Mainz-Neustadt

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Mainz coat of arms
Neustadt
district of Mainz
Location of the Neustadt in Mainz
Coordinates 50 ° 0 '35 "  N , 8 ° 15' 30"  E Coordinates: 50 ° 0 '35 "  N , 8 ° 15' 30"  E.
height 87  m above sea level NN
surface 3,661 km²
Residents 28,994 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density 7920 inhabitants / km²
Proportion of foreigners 23.4% (Dec. 31, 2019)
Post Code 55118
prefix 06131

Administration address		 Leibnizstrasse 47
55118 Mainz
Website www.mainz.de
politics
Mayor Christoph Hand ( Green )
Allocation of seats (local advisory board)
LEFT GREEN ÖDP SPD FDP CDU
2 5 1 3 1 1
2
5
1
3
1
1
2 5 1 3 1 1 
Transport links
tram MVG Mainz lines 50, 51, 52, 53, 59
bus MVG Mainz line 54, 55, 56, 57, 60, 61, 62, 63, 67, 69, 70, 71, 76, 92, 93 MVG Mainz + ESWE Wiesbaden community line 9, 28, MVG Mainz + ORN community line 68, 75 , ORN line 620, 650, 652, 660
Local council election 2019
Turnout: 60.5%
 %
50
40
30th
20th
10
0
40.3%
24.7%
12.4%
11.6%
6.0%
5.1%
n. k.
Gains and losses
compared to 2014
 % p
   6th
   4th
   2
   0
  -2
  -4
  -6
+ 3.1  % p.p.
-2.5  % p
+ 4.4  % p
-5.7  % p
+ 0.8  % p
+ 2.6  % p
-2.6  % p

Neustadt is a district of the Rhineland-Palatinate state capital Mainz .

It is located northwest of the old town, across the broad Kaiserstrasse . Characteristic are the many squares and traffic-calmed streets, the pubs and cafes, the small shops, the Turkish shops and smaller craft shops. Neustadt thrives on its mixture of long-established Mainz residents, newcomers, immigrants and young students. The Neustadt is the most populous and densely populated district of Mainz.

history

The idea of ​​expanding the city of Mainz into the garden area interspersed with improvised buildings had existed for a long time. On April 4, 1866, the city council decided among several competing plans for a design by Eduard Kreyssig . The realization had to wait until after the Franco-Prussian War of 1870/71.

The area called "Gartenfeld" was outside the fortress walls of Mainz. There, in the rayon zone , no stone buildings were allowed that could offer protection to advancing troops. The walls made the fortress of Mainz very narrow . At that time, Mainz already had the highest population density in the Grand Duchy of Hesse . Statistics from Hofrat Alfred Börckel , librarian at the Mainz City Library , from 1869 illustrate the predicament: The number of people who lived in the room on a Prussian morning was 8 in Barmen , 11 in Potsdam , 24 in Darmstadt , 28 in Berlin , 65 in Hamburg and 71 in Cologne - but 89 in Mainz. In other cities, the population grew faster and faster in the second half of the 19th century. In Mainz, the apartments were overcrowded hopelessly lacked sanitary facilities and at any time threatened a cholera - epidemic to break out. In terms of economic development, Mainz lagged behind at a time when factories were springing up everywhere in other parts of the world. The reason for this was also the disproportion between the civil urban area, which was around 1.2 km², and the military or closed area of ​​around 7 km².

The garden field during Franz von Kesselstatt's lifetime

The military only agreed to the razing of the old walls after long, tough negotiations between the city of Mainz and the Prussian War Ministry , after the fortress of Metz in Lorraine was the new bulwark to France. With the approval for development, the existing urban area doubled in one fell swoop. On September 21, 1872 the city expansion contract was finally signed. This day can be described as the founding day of Mainz Neustadt . At the beginning of February 1873 the imperial approval came. In mid-March 1873, the city began to lay down the ramparts in the area of ​​today's Kaiserstrasse and to cultivate the garden field. But they also had to build new fortress walls further northwest, on the Rheingauwall , for four million guilders . 1500 to 2000 guilders per Hessian acre were paid for the garden plots.

