Pro-movement

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pro-NRW demo on October 12, 2013 in Rheydt opposite the ar-Rahman mosque.

The pro-movement or pro-parties meant a conglomerate of parties , electoral associations and associations in Germany that were de jure independent, but de facto closely intertwined in terms of personnel, organization and program. The association pro Cologne and the parties pro NRW and pro Germany acted as central organizations . After the self-dissolution of pro Deutschland and pro Köln in 2017 and 2018 and the conversion of pro NRW into an association in 2019, the activities of the pro-movement were largely stopped. However, local groups such as the Pro Chemnitz citizens' movement still exist .

Social scientists and constitutional protection authorities classified the pro-movement as right-wing extremist and anti-constitutional . In self-portrayals she described herself as right-wing populist , conservative or “liberal” and oriented towards other right-wing populist parties in Europe such as the FPÖ in Austria or the Vlaams Belang in Belgium, with which there was also an official cooperation. In 2012, parts of the pro-movement were also the target of investigations against the neo-Nazi - comradeship " Freundeskreis Rade ".

In terms of content, the pro-movement made a name for itself mainly by stirring up fears and resentment towards Muslim migrants . This is followed by the rejection of the multicultural society and the warning of alleged " Islamization " and " foreign infiltration ". Other priorities were the need for a zero tolerance policy in the domestic policy , a commitment to the " Christian West " and the fight against " cliques and corruption ".

The exact number of members, activists and supporters of the pro-movement was not known. Official figures were only accessible to a limited extent due to the highly decentralized organizational structure, and the pro-parties themselves are demonstrably reporting incorrect membership figures in their press releases. The Office for the Protection of the Constitution of North Rhine-Westphalia estimated the number of members per Cologne , per NRW and per Germany at around 800 in 2015. In 2018, the number of party members per NRW was given as 400.

history

The so-called pro-movement came into being in 1996 with the establishment of the community of voters for the citizens' movement pro Cologne . According to the sociologist Alexander Häusler from the Department of Neo-Nazism at the Düsseldorf University of Applied Sciences , the term “citizens' movement” is misleading, as the members are not made up of citizens who have become politically active for a specific reason or goal, but rather from the failed right-wing extremist and racist collective movement German League for People and Homeland (DLVH) recruited. Häusler is one of the first scientists who systematically dealt with the pro-movement and published about it.

A large part of the members and the majority of the functionaries were also active in the past with the NPD , the DVU and the Republicans . For example, Markus Beisicht (chairman of the citizens 'movement pro NRW and the pro umbrella association and former chairman of the citizens' movement pro Cologne ) was formerly the state chairman of the DLVH in North Rhine-Westphalia and a member of the federal board of republicans. Even Manfred Rouhs (Chairman of Pro Germany Citizens' Movement and deputy chairman of the pro-federation) was formerly an official of the DLVH and the NPD.

Until 2005, the activities and the sphere of influence remained limited to the city of Cologne , but the management cadre maintained their contacts to the extreme right-wing milieu , most of which had their roots in the time before pro Köln was founded . In 2005 the citizens' movement pro Germany was founded. In 2006 the citizens 'movement pro Munich and the citizens' movement pro Heilbronn were formed , which is an independent association, but the majority of its members are also members of pro Germany . In 2007, almost without exception, members of pro Köln founded the party citizens' movement pro North Rhine-Westphalia (Pro NRW). In addition, the citizens' movement pro Baden-Württemberg was founded .

After initial successes in the municipal elections in Cologne in 2004 and a few other municipalities in North Rhine-Westphalia in 2009 , further smaller associations were founded under the name "Pro". But not all of them had a direct connection with pro NRW or pro Germany . Nevertheless, there were always attempts, especially by Markus Beisicht and Manfred Rouhs, to involve newly founded pro clubs. In some cases, however, the clubs distanced themselves from the pro-movement. In the previous year (2008), the pro-movement became known nationwide for the first time, after a controversial “anti-Islamization congress” had been held in Cologne with around 100 participants for both Cologne and North Rhine-Westphalia . There were 40,000 counter-demonstrators.

In 2010 an official cooperation with the Republicans party began . However, it ended after the Republicans ran against Pro Germany in the 2013 federal election and against pro NRW in the 2014 European elections . Likewise in 2010, the Pro-Movement attracted the first attention in East Germany with the commitment of the Mayor of Arnstadt, Hans-Christian Köllmer (Pro Arnstadt) for pro Germany and his reaction to critical voices.

In September 2012, the pro-movement received international reports for the first time after pro Germany announced that it would show the anti-Islam film Innocence of Muslims in Berlin. The announcement sparked protests around the world that also killed several people. Politicians from all parties spoke out against the action and demanded civil society engagement against the pro-movement.

In 2014 there was a split between pro Cologne / pro Germany and pro NRW. According to the protection of the constitution in North Rhine-Westphalia, however, there would be "no deep ideological and content-related debate". Rather, the dispute is about internal party power and the strategic question of whether one should continue to try to present oneself as a bourgeois party.

Supraregional election results

May 9, 2010 State election of North Rhine-Westphalia per NRW 1.4%
September 18, 2011 Berlin House of Representatives per Germany 1.2%
May 13, 2012 State election of North Rhine-Westphalia per NRW 1.5%
22nd September 2013 Bundestag election per Germany 0.2%
May 25, 2014 European elections per NRW 0.2%
August 31, 2014 State election of Saxony per Germany 0.2%

organization structure

Markus Beisicht (2008), chairman of the umbrella organization since 2010

Umbrella organization

In June 2010, the umbrella organization “Die Pro-Bewegungs (PRO) e. V. “, in which, according to its own statements, pro Cologne , pro NRW , pro Germany and other pro clubs are organized. Markus Beisicht has been chairman since then , and Manfred Rouhs has been appointed as his deputy . According to the statutes, the purpose of the association is the "Germany-wide coordination and coordination of the political work of the various independent pro-parties and associations in the municipalities and states".

Citizens' movement for Cologne

The five members of the citizens' movement "pro-Cologne" in the Cologne city council (2004)

The citizen movement pro Köln e. V. was founded on June 5th, 1996 and is considered the nucleus of the pro-movement. All subsequent parties and the majority of the electoral associations can be traced back to this association or its actors. At that time, Sven Möller, previously a member of the DLVH , was elected first chairman. Until 1999, however, the association remained largely insignificant, after which the DLVH officials Markus Beisicht, Manfred Rouhs and Bernd Schöppe joined the association. Judith Wolter , previously a member of the Republicans, became the new chairwoman of the association.

