death and we praise your resurrection." About the triptych by the artist Guido Ludes. Ed. Cathedral Parish St. Martin & St. Quintin. Mainz: 2017.
- ↑ All that breathes, praise the Lord! Edited by Catholic rectory, St. Martin and St. Quintin's Cathedral. Mainz: 2012.
- ↑ Bells landscape diocese Mainz , Motette 2005, supplement p. 15.
- ^ Glatz, St. Quintin, p. 29.
literature
- Julius Baum: Three Mainz hall churches . Herder, Friborg 1906.
- August Schuchert : The Mainz churches and chapels . Johann Falk & Sons, Mainz 1931.
- J. Glatz and U. Glatz: St. Quintin in Mainz, DKV Art Guide No. 639. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich 2007, ISBN 978-3-422-02040-5
Web links
Coordinates: 50 ° 0 ′ 3 ″ N , 8 ° 16 ′ 20 ″ E