According to the Imperial Law of May 25, 1873, the Mainz fortress became the property of the German Empire and became a Reich fortress.

The Neustadt on a map from 1898

City architect Eduard Kreyssig (1830–1897) shaped the architectural and urban development of the Neustadt. His basic idea was to develop the garden area through a symmetrical, grid-shaped street system made up of longitudinal and transverse axes, which are loosened up by green avenues and squares. His plans were based on the transformation of Paris in the 19th century by Baron Haussmann . Shortly before taking up his post, Kreyssig had visited the world exhibition in Paris in 1867 and admired Haussmann's revolutionary ideas.

Three major north-west-south-east axes (Rheinallee, Bonifaziusstraße [today's Hindenburgstraße] and Boppstraße) were supposed to connect the new town with the old town. It was first built along these main axes. Instead of the ramparts of the garden front , the Schönborn bastion belt, a splendid boulevard was created , which was then also called “Boulevard” - today's Kaiserstrasse . The buildings from this era can still be recognized today, although the Second World War hit them hard with its destruction. There are typical Wilhelminian-style residential buildings, some of which have magnificent facades, as well as some functional buildings such as the Christ Church , which can be seen from afar , the old bread bakery ( New Provision Office ) and the main train station . In 1912 a splendid central synagogue was built on Hindenburgstrasse . This generous Art Nouveau building fell victim to the National Socialists only 26 years later in the November 1938 pogroms . He was set on fire and later blown up.

One of the main problems with the development of the garden field can still be seen today: The terrain was very deep and was therefore often flooded. The plans of the city master builder provided for the entire area to be filled up, which was also necessary for the construction of the sewer system. Due to the size of this huge area, however, the embankments could only be mastered gradually. First the streets were raised. The individual grid squares were then gradually filled around the houses that had already been built. That is why many houses in Neustadt have particularly deep basements.

The excavation work was not completed everywhere. So you can find places at some points in the Neustadt that still show the low level.

low level in Wallaustraße

A curiosity is the house No. 77 on Wallaustraße . This house has a gate on the first floor, you enter it via the part planned as a cellar. At the time of construction, it was firmly expected that the area would still be filled up, which has not yet happened. The newly built bank of the Rhine was fortified militarily.

A garden field tax , a kind of luxury tax due to the generous amount of space, was levied from the new property owners . Until the Second World War, large areas were still vacant in the area of ​​Goetheplatz and in the northern Neustadt. There were still numerous gardens, e.g. B. on Raupelsweg and along Scheffelstraße. The housewives could bleach their laundry in the meadows, children and young people could play.

A new wall, the Rheingauwall, was built around the Neustadt. It was built in the New Prussian fortification manner and consisted of the cavaliers Prince Holstein and Hauptstein, Judensand , Fort Hartenberg , Gonsenheimer Tor and Mombacher Tor. In the Neustadt itself there were again many barracks - such as the Alice barracks (infantry barracks 1903) a cavalry barracks in Wallstrasse (Neue Golden 'Rosskaserne) - a garrison hospital in Rheinstrasse and storage rooms for the military administration.

The new, more open city required a relocation of the railway line away from the banks of the Rhine. From 1880 Kreyssig moved it to the west side of the city with the consequence of tunneling under the citadel and building a new central station . The construction of this station in 1884 was also the initiative of the town builder and enabled a connection to another railway line, the Hessian Ludwig Railway , which was run in 1871 along the Gastell company premises in the direction of Gonsenheim to Alzey.

After 1918 all fortifications were removed .

More recently, the Neustadt has been carefully renovated. Modern architects and artists such as Dieter Magnus with the Green Bridge and Hugo Becker with the Josefskirche have contributed to the appearance of the Neustadt with their buildings and sculptures. The Frauenlob fountain on the Rhine promenade commemorates the minstrel Heinrich von Meißen, known as Frauenlob , who died in Mainz in 1318. After he was full of praise for the female sex in his works, he is said to have been carried to the grave by the women of Mainz.