Pro Cologne became known to a wider public in 2002. At that time, the municipality of Chorweiler was looking for a suitable location to build a mosque. Pro Köln organized a collection of signatures and finally extended this campaign to the entire city area after further locations were suggested. Shortly before the local elections in 2004, the association submitted 28,000 signatures against the construction projects to the complaints committee of the Cologne City Council. Further campaigns were directed against refugee homes, most of which were inhabited by Sinti and Roma . In the 2004 local elections, pro Köln entered the Cologne City Council and has enjoyed parliamentary group status ever since. Judith Wolter was elected chairwoman of the parliamentary group, Markus Beisicht took over the chairmanship of the association.

While pro Köln worked together with members of the NPD as well as with activists from free comradeships in the early years , they later officially distanced themselves increasingly from such people. However, almost all pro-organizations take on former members and functionaries of extreme right-wing parties and organizations. Some of them continue to work in this milieu while they are active in a pro club . Others who left a pro club rejoined radical groups or other right-wing extremist parties or associations.

On March 7, 2018, the association announced that the board had resolved to dissolve it on March 2, 2018.

Citizens' movement pro NRW

The citizens' movement pro NRW was founded in 2007 mainly by the members of pro Köln . With a few exceptions, the majority of the executive board still consists of members from pro Cologne . Party chairman became the chairman of pro Cologne , Markus Beisicht. In contrast to pro Cologne , pro NRW was registered as a party with the aim of participating in the local elections in 2009 and the state elections in 2010.

In the municipal elections in North Rhine-Westphalia in 2009 , pro NRW was able to move into parliamentary groups in Cologne, Gelsenkirchen, Leverkusen, Bergheim, Dormagen and Radevormwald. In the state elections in 2010 , each NRW received 1.4% of the second vote. In the state elections in 2012 , each NRW achieved a result of 1.5% of the second vote.

Pro NRW was dissolved as a party by its members on March 24, 2019 and converted into an association.

Citizens' movement for Germany

Manfred Rouhs (with megaphone, 1999)

The citizens' movement pro Germany was founded in 2005. It set itself the goal of transferring the pro Köln model to the whole of Germany. However, the party's short-term activities were concentrated in only a few cities. Only in Berlin did the development work with the Berlin Regional Association begin.

In November 2017, the party decided to dissolve itself at a federal assembly. The previous members and municipal elected officials were asked to join the AfD .

Regional association in Berlin

In June 2010, the Berlin regional association was founded by pro Deutschland , which was named pro Berlin . In 2011, the former DVU member Lars Seidensticker was elected regional chairman of Berlin. The regional association took part in the elections for the Berlin House of Representatives in 2011 , received 1.2% of the second votes and failed to make it into all district assemblies (BVVs).

Pro Germany in Bavaria / Pro Munich

The citizens' movement pro Munich - patriotic and social e. V. was founded in January 2006. The founding members were almost exclusively former members of right-wing extremist parties, such as the deputy Bavarian NPD state chairman Roland Wuttke, the NPD functionary Norman Bordin or the chairman of the Munich German Party (DP) , Wolf-Peter Bombolowsky, who was also the first chairman of pro Munich was chosen. In the beginning, pro Munich had no organizational connection with the pro movement.

This changed in 2007, however. Representatives from pro NRW and pro Germany traveled to Munich several times to support the electoral association. In the local elections in Munich in March 2008 , however, she only received 0.9% of the vote and no seat on the city council. Pro NRW and pro Germany then distanced themselves from pro Munich . Manfred Rouhs from pro Deutschland also described the election as “legitimate”.

The functionaries from pro Munich then got involved in various groups. While the group around Stefan Werner switched to pro Germany , where Werner works as a youth representative and responsible for setting up the regional association of Bavaria, the group around Rüdiger Schrembs founded the citizen movement pro Bayern e. V. The staff of pro Bayern consists largely of former right-wing extremists. The chairman Rüdiger Schrembs was a member of the state board of the Bayern-NPD and a member of the DLVH. At a neo-Nazi demonstration in Nuremberg in 2007, Schrembs appeared as a speaker. In 2009, he was the Munich I Regional Court for defamation against homosexuals in the election advertising per Munich indicted. The proceedings were discontinued in return for a payment of 2,100 euros.

In May 2012, the pro-Germany district association of Munich was founded according to its own information . The district chairman was Stefan Werner , who was responsible for the youth department in the national board of pro Germany . Werner's political roots lie with the DP and the Republicans. In 2005 he entered the Bundestag election as a member of the German party on the list of the NPD Munich. Although both pro Germany and Stefan Werner distanced themselves from pro Bavaria , the district association presents itself in such a way that they have been building a pro-citizens' movement in Munich since 2006 and decided in 2011 to actively deliver as a regional association of pro Germany become.

Pro Baden-Württemberg / Pro Heilbronn

The registered associations Citizens Movement pro Heilbronn and Citizens Movement pro Baden-Württemberg were founded in 2006 and 2007 by Alfred Dagenbach , who is currently (as of 2016) also chairman of both clubs and deputy federal chairman of pro Germany . Both clubs are almost identical in terms of personnel and work closely with pro Germany .

In March 2009, the Republican faction in the Heilbronn municipal council decided with two out of three votes to rename itself Pro Heilbronn and join the clubs; a city council resigned from the parliamentary group in April. In the municipal council election in June 2009, each Heilbronn got two seats in the municipal council, but only received 4.8% of the vote, although the Republicans received 8.0% in the last municipal council election in 2004 and now they have their own in favor of pro Heilbronn Abstained from voting.

Citizens' movement for Saxony

Banner of the association "AFV", with which Nitzsche took part in a pro-movement event in 2008.

The citizen movement pro Sachsen e. V. was founded in 2011 by Henry Nitzsche as the umbrella organization of three smaller associations and the Saxony State Association of the German Social Union (DSU) . Nitzsche resigned from the CDU in his speeches in December 2006 after persistent criticism of sayings such as “After multicultural fagot now guilt cult”. He then founded the alliance Arbeit Familie Vaterland Liste Henry Nitzsche e. V. (AFV). Since 2007, Nitzsche has participated in pro Cologne rallies and has also appeared several times as a speaker.

