AKK conflict

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

  • State capital Mainz,
    Rhineland-Palatinate

  • State capital Wiesbaden,
    Hesse

The AKK conflict is a long-standing dispute between the two state capitals Mainz and Wiesbaden over the former Mainz districts of A möneburg , K astel and K ostheim on the right bank of the Rhine . These districts of Mainz on the right bank of the Rhine were in the American zone of occupation after World War II , while Mainz was in the French zone of occupation , as the Rhine was a natural border for the victorious Allied powers. As a result of these circumstances, the AKK districts were administratively assigned to the city of Wiesbaden in 1945, which many citizens and local politicians did not want to accept. As a result of the assignment, the AKK districts have belonged to Hesse since the federal states were founded in 1946 , while Mainz belongs to Rhineland-Palatinate . The three districts play a special role to this day, which is shown, among other things, by the fact that their place-name signs read "State capital Wiesbaden - District Mainz-Kastel" (or "Mainz-Amöneburg" and "Mainz-Kostheim").

Historical background

  • Entrance sign until 2006

  • today

The occupation zone borders had already been established in London in 1944/1945. In accordance with these specifications, the core city of Mainz was located in the French zone, the six districts on the right bank of the Rhine and Wiesbaden in the American zone. As a result, the districts on the right bank of the Rhine were separated from Mainz in the summer of 1945. Of these six districts, three ( Bischofsheim , Ginsheim and Gustavsburg south of the Main, the other three districts Amöneburg , Kastel and Kostheim (AKK districts) were north of the Main. The north-Main districts were incorporated into Wiesbaden by the American occupying forces. Proclamation No. 2 of the American military government of September 19, 1945, which created the state of Greater Hesse (today's state of Hesse), cemented the status quo. There was no "fiduciary administration" of the city of Wiesbaden, but this was repeatedly demanded by Mainz and by A few places on the right bank of the Rhine failed to recognize the legal situation.

The südmainischen neighborhoods became the autonomous communities Bischofsheim and Ginsheim and the district Gross-Gerau slammed shut. Due to the different historical circumstances, this did not provoke any comparable reactions. Unlike the AKK parishes, these are areas that belonged to the predominantly Protestant Landgraviate of Hessen-Darmstadt until the Napoleonic era and not to the Roman Catholic Electorate of Mainz .

Amöneburg in particular had an industrial structure with a correspondingly high tax revenue, so that in the past decades there have been repeated parliamentary inquiries, constitutional reports and intensive political discussions at the local and state level. As a result of the development of the Petersweg industrial estate in Kastel since the late 1980s, trade tax revenue has also increased significantly there, which has repeatedly caused political controversy in the context of the discussion about property and the necessary reallocations.

Expression

The historical development led to the fact that today's Wiesbaden city districts still have “ Mainz ” in their district names. They received this suffix when they were incorporated into Mainz. According to an agreement between the Mayors of Mainz and Wiesbaden in the fourteen-point paper of September 8, 1945, the official designation “ Mainz- ” was retained after the separation. In the budget of the city of Wiesbaden, the budget of the city districts of Amöneburg, Kastel and Kostheim is kept separate to this day. The situation is most noticeable in the area of ​​real estate, as Wiesbaden took over its administration at the time, but public streets, squares and land in the districts remained in the possession of the city of Mainz. Even if this has now been rectified in many areas, this situation still harbors considerable potential for conflict today.

AKK obtain water from Stadtwerke Mainz Netze GmbH. This was the same in the electricity and gas sectors until the regional monopolies were abolished and the market was liberalized. The networks for water, electricity and gas in the entire AKK area will continue to be operated by Stadtwerke Mainz Netze GmbH.

The situation at the post office and the Telekom is comparable: Amöneburg is supplied with the postal code 65203 via the Wiesbaden letter center 65, which is located in Kastel , which therefore uses its own postal code 65212, while Kastel (55252) and Kostheim (55246) from Mainz (Letter center 55 in Mainz-Hechtsheim ). Kastel and Kostheim (like Gustavsburg) use the phone code 06134 (Mainz has 06131), Amöneburg has the Wiesbaden code 0611.