The bank of the Rhine was and is being upgraded more and more. A Rheinuferforum was founded for this purpose. The promenade is to be made more attractive and the people of Mainz live on and with the Rhine. A barbecue ban has been in effect on the banks of the Rhine since 2007. The customs and inland port is an important cargo handling point in the Rhine-Main area. By 2011, the container transshipment point was relocated down the Rhine to the Ingelheimer Aue in order to develop the attractive port area into a residential area.

On June 21, 2009 , Nico Klomann was elected as the first green mayor in the history of Mainz with a 19 percent turnout with 54% of the vote. On May 25, 2014 , his younger brother Johannes Klomann, SPD, was elected as his successor. In the local elections in 2019 , Christoph Hand was elected by the Greens in a runoff against Klomann.

Location and limits

Neighboring districts and municipalities

The following districts of Wiesbaden and Mainz border the Neustadt in a clockwise direction:

over the Rhine in the north Wiesbaden-Biebrich , in the northeast Mainz-Amöneburg and in the east Mainz-Kastel ,
immediately in the southeast Mainz-Altstadt , in the south (with a small part) Mainz-Oberstadt , in the southwest Mainz-Hartenberg-Münchfeld and in the northwest Mainz-Mombach .

Borderline

The northern tip is formed by the Ingelheimer Aue to the northwest in the industrial area . The district boundary (which since 1945 has also been the city ​​boundary to the districts Amöneburg and Kastel belonging to Wiesbaden) runs through the Rhine between this and the Rettbergsaue to the east, then to the southeast across the Petersaue , under the Kaiserbrücke , past the Zollhafen to the Kaisertor. The old town of Mainz lies further to the southeast; the border to this is formed by the Kaiserstraße . On its extension, Parcusstraße, it goes to Alicenplatz, where the upper town borders from the south. Over the Alicenbrücke at the main station , which separates the Neustadt from the Upper Town, it goes directly on the western edge of the station area along the Mombacher Straße, which is already part of Hartenberg-Münchfeld, to the underpass in the north of the station, then on the other side of the tracks on the Hattenbergstrasse past the glassworks in Neustadt to the border of Mombach , the Zwerchallee to the north, over the Rheinallee through the industrial area and the industrial port back to the northwest tip of the Ingelheimer Aue.

schools

The school landscape in Mainz Neustadt is very heterogeneous according to the social structure and the size of the district. With the Feldberg School, the Goetheschule (as an all-day school ) and the Leibniz School, there are three primary schools alone. The Goetheschule used to be (before the state-wide integration of the Hauptschulen into the new Realschulen Plus) the Hauptschule Mainz-Neustadt I and the main school. Since 2015, it has also been a branch of the Sophie Scholl School, which now mainly teaches the subjects of social education. The Schillerschule is the Mainz-Neustadt II secondary school. With the Frauenlob grammar school and the Rabanus Maurus grammar school , two grammar schools are represented.

At technical and vocational schools in Neustadt there is the Sophie-Scholl-Schule as vocational school II - housekeeping and social pedagogy, as well as the Catholic technical school for geriatric care St. Bilhildis .

Churches, monasteries and non-Christian communities

Dominican Church of Saint Boniface

Roman Catholic

Evangelical

Others

Festivals, events, traditions

  • Gaadefelder curb
  • Mainz Rose Monday parade , youth mask parade and cap ride start in Neustadt

Buildings worth seeing

Kunsthalle am Zollhafen
Caponier on Feldbergplatz

economy

Wine warehouse in the former port

See also

literature

  • Hedwig Brüchert (Ed.): The Neustadt yesterday and today. 125 years of Mainz city expansion (Festschrift). Special issue of the Mainz history sheets, publications by the Mainz Social History Association; Mainz 1997, ISSN  0178-5761
  • Claus Wolff: The districts of Mainz. Emons Verlag, Cologne 2004, ISBN 3-89705-361-6

Web links

Commons : Mainz-Neustadt  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ mainz.de - election archive
  2. ↑ wahl.mainz.de - run-off election for the town councilor 2014 Neustadt
  3. ^ Order of women in the diocese of Mainz , accessed on July 22, 2016.