In February 2011, the Saxon People's Party (SVP) and the Freedom Party of Germany (FPD) joined the umbrella organization in addition to members of the State Association of Saxony, the DSU and the Work-Family-Fatherland Alliance . On the same day, representatives from pro Bayern , Alfred Dagenbach and Markus Beisicht congratulated the company on its establishment. As early as July 2011, however, Nitzsche announced his resignation as chairman of the umbrella association and left the alliance because he saw the association "increasingly being infiltrated by the NPD". Johannes Hertrampf (FPD) became the new chairman, Mirko Schmidt (SVP) and Roberto Rink (DSU) were deputies .

In March 2012, Manfred Rouhs accepted an invitation from the DSU to speak at a meeting according to his own statements. A strategy meeting should have taken place beforehand with the aim of preparing the 2014 municipal and state elections in Saxony. However, a joint candidacy with pro Germany has not yet been confirmed by either pro Saxony or the DSU. Another meeting with Manfred Rouhs took place in August 2012. According to pro Deutschland , the board of pro Sachsen decided after this meeting to dissolve its own organization in the course of the year. Before that, an integration into pro Germany should take place. This has so far been neither denied nor confirmed by pro Sachsen .

The alliance does not have a uniform basic program. A short program has existed since July 2011, which is based on the programs of the member parties. For the state elections in Saxony in 2014 , pro Germany ran with the top candidate Mirko Schmidt. In addition, the DSU also competed with Rink as the top candidate.

Citizens' movement for Mainz

The citizen movement pro Mainz e. V. was founded in January 2010. The majority of the founding members were active with the Republicans until then , such as the deputy chairman Jens Jessen or the treasurer Stephan Stritter, who held the position of the deputy federal chairman of the republicans.

According to Alexander Häusler, everything points to an "at least informal cooperation" between pro Mainz and the pro movement, such as the analogous naming, the personal ties with the Mainz republicans and their relationship with pro Cologne as well as the correspondence of the core political positions. In terms of political positioning, Mainz also tried to address CDU dropouts, used right-wing populist rhetoric, railed against the established parties and in some cases even used the same choice of words as the pro movement. There were also contacts with the DSU. Against this background, the demand from pro Mainz to “combat all extremism” seems “like lip service”, said Häusler. It is also not uncommon for the pro-movement to “fall back on the know-how and logistics of right-wing extremists”, although they officially distance themselves from them in order to remain eligible.

In the Mayor elections in Mainz 2012, the candidate of the electoral association received 1,030 votes (1.6%).

Pro Arnstadt

The community of voters Pro Arnstadt e. V. was founded in 1994 and belongs to the Thuringia regional association of free voters. It provided the mayor of Arnstadt until 2012 and has been represented on the city council in parliamentary groups for many years. The name was coincidental and had nothing to do with the pro Cologne electoral group founded in 1996 . Contacts to the pro-movement exist in particular through the association's founder, functionary and former mayor Hans-Christian Köllmer . Pro Arnstadt is not monitored by the Office for the Protection of the Constitution and is not classified as right-wing extremist by the Thuringian state government. The mayor Köllmer was also supported by the local CDU parliamentary group there during his tenure in the city council , although they distanced themselves from the rapprochement with pro Germany . In 2010 it was not yet possible for the Thuringian state government to conclusively assess whether Pro Arnstadt fulfilled a "hinge function" between conservatives and right-wing extremists.

In December 2009, Köllmer gave a speech at a federal assembly of pro Deutschland and signed its open letter at the end of January 2010 in support of Thilo Sarrazin . Köllmer's announcement that he would join pro Germany and help it gain more validity in Thuringia led to a dispute with Thuringia's Interior Minister Peter Huber (CDU) and in many cases to calls for resignation, including from the Vice-President of the German Bundestag, Katrin Göring-Eckardt (Greens). A formal and altogether fourth motion to vote out in the city council did not get the required two-thirds majority and was rejected by eleven to thirteen votes. In October of the same year, the announced accession of Köllmer was discussed in a small question on pro Germany in the Bundestag. In 2012, Köllmer did not run for mayoral elections for reasons of age.

links

Cooperation with the party "The Republicans"

In December 2009, the federal chairman of the party “ The Republicans ” (REP), Rolf Schlierer , initially categorically ruled out any collaboration with the pro-movement. There is no such thing as “cuddling in brown corners” with the Republicans, according to Schlierer, who at that time still assigned the pro-movement “clearly to the far right spectrum”. In the future, too, one will "not cooperate with people who have lost all proceedings against the VS observation because of their unexplained connections to the extremist spectrum ".

In March 2010, the delegates of the “Republicans” passed a resolution at a federal party congress entitled “Postpone what separates - together for our country”. The resolution instructs the federal executive committee of the “Republicans” to conduct “talks and negotiations with other parties and groups”. The pro-movement was explicitly mentioned. By November 2010, contacts between pro NRW and Republicans were expanded. The two party chairmen, Beisicht and Schlierer, announced that they wanted to work together more closely in the future and organize joint events in Cologne and Stuttgart . In addition, they wanted to set up a common electoral platform by the time the EU Parliament was elected in 2014. This project was not implemented, the two parties ran separately for the 2014 European elections and both could not move into the European Parliament.

Cooperation with foreign parties

There is close contact between the pro-movement and the far-right separatist party Vlaams Belang from Belgium. The Vlaams Belang supported pro Cologne and pro NRW at several larger events. In part, they organized the anti-Islamization congress in 2009. Markus Beisicht worked with Filip Dewinter on a European referendum for a Europe-wide ban on minarets based on the EU constitutional treaty, which ultimately did not materialize. In addition to the Vlaams Belang, the Pro-Movement maintains contacts with the Austrian FPÖ and representatives of the Swiss SVP . According to the Office for the Protection of the Constitution, there are also connections to the Italian Lega Nord and the French Front National .

In 2007 Beisicht also took part in a conference of the right-wing parliamentary group Identity, Tradition, Sovereignty in the European Parliament. The Czech extremist Petra Edelmannová from the Národní strana party , which a. a. calls for the “final solution to the gypsy question”, took part in an event organized by pro NRW in Cologne in 2009 . In addition, according to its own information, there are contacts with the British right-wing extremist and racist British National Party and its chairman Nick Griffin, as well as the Catalan right-wing extremist party Plataforma per Catalunya . Taylor Rose, chairman of the “Youth for Western Civilization” took part in a demonstration by pro NRW in 2011 . The Youth for Western Civilization was part of the American tea party movement .