All three parts of the city are served by bus from the Mainzer Verkehrsgesellschaft (MVG), both through joint lines with the ESWE Verkehrsgesellschaft (see also lines 6, 9, 28, 33 and N7 in local transport in Wiesbaden ) and through the MVG lines 54, 55 , 56, 57, 58, 91 and 99 as well as the joint line 68 (MVG and ORN GmbH).

The Kalle chemical factory is located in the Biebrich area; The chemical works Albert were located in Amöneburg only separated by a works street . With Kalle, the Hessian holiday order always applied, with Albert, on the other hand, that of Rhineland-Palatinate, although both are combined in the Kalle-Albert industrial park (formerly Hoechst AG plant Kalle-Albert).

Citizens' surveys

According to an opinion poll carried out "on a scientific basis" in the summer of 1984, an "overwhelming majority" of the citizens questioned were in favor of moving back to Mainz. Against this background, the mayoral candidate of the Wiesbaden SPD Achim Exner made an election promise before the 1985 local elections to conduct a survey in Amöneburg, Kastel and Kostheim about the desired membership; However, the Wiesbaden SPD did not hide the fact that it did not want to relink "AKK" to Mainz for financial reasons. The SPD won the election, Exner became mayor. Before the questioning, Exner pointed out that for him it only had the "character of an opinion poll".

The survey was carried out in the three AKK suburbs from June 9-14, 1986. 17,576 citizens were entitled to vote, of which 12,145 citizens returned their questionnaires, so the turnout was approx. 69.1%. Out of 919 invalid votes, they spoke out

  • for a return to Mainz: 6902 votes (around 61.2%);
  • to stay at Wiesbaden: 3691 votes (around 32.7%);
  • for independence: 683 votes (approx. 6%).

Despite the majority of votes cast for a return to Mainz, there was still a lack of clarity about the will of the people, as the votes not cast - in accordance with a recorded agreement between Wiesbaden and Mainz on abstentions - were assessed as a vote in favor of remaining with Wiesbaden. Since the survey was expressly not a formal referendum, the vote had no legal consequences. In parallel to the preparations for the citizens' surveys, MPs of all parties represented in the Bundestag from Mainz filed a motion on November 15, 1985 to amend Article 29, Paragraph 7 of the Basic Law so that it should also affect areas with up to 30,000 (instead of 10,000) inhabitants . In this way, a referendum limited to the AKK area (instead of one required under Article 29 Paragraph 3 in the entire area of ​​the two federal states concerned, which was deemed hopeless to be won in Hesse) on the change of state membership from Hesse to Rhineland-Palatinate and thus a basis for the return to Mainz has been made possible. Following the recommendation of the Legal Affairs Committee on November 11, 1986, the application was finally negotiated in the second and third deliberations before the Bundestag on November 13, 1986 - also with reference to the public survey from June 9 to 14, 1986. Despite a recommendation from the Legal Affairs and Home Affairs Committee, the necessary two-thirds majority for an amendment to the Basic Law in the Bundestag was not achieved because the majority of the SPD voted against it. With the constitutional amendment of 1994 , the population limit was increased to 50,000. Since then, the AKK suburbs could also be reorganized - without the consent of a referendum in both federal states - through a state treaty between Hesse and Rhineland-Palatinate or through federal law; however, the Hessian side always signaled rejection.

In 2006, a survey was carried out with 501 respondents - according to the authors, representative - which resulted in a majority in favor of returning to Mainz. However, it also became clear here that the majority of the Amöneburgers, as in 1986, are against a change in the status quo and want to stay with Wiesbaden. The client of the survey is unknown, it was carried out by the Mainz market research institute "forum!".

Controversy about high school access

In March 2007 the situation arose for the first time that pupils from the AKK suburbs were refused admission to secondary schools in Mainz because their capacities were exhausted and the state of Rhineland-Palatinate had made a corresponding decision. There is no grammar school in the AKK suburbs. In March 2008, the conflict intensified for the first time, as all registrations from AKK students to state grammar schools in Mainz were rejected, which in some cases led to considerable resentment among the parents concerned and their environment. On the occasion of an information event for parents in February 2009, in which the Mainz school department head also took part, it was emphasized by the latter that the parents could no longer expect children from AKK to be admitted to Mainz. Nevertheless, since 2009, a few children from AKK have been admitted to high schools in Mainz again within the framework of free capacities, but the majority of the registrations continue to be rejected. Special bus connections were set up to transport these children to the schools in Wiesbaden. For the 2013/2014 school year, 37 students from the AKK suburbs switched to the 5th grade at grammar schools in Mainz, while around 60 classmates went to Wiesbaden grammar schools. As a consequence, a bus line was set up from Amöneburg via Kostheim and Kastel to Erbenheim (and from there on as the regular Wiesbaden line 37) so that students from the AKK locations can better reach the school in Bierstadt, which was announced in January 2016 with a very short notice " due to low utilization ”was discontinued.