Relationship with right-wing media

The pro-movement is publicly reported benevolently in Junge Freiheit and the Internet portal Politically Incorrect (PI). However, there were temporary upheavals between the operators of PI, especially Stefan Herre , and the pro-movement and the actors associated with it. Criticism was voiced by the latter that Herre had been too strongly a party for Die Freiheit since the end of 2010 , thereby damaging not only the previously good relationships with the pro-parties, but also the “Islamic-critical forces in Germany” as a whole. Since the beginning of 2012, however, regular reports have been made about the pro-movement.

In addition, leading members publish regularly in relevant right-wing extremist media such as the German Voice , First! or kreuz.net .

Non-partisan youth association

In September 2012, a non-partisan youth association of various right-wing parties and the pro-movement was founded under the name Ring of Liberal Youth in Germany (RFJD). Tony-Xaver Fiedler , the pro-NRW youth representative, was elected chairman of the group ; he had tried unsuccessfully in the past to set up the DVU youth association. Representatives of the parties Die Freiheit and Die Republikaner as well as the violence-affirming German Defense League , an offshoot of the English Defense League , were elected as his deputies . However, the federal executive committee of Freedom distanced itself from the participation of its members and announced a party expulsion procedure against them.

Political strategies

Self-presentation

In their own account, most of the pro-parties claim that it was citizens without a party who founded the respective “ citizens' movement ”. But when pro Köln was founded in 1996, Sven Müller, a former member of the right-wing extremist German League for People and Homeland, became the club's chairman. The protagonists deliberately chose the term “citizens' movement”. According to a study by political scientist Hans-Georg Wehling , the free voters in their strongholds of Baden-Württemberg, Bavaria and Schleswig-Holstein achieved over 40% of the municipal mandates in the municipal councils nationwide in the local elections. The designation of the pro-groupings as a “citizens' movement” also aimed at being able to benefit from this development.

Opposition politics and rhetoric

In the city councils, the community representatives of the pro-movement represent the strategy of a fundamental opposition . In the past, especially in North Rhine-Westphalia ( North Rhine-Westphalia ) , they benefited from the fact that, due to the changes in the municipal code of the state of North Rhine-Westphalia - in particular due to the elimination of the threshold clause in 1999 - the city and municipal councils are now also here not as local parliaments, but as Organs of self-administration are considered, which ideally should look for the best way and a consensus together : A new situation for the state, which especially in NRW favored this occurrence. Particularly pro Cologne and pro NRW present themselves as the “only real opposition” that does not swim in the “uniformity of the old parties”.

The community representatives of the pro-movement always put in a large number of applications and inquiries at the beginning of each meeting. Since there are still numerous visitors present at this point in time, the pro-parliamentary groups present themselves as a particularly active group. After the meeting is over, it is presented as "chaotic" and the mayor as the chairman of the meeting is described as "incompetent" and "overwhelmed". They then describe themselves as particularly “close to the citizen”, although many of their applications have already passed through the district representatives or committees in advance and have been rejected. In order to transfer this strategy to other cities and municipalities, the so-called “Municipal Political Association of the Pro-Movement” (KPV PRO) was founded, which, according to its own statements, should be available not only to the city and municipal councils of pro Cologne and pro NRW , but everyone interested municipal mandate holders.

In order to preserve the appearance of a citizens' movement, in addition to this general strategy, according to the KPV , pro Köln also offered seminars on rhetoric at which its worldview could be represented less openly. It is not known to what extent other pro-parties and associations have made use of these offers, but other parliamentary groups and individual community representatives proceed in a similar or identical manner, as they themselves make clear on their community websites. Similar observations can be made when dealing with the press or the judiciary when a pro-party or individual members are unsuccessful with their communal goals.

Membership numbers, polls and statistics

The Office for the Protection of the Constitution of North Rhine-Westphalia estimated the number of members of pro Cologne and pro NRW in 2011 at around 1,000, the number of activists at around 350. In the past, various forgeries occurred in the information provided by representatives from pro Cologne and pro NRW Membership numbers, statistics and surveys.

In 2008, 2009 and 2010, for example, incorrect membership figures were shown in the press releases. According to the political reports , in which a party is obliged to provide correct information, the number of members was reported up to about 65 percent higher than was the case in reality. According to the Federal Agency for Civic Education and the Office for the Protection of the Constitution, the number of participants is regularly about three times too high when demonstrations are held. This development reached its peak at an event in 2011, when the representatives of pro NRW spoke of around 2,500 participants, but actually only 300 were present.

Statistics are also being invented and poll results are falsified in order to support political demands. In 2009, for example, statistics from the Berlin State Criminal Police Office were published in a promotional video that allegedly 98 percent of the violent crimes in Berlin were committed by foreigners, most of them Muslims. However, such statistics do not exist. Surveys that make migrants appear violent are also presented, but no source is provided for these surveys.

The former top functionary Andreas Molau confirmed the allegations against pro NRW after leaving . The chairman Markus Beisicht has a "very flexible relationship to the truth," said Molau.

Provocative actions

The parties of the pro-movement are poorly positioned both personally and financially. For this reason, attempts are made to reach a large public with little effort. In a targeted manner, “social and political problems are addressed” and “ populist campaigns are racially occupied”, according to Alexander Häusler in a handout from the Düsseldorf University of Applied Sciences on behalf of the NRW State Integration Council . This happens, for example, through actions against the building of mosques , including those that are supported by the local population.

In September 2008 the pro-movement organized a so-called anti-Islamization congress in Cologne. The planned speakers included Henry Nitzsche and Mario Borghezio ( Lega Nord ). Various political and social groups organized counter-demonstrations and blockades under the motto “Let's face it”, in which up to 40,000 people took part, while the actual “congress” was only attended by around 100 participants. The protest led to the cancellation of the planned congress; the central rally was banned by the police for security reasons. The response was divided: while several politicians praised the protests as a sign of exemplary civil courage , constitutional lawyer Josef Isensee , among others, expressed concern that the police were unable to protect the constitutional right to freedom of assembly . The pro-movement received considerable public attention nationwide for the first time through the “Congress” and the large counter-demonstrations. The congress was repeated in May 2009 in Cologne.

In the state election campaign in 2012, Pro NRW organized a so-called freedom instead of Islam tour and an “Islamic caricature competition”, in which party officials gathered in front of around 25 mosques and displayed anti-Islamic cartoons and, according to the Central Council of Muslims, shouted xenophobic slogans. This was deliberately attempted in front of controversial mosques, where supporters of Salafism were also present. At first the demonstrations were peaceful, but further violent clashes by Salafists and their supporters, in which 35 police officers were injured, two of them seriously. The party owed around 150,000 euros in 2012 and tried to gain the necessary attention with such actions in order to pass the important 1% hurdle for receiving party funding , which ultimately succeeded.

On September 13, 2012, pro Germany announced that it would show the Islamophobic film Innocence of Muslims in Berlin and invite the Christian fundamentalist preacher Terry Jones to do so. The film premiered a few months earlier in the USA and led to riots in Islamic countries, in which the US Ambassador J. Christopher Stevens and other employees of the embassy in Libya were killed. The Endstation Rechts initiative rated the announcement as a "provocation for an end in itself". The pro-movement grabbed "every little straw to bring their [alleged] citizens' movement into the public interest". One day later, Islamists tried to storm the German embassy in Sudan . Federal Minister of the Interior Hans-Peter Friedrich announced that he wanted to prevent the film from being shown by all legally permissible means and accused Manfred Rouhs of "provoking the Islamists in Germany as well" and thereby "adding fuel to the fire through gross negligence."

Creation of supporter databases

In 2006, Manfred Rouhs officially presented a strategy paper of the pro-movement on network building in Cologne, which is entitled "Development Concept". In this concept, the creation of citizen inquiries is described as the “core work of the citizen movement”. According to this, public petitions are started at the municipal level on locally controversial topics such as the building of mosques or the opening of asylum facilities in order to collect signatures. The addresses of the signatories are recorded in a card index by the federal or regional association and structured according to members, donors, supporters and interested parties. The people are then regularly supplied with advertising material from the pro-movement. As soon as the local topic is exhausted, a new topic from the areas of “multi-culturalism, crime development, corruption and social justice” is sought and a new petition is started with the same procedure.

reception

science

The sociologist Alexander Häusler assigned the pro-movement to the extreme right, a form of right-wing extremism that surrounds itself with a “right-wing populist shell”. Häusler uses the term “extreme right” to denote the “far right edge of the political spectrum”. This collective term encompasses the “entire political right wing spectrum” from the “brown zone between right-wing conservative and right-wing extremist circles” to “openly neo-Nazi scenes”. Criteria for classification in terms of content are ethnic- nationalistic , racist and anti-Semitic manifestations, authoritarian political ideas, the rejection of the principle of social equality, discrimination against minorities and the ethnicization or nationalization of social and economic problems. The extreme right stylizes the multicultural society as the central enemy. Campaigns against the construction of mosques and minarets would be used to make a racism charged with cultural and religious beliefs socially acceptable.

Political scientist Christoph Butterwegge , professor emeritus at the University of Cologne , agreed with Häusler's classification; pro Cologne , pro NRW and pro Germany are right-wing extremists and at the same time populist. The party would be "serious and bourgeois-democratic", but incite "against ethnic and religious minorities". The staff of the pro-movement are largely recruited from "old fighters of right-wing extremist parties". Butterwegge assumes that the strength of the pro-movement lies in the municipal area. Here she had partially succeeded in bringing her own content to the political center. The party officially dissociates itself from the NPD, but this is only a tactic to win bourgeois voters. At the same time, the party takes on numerous members and officials of the NPD. Butterwegge analyzes that the pro-movement is clearly racist, nationalist and undemocratic . You give yourself "the appearance of being close to the people". And many people would fall into it.

According to the analysis of the sociologist Christoph Busch from the University of Siegen , the pro-movement is "playing a pioneering role in Germany in the right-wing extremist party spectrum". In terms of content, the focus is on the “anti-Islam policy, but also the exclusion of other minorities”.

The political scientist Frank Überall sees a right-wing radical attitude at pro Cologne as the nucleus of the pro movement. "Groups like for Cologne [...] are not [...] about factual politics", as they would "repeatedly emphasize", but about "conveying a closed world view of the New Right ", which in turn is "ideological, personal and organizational The hinge between democratic conservatism and manifest right-wing extremism ”. The pro-movement as a whole “therefore deliberately gave itself an aura of bourgeoisie” because “openly National Socialist and xenophobic agitation” was not well received by the population.

The constitutional lawyer Ingo von Münch also places the main organization pro NRW in the area of ​​right-wing extremism, although it is a "politically not very easy to locate movement". The criminalist Bernd Wagner , who is an expert on right-wing extremism and right-wing radicalism and founded the neo-Nazi dropout initiative Exit Germany , also joins this .

Constitutional Protection Authorities

Pro Cologne has been since 2004, per NRW since 2010 the Protection of the Constitution observed in North Rhine-Westphalia, because these groups " actual evidence for an anti-constitutional aspiration" present. Since 2011, both have been officially classified as unconstitutional , a classification that several courts followed and confirmed the correctness of the constitutional protection reports. This also applies to the youth organization of pro NRW , whose demands are "in line with the NPD".

They would with their statements and claims that "the fundamental law concretized human rights disregard", in particular the human dignity and the prohibition of discrimination . One focus of the campaigns is to “spread prejudices about Muslims in order to arouse or reinforce fears”. Muslims would be portrayed as "undesirable [...] second-class people". The Office for the Protection of the Constitution particularly emphasizes the "analogy of a homogeneous national body , which is actually only common in orthodox right-wing extremism ", which is being "decomposed by a destructive force from outside - here 'multiculturalism'". People of other cultures or religions would be seen "in this sense obviously as a deadly disease " that "irreversibly damage the immune system of the 'people's body'". These statements not only denied people of the Muslim faith their basic right to exercise their religion freely, but also negated the right to exist and to reside for this population group throughout Europe. Both stand “in stark contradiction” to the free-democratic basic order .

In addition, other people with a migrant background would be “shown to be marginalized as criminals and not integrable” as well as “generally belittled and defamed”. They would stir up “latent fears of foreign infiltration ”, spread “xenophobic resentment” and also not shy away from defaming seriously ill people with a migration background. In doing so, I also use invented statistics and surveys for each NRW to support their demands. Both groups also acted against sexual minorities. Homosexuals are "made subtly contemptible" and "belittled by defamatory formulations".

The report on the protection of the constitution for 2012 names both pro Cologne and pro NRW in connection with the right-wing extremist blog kreuz.net , which went offline in December 2012.

In the report for 2011, a place in the area of ​​right-wing extremism is also assigned per Germany . There are also indications of suspicion of extremist tendencies.