Anecdotes

  • When the Mainz Bundesliga club 1. FSV Mainz 05 thought about building a new football stadium on the right bank of the Rhine in Mainz-Kastel in 2006, this initially sparked protests, before they calmed down a little later that Kastel did actually belongs to Mainz.
  • 1. FSV Mainz 05 has several fan clubs on the right bank of the Rhine - these are called, for example, “Wrong Rhine Side” or “Hessliche 05er”.
  • Ernst Neger praised the situation in Heile, Heile Gänsje as follows:

“When I look at my Meenz, then I think in my own way: Mer did it with Meenz exactly as with the city of Berlin. It was destroyed, it was divided in two. And yet I have the courage to believe that it heals everything. After all, aries will be good. Meenz and Berlin, you are so beautiful. You can, you can't go wrong ... Heal, heal, goose ... "

  • US Colonel Leroy Cowart confirmed in a meeting with Wiesbaden's Lord Mayor Georg Krücke that the AKK districts had been incorporated into Wiesbaden by order of the US Army. He is said to have used the words: "I'm giving you these three places!"

See also

literature

  • Rolf Dörrlamm, Helmut Wirth, Werner Hanfgarn (eds.): Mainz - the amputated city. A documentation. Krach, Mainz 1984 (2nd extended edition Hanfgarn, Mainz 1986).