Protagonists

The pro-movement was grassroots and bourgeois, but a large part of the decisions were made by a relatively small number of functionaries, who are or were predominantly active in the right-wing extremist scene. Here is a selection of important people:

  • Markus Beisicht , ex-state chairman of the DLVH , ex-republican, ex-defense lawyer of Axel Reitz , author of the blog kreuz.net
  • Judith Wolter , ex-Republican, attorney at DVU, took part in events organized by the NPD youth organization
  • Markus Wiener
  • Daniel Schöppe (until January 2013) , ex-state youth representative of the DLVH
  • Bernd Schöppe , ex-participant in marches of the neo-Nazi scene
  • Jörg Uckermann
  • Andreas Molau (until 2012) , ex-federal board member of the NPD, ex-member of the DVU, ex-chairman of the Society for Free Journalism . In July 2012 Molau announced his exit from the right-wing extremist scene.
  • Kevin Gareth Hauer , ex-Republican
  • Manfred Rouhs , ex-NPD candidate, ex-member of the DLVH, ex-member of the Republicans, ex-country chairman of the Young National Democrats
  • Nico Ernst , ex-district treasurer of the NPD, ex-participant in marches of the militant neo-Nazi scene
  • Patrik Brinkmann (until December 2011) , ex-DVU member, founder of the right-wing extremist "Continent Europe Foundation"
  • Max Branghofer , ex-state chairman of the NRW-DVU
  • Lars Seidensticker , ex-member of the DVU, ex-member of the Republicans
  • Torsten Meyer , ex-state chairman of the Berlin DVU
  • Rüdiger Schrembs , ex-member of the state board of Bavaria-NPD and ex-member of the DLVH.
  • Stefan Werner , ex-candidate of the NPD, ex-member of the German party and ex-member of the Republicans
  • Alfred Dagenbach , ex-Republican
  • Johannes Hertrampf
  • Roberto Rink , ex-participant of NPD events
  • Mirko Schmidt , elected to the Saxon state parliament for the NPD in 2004, founder of the Saxon People's Party in 2006

literature

  • Gideon Botsch , Olaf Glöckner, Christoph Kopke, Michael Spieker (all ed.): Islamophobia and anti-Semitism - a controversial comparison. de Gruyter, 2012, ISBN 978-3-11-026510-1 , pp. 182-187.
  • Christoph Busch : Rhenish right-wing radicalism. In: Sheets for German and international politics. H. 9/2008, pp. 17-20.
  • Christoph Busch: Politics production and representation in the municipal parliamentary work of pro Köln. In: Political Communication Today: Contributions from the 5th Düsseldorf Forum Political Communication. Frank & Timme, 2010, ISBN 978-3-86596-271-3 , pp. 67-87.
  • Dominik Clemens, Hendrik Puls (Ed.): 33 questions and answers on Pro Köln / Pro NRW. Development, ideology and strategies of a supposed citizens' movement. Publishing house NS Documentation Center, Cologne 2014, ISBN 978-3-938636-21-3 ( PDF file )
  • Frank Decker , Viola Neu (Hrsg.): Handbook of the German parties. VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, Wiesbaden 2013, ISBN 978-3-658-00962-5 , pp. 181-185.
  • Sebastian Edathy , Bernd Sommer : The two faces of right-wing extremism in Germany - issues, power resources and mobilization potential of the extreme right. In: Stephan Braun , Alexander Geisler, Martin Gerster (eds.): Strategies of the extreme right. Background - analyzes - answers. VS Verlag, Wiesbaden 2009, ISBN 978-3-531-15911-9 , pp. 45-57.
  • Alexander Häusler (Ed.): Right-wing populism as a "citizen movement". Campaigns against Islam and the construction of mosques and communal counter-strategies. VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, Wiesbaden 2008, ISBN 978-3-531-15919-5 .
  • Alexander Häusler: Anti-Islamic right-wing populism in the extreme right - the “PRO” movement as a new force. In: Stephan Braun, Alexander Geisler, Martin Gerster (eds.): Strategies of the extreme right. Wiesbaden 2009, ISBN 978-3-531-15911-9 .
  • Alexander Häusler, Jürgen Peters, Tomas Sager, AK RUHR / LAGA NRW (ed.): Right-wing populism in the form of a “citizens' movement” - structure and political methodology of PRO NRW and PRO DEUTSCHLAND. 2010 ( PDF file ( Memento from November 22, 2010 in the Internet Archive )).
  • Alexander Häusler, Tomas Sager , Rainer Roeser : “Maximum provocation” - On dealing with right-wing populist election campaigns in the run-up to the NRW state elections in 2012. Düsseldorf 2012 ( PDF file ( memento from October 20, 2012 on WebCite )).
  • Michael Lausberg : The Pro-Movement - History, content, strategies of the "Pro Cologne Citizens Movement" and the "Pro NRW Citizens Movement". Unrast Verlag, 2010, ISBN 978-3-89771-504-2 .
  • Michael Schomers : Germany on the far right. Kiepenheuer & Witsch, 1990, ISBN 3-462-02026-9 .
  • Frank Überall : "I am the punishment ..." Right-wing populism of the "pro-movement" using the example of their application behavior in the Cologne city council. State working group of the municipal migrant representations of North Rhine-Westphalia (LAGA NRW) and integration officer of the state government of North Rhine-Westphalia (publisher), Cologne 2010 ( PDF file ( Memento from March 30, 2013 on WebCite )).
  • Volker Weiß : Pro or contra Islam - internal dispute on the right edge. In: Claudia Globisch, Agnieszka Pufelska, Volker Weiß (eds.): The dynamics of the European right: history, continuities and change. VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 2010, ISBN 978-3-531-17191-3 , pp. 236–241.

Web links

Websites of the parties and associations

Websites to assess the pro-movement

Footnotes

  1. ↑ tagesspiegel.de
  2. ↑ koeln.de
  3. ↑ Constitutional Protection Report of the State of North Rhine-Westphalia for 2015, section “Citizens' Movement Pro NRW, Pro Köln eV and Pro Germany”, p. 60.
  4. ↑ tagesspiegel.de
  5. ↑ Alexander Häusler (ed.): Right-wing populism as a "citizen movement". 2008, pp. 12-13.
  6. ↑ a b Report on the Protection of the Constitution of the State of North Rhine-Westphalia for the year 2011. ( Memento from December 17, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Ministry of the Interior and Local Affairs of the State of North Rhine-Westphalia, 2012, p. 35.
  7. ↑ Alexander Häusler et al. (Ed.): Right-wing populism in the form of a “citizens' movement”. 2010, pp. 5-7, 16, 23-28.
    Alexander Häusler (Ed.): Right-wing populism as a "citizen movement". 2008, p. 26;
    Butterwegge: right-wing populists with magic hats. WDR, 2007;
    Christoph Busch: Strengthening Democracy - Fighting Right-Wing Extremism. Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung, 2008, ISBN 978-3-89892-892-2 , pp. 28-29.
  8. ^ A b Freia Peters, Kristian Frigelj: Cologne defends itself against right-wing extremists. In: Welt Online . September 20, 2008.
  9. ↑ a b Report on the Protection of the Constitution of the State of North Rhine-Westphalia for 2011, p. 38.
  10. ↑ a b Marina Hube: icing on Arnstadt. ( Memento from June 30, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) In: Research focus right-wing extremism / neo-Nazism, Düsseldorf University of Applied Sciences . August 20, 2010 (PDF; 90 kB).
    Olaf Sundermeyer: A mayor in Haider's footsteps. In: The time . June 9, 2010.
    Olaf Sundermeyer: »Yes, I'm on the right« In: Jüdische Allgemeine . July 22, 2010.
  11. ↑ a b End of the line right : Right-wing populist rioters follow up: PRO Germany wants to show the controversial “Mohammed film” in Berlin. September 14, 2012.
  12. ^ A b Pro Deutschland wants to show Mohammed film in Berlin. ( Memento from September 17, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) In: Zeit online. September 13, 2012.
  13. ^ Constitutional Protection Report of the State of North Rhine-Westphalia for 2015, section “Citizens' Movement Pro NRW, Pro Köln eV and Pro Germany”, pp. 64–66.
  14. ↑ Report on the website of the party pro NRW from June 15, 2010 with the title Pro-Movement founded as an official umbrella organization . ( Memento of the original from November 11, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Alexander Häusler: The "PRO movement" and anti-Muslim cultural racism from the far right. In: Expertise for Democracy. 1/2011, p. 1. ( Memento of November 11, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Message on the website of the Pro Germany party from June 15, 2012 with the title "Pro-Movement founded as an official umbrella organization" . @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.pro-nrw.net