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Protocol on the zones of occupation in Germany and the administration of Greater Berlin, London, September 12, 1944, in: Rauschning, Dietrich (ed.): Legal status of Germany. International treaties and other legal acts, Munich 1985, pp. 7 and 8 and cf. That. (Ed.): The entire constitution of Germany. National and international texts on the legal situation in Germany, Frankfurt and Berlin 1962 (= The State Constitution in the World in Individual Editions, Volume I), No. 2 / II and 2 / III.
  2. ^ Eike-Christian Kersten: Mainz - the divided city. (Diss.), Regional culture publisher, Ubstadt-Weiher, Heidelberg a. a. 2014, p. 49 f. and p. 143.
  3. ↑ Proclamation No. 2 . Military Government Germany American Zone, 1945 ( online ).
  4. ^ Eike-Christian Kersten: Mainz - the divided city. P. 51 f. and p. 196 f.
  5. ↑ A brief look at the history of the community, in the web archive . Heimat- und Verkehrsverein Ginsheim-Gustavsburg, 2017 ( [1] ).
  6. ↑ Michael Erfurth: Pouch wants referendum on AKK - OB: Grand coalition offers opportunity for repatriation / Mainz deputies should help . Ed .: Rhein-Main-Presse. Verlagsgruppe Rhein Main , Allgemeine Zeitung, March 9, 2006 ( online [accessed December 16, 2006]).
  7. ↑ Kim Stre: Wiesbaden - Mainz. The "last divided city in Germany". Hessischer Rundfunk , hr online, October 28, 2004, archived from the original on May 2, 2013 ; Retrieved May 2, 2013 .
  8. ↑ Eike-Christian Kersten: Mainz - the divided city (dissertation), regional culture publisher, Ubstadt-Weiher, Heidelberg a. a. 2014, p. 56.
  9. ↑ Budget Statute Wiesbaden 2018/19. (PDF) City of Wiesbaden, accessed on May 6, 2019 .
  10. ↑ a b AKK water supply area. Best drinking water for our region. Stadtwerke Mainz Netze, 2011, accessed on March 3, 2015 .
  11. ↑ Electricity AKK network area. Stadtwerke Mainz Netze, 2011, accessed on March 3, 2015 .
  12. ↑ Gas network area AKK. Stadtwerke Mainz Netze, 2011, accessed on March 3, 2015 .
  13. ↑ a b c d Mainzer Anzeiger of June 5, 1986; quoted from Ulrich Rommelfanger: The consultative referendum . A constitutional, legal and comparative study. In: Writings on Public Law . tape 526 . Duncker and Humblot, Berlin 1988, ISBN 3-428-06374-0 , pp. 168 f .
  14. ↑ Figures from: FAZ , June 21, 1986, p. 3; according to Ulrich Rommelfanger: The consultative referendum . A constitutional, legal and comparative study. In: Writings on Public Law . tape 526 . Duncker and Humblot, Berlin 1988, ISBN 3-428-06374-0 , pp. 169 .
  15. ↑ Figures from: Horst Maus: 25 years ago - citizen survey in the AKK districts in June 1986 . ( Memento of 5 April 2013, Internet Archive ) (PDF, 2.3 MB): City of Mainz (ed.): We in the Rhine and Main - Mainz and the AKK communities , issue 1/2011, p. 11
  16. ↑ A good magnifying glass is really recommended . In: Allgemeine Zeitung Mainz , local section Mainz-Kastel ("Rhein-Main-Anzeiger"), June 7, 1986
  17. ↑ “With a participation of almost 70%, the survey resulted in a clear majority of the votes cast in favor of belonging to Mainz. Despite this clear vote, there is still no clarity about the will of the people, as Wiesbaden - in accordance with an agreement with Mainz on the importance of abstentions recorded before the survey - interprets the latter as a vote in favor of remaining with Wiesbaden. According to this reading, almost 54% would have voted in favor of maintaining the status quo. The survey did not resolve the AKK problem. ”In: Ulrich Rommelfanger: The consultative referendum . A constitutional, legal and comparative study. In: Writings on Public Law . tape 526 . Duncker and Humblot, Berlin 1988, ISBN 3-428-06374-0 , pp. 169 .
  18. ↑ Horst Maus: 25 years ago - citizen survey in the AKK districts in June 1986 ( Memento from April 5, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 2.3 MB) in: Landeshauptstadt Mainz (Ed.): Wir an Rhein und Main - Mainz and the AKK communities. Edition 1/2011. P. 11.
  19. ↑ BT-Drs. 10/4264
  20. ↑ BT-Drs. 10/6398
  21. ^ German Bundestag, stenographic report of the 246th session, pp. 19009ff; bundestag.de (PDF)
  22. ↑ “A draft law brought in by members of the Bundestag from all parties in Mainz, which aimed to amend Article 29, Paragraph 7 of the Basic Law in such a way that areas with up to 30,000 (instead of 10,000) residents are subject to the procedure in Article 29, Paragraph 7 , failed because of the two-thirds majority required for constitutional amendments. After holding an Akk-Hearing before the Legal and Internal Affairs Committee of the Bundestag, a two-thirds majority in the Legal Committee recommended an amendment to the Basic Law. In the plenary session of the Bundestag, however, the majority of the SPD members voted against the draft amendment, BT-Stenograph. Reports 10/19023. The Mainz suburbs on the right bank of the Rhine thus remain in Hesse. ”In: Ulrich Rommelfanger: The consultative referendum . A constitutional, legal and comparative study. In: Writings on Public Law . tape 526 . Duncker and Humblot, Berlin 1988, ISBN 3-428-06374-0 , pp. 169 .
  23. ↑ forum-mainz.de ( Memento from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF)
  24. ↑ Erich Michael Lang: weak points in school policy  ( page no longer available , search in web archives ). @1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.allgemeine-zeitung.de In: Allgemeine Zeitung Mainz , March 7, 2009, not freely accessible
  25. ↑ Wolfgang Wenzel: The process is reminiscent of the “lottery”. In: Wiesbaden Courier . from March 3, 2009, no longer available online
  26. ↑ 2010 timetable from ESWE Verkehr
  27. ↑ Gymnasium for AKK is not an issue . ( Memento from April 2, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) In: Wiesbadener Tagblatt , August 20, 2013; Retrieved May 28, 2014.
  28. ↑ Timetable from ESWE Verkehr for 2014 and 2015
  29. ↑ Quoted after Rolf Dörrlamm: The amputated city . In: Werner Hanfgarn (Ed.): Mainz. The amputated city. A documentation, Mainz 1984 and 2nd edition 1986, pp. 14 to 22, here p. 14.