  15. ↑ a b Alexander Häusler (Ed.): Right-wing populism as a "citizen movement". 2008, p. 12.
  16. ↑ koeln-unzensiert.de ( Memento of the original from March 24, 2018 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.koeln-unzensiert.de
  17. ↑ Pro NRW says goodbye to the political landscape
  18. ↑ AfD does not want members of Pro Deutschland
  19. ↑ a b c Gideon Botsch et al. (Ed.): Islamophobia and anti-Semitism - a controversial comparison. 2012, p. 183.
  20. ↑ a b c Net against Nazis: Catch basin: Former DVU regional chief running for the Berlin regional association of “Pro Germany”. March 24, 2011.
  21. ^ Election evaluation: Pro Köln distances itself from Pro Munich. ( Memento from September 8, 2012 in the web archive archive.today ) jungefreiheit.de, March 3, 2008.
  22. ^ A b c Mathias Roth: Right-wing extremists "PRO Bayern": Right-wing populists meeting in Rechberg. regensburg-digital from April 11, 2011.
  23. ^ Robert Andreasch: Internet portal Pro Munich . On the website Netz gegen Nazis from May 4, 2008.
  24. ↑ tz.de : TZ's reply to the proceedings against Schremps from April 22, 2009 .
  25. ^ Munich district association founded. Homepage of pro Munich, accessed on June 20, 2012 ( Memento of the original from June 2, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / promuenchen.wordpress.com
  26. ↑ Own representation of the Munich District Association (pro Germany) on their website, accessed on June 20, 2012. ( Memento of the original from May 17, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Reference to the illustration that one has been active since 2006. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / promuenchen.wordpress.com
  27. ↑ Alexander Häusler (ed.): Right-wing populism as a "citizen movement". 2008, p. 16.
  28. ↑ Joachim Friedl, Carsten Friese: Municipal Council without Republicans . In: Heilbronn voice . April 3, 2009 ( from Stimme.de [accessed April 4, 2009]).
  29. ↑ Oliver Cruzcampo: Ex-CDU deputy founds right-wing conservative voters' association. Right end of the line, February 7, 2011.
  30. ↑ Stern: Nitzsche declares resignation from the CDU , December 15, 2006.
  31. ^ Free press: Right-wing conservative alliance founded in Saxony ( Memento from March 14, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) February 7, 2011.
  32. ^ Homepage of Pro NRW: Pro NRW congratulates on the establishment of Pro Sachsen. ( Memento of February 13, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) February 7, 2011.
  33. ^ Homepage of pro things: Board of Directors ( memento of November 8, 2011 in the Internet Archive ), accessed on April 23, 2012.
  34. ^ Homepage of pro Deutschland: "Manfred Rouhs spoke in Saxony" , from March 24, 2012.
  35. ^ Homepage of pro Deutschland: Manfred Rouhs spoke in Leipzig on August 5, 2012.
  36. ↑ statistik.sachsen.de
  37. ↑ statistik.sachsen.de
  38. ↑ a b Marcel Pauly: Mainz Republicans in Sheep's Clothing In: Zeit Online . July 12, 2010.
  39. ↑ Mayor election Mainz 2012 - final result. In: mainz.de .
  40. ↑ Small question no. 497 (printed matter: 5/1125) by MP Renner (Die Linke) and answer from the Thuringian Ministry of the Interior (June 14, 2010) ( contacts from members of the "Pro Arnstadt" group to Pro Germany or other right-wing populist or right-wing extremists Persons and Groups - PDF ).
  41. ↑ Jochen Baier: New references to proximity to the neo-Nazi scene. In: Hagalil . April 15, 2010.
  42. ↑ Engagement with “Pro Deutschland”: Köllmer angered the CDU . thueringer-allgemeine.de, March 29, 2010 , accessed on November 9, 2010.
  43. ^ Criticism of Köllmer and Kreistag . tlz.de, March 22, 2010 , accessed on November 9, 2010.
  44. ^ Motion to vote against Köllmer rejected by 13:11 votes . thueringer-allgemeine.de, May 21, 2010 , accessed on November 9, 2010.
  45. ↑ Findings of the federal government on the activities of the party "pro Germany", especially on its federal party congress on July 17, 2010 in Berlin . bundestag.de, October 6, 2010 (PDF; 78 kB), accessed on February 16, 2011.
  46. ↑ Westdeutsche Allgemeine Zeitung: Pro NRW and Republicans compete together , from November 8, 2010
    Die Tageszeitung: New Partnerships on the Right Edge , October 13, 2010
    Press statement by the Republicans: Republicans remain loyal to the constitution. ( Memento of December 17, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) (2009), retrieved from the homepage of the Berchtesgaden district association.
  47. ↑ a b Constitutional Protection Report of the State of North Rhine-Westphalia for 2011, p. 34.
  48. ↑ Federal Agency for Civic Education : Report on the Anti-Islamization Congress , June 4, 2009.
  49. ^ Constitutional Protection of the State of North Rhine-Westphalia: Interim Report 2009. Developments and analyzes of extremism in North Rhine-Westphalia. ( Memento of December 17, 2013 in the Internet Archive ). Düsseldorf, November 2009 (PDF; 1.3 MB).
  50. ^ Redok : Interesting facts about the "Anti-Islamization Congress" by "pro Köln" and "pro NRW". ( Memento of June 5, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) July 10, 2008.
  51. ↑ Der Standard : German Protection of the Constitution sees FPÖ in right-wing extremist cooperation , from July 21, 2011.
  52. ↑ Volker Weiß: Pro or contra Islam - internal dispute on the right edge. In: Claudia Globisch, Agnieszka Pufelska, Volker Weiß (eds.): The dynamics of the European right. History, continuities and change. 2010, p. 236.
  53. ↑ Astrid Geisler, Christoph Schultheis: Heile Welten. Real everyday life in Germany. Carl Hanser, Munich 2011, ISBN 978-3-446-23578-6 , p. 144.
  54. ^ Constitutional Protection Report of the State of North Rhine-Westphalia for 2012. ( Memento from December 5, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Ministry of the Interior and Local Affairs of the State of North Rhine-Westphalia, 2013, p. 38.
  55. ↑ Häusler: Right-wing populism in the form of a “citizens' movement”. 2010, p. 11.
  56. ^ "Against the left mainstream" ( Memento from May 2, 2010 in the Internet Archive ). In: First! April 23, 2010 (Interview with Judith Wolter)
  57. ↑ The wannabe culture fighters. In: time online. 17th September 2012.
  58. ↑ End station on the right: Attack department? Anti-Islamists found bipartisan youth association , 16 September 2012.
  59. ↑ Why DIE FREIHEIT does not want to work with the PRO movement. ( Memento of September 26, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Press release by the Freedom Party, September 23, 2012.
  60. ^ Founding of Pro Köln - own presentation on the history of the association, accessed on June 21, 2012 ( Memento from December 30, 2013 in the Internet Archive ).
  61. ^ Founding of pro NRW - own presentation on the history of the party, accessed on June 21, 2012 ( Memento from June 11, 2012 in the Internet Archive ).
  62. ^ Hiltrud and Karl-Heinz Naßmacher: Local politics in Germany. Opladen 1999, ISBN 3-8252-2097-4 (UTB), ISBN 3-8100-2377-9 (Leske + Budrich), p. 33.
  63. ^ Constitutional Protection Report of the State of North Rhine-Westphalia for 2011, p. 37.
  64. ↑ Frank Überall: "I am the punishment ..." Right-wing populism of the "pro-movement" using the example of their application behavior in the Cologne city council. 2010, p. 6.
  65. ↑ Frank Überall: "I am the punishment ..." Right-wing populism of the "pro-movement" using the example of their application behavior in the Cologne city council. 2010, pp. 33-34.
  66. ↑ Frank Überall: "I am the punishment ..." Right-wing populism of the "pro-movement" using the example of their application behavior in the Cologne city council. 2010, p. 9.
  67. ^ Website of pro Köln: Verbatim minutes prove: Freedom of expression was yesterday, scandal-Mayor Roters is today. ( Memento of February 16, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) December 15, 2010.
  68. ^ Website of pro Köln: Cologne budget disaster: Citizens should be asked to pay again! ( Memento from June 2, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) May 23, 2012.
  69. ^ Homepage of pro Köln: Pro-Movement founds local political association. ( Memento of December 17, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) June 15, 2011.
  70. ↑ "I am the punishment ..." Right-wing populism of the "pro-movement" using the example of their application behavior in the Cologne city council. ( Memento from January 5, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 5.4 MB). Empirical study by Frank Überall, April 2010, p. 7 and p. 9.
  71. ^ Homepage of pro Köln: Fines for critical expressions of opinion by uncomfortable opposition members? ( Memento of April 3, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) March 20, 2012.
  72. ↑ Constitutional Protection Report of the State of North Rhine-Westphalia for 2011, pp. 27 and 37.
  73. ^ Press release of the party pro NRW:, from July 3, 2008 (Internet archive);
    Party report for 2008, p. 31;
    FPÖ forges new alliance with German rights. In: Spiegel online. October 27, 2010;
    Accountability report of the parties for 2009, p. 161;
    Press release of the party pro NRW: FPÖ relies on the start of the pro movement for the 2014 European elections - now updated. ( Memento of November 1, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) October 27, 2010;
    Accountability report of the parties for 2010, p. 185.
  74. ↑ Federal Agency for Civic Education: "Much Hot Air" , June 4, 2009.
  75. ↑ Broad protest against right-wing pro-NRW parade. In: Westdeutsche Allgemeine Zeitung . May 7, 2011.
  76. ↑ Constitutional Protection Report of the State of North Rhine-Westphalia for 2011, p. 32.
  77. ↑ Looking to the right: the end of a career. July 30, 2012.
  78. ↑ Alexander Häusler et al .: Maximum provocation. 2012, pp. 8-10.
  79. ↑ Page no longer available , search in web archives: Without real celebrities? In: local time . September 15, 2008 (accessed September 16, 2008). Lenz Jacobsen, Philipp Wittrock: Cologne lets right-wing populists flash. In: Spiegel Online . September 20, 2008. Peter Philipp: Demonstrators prevent "Anti-Islamization Congress" In: Deutsche Welle . September 20, 2008 Police bans anti-Islam rally. In: Spiegel Online . Sept. 20, 2008. Wolfgang Thierse: “Our democracy must be defended.” In: Deutschlandfunk . September 22, 2008. Birgitta Ronge, Ulli Tückmantel: The farce of Cologne. ( Memento of September 24, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) In: RP Online . September 22, 2008. Kristian Frigelj: Prohibition of rallies is an embarrassment for the rule of law. In: The world . September 2008.@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.wdr.de





  80. ↑ Alexander Häusler among others: "Maximum provocation". 2012, pp. 8-10 and pp. 18-19;
    The seeds of provocation are growing. In: Westdeutsche Allgemeine Zeitung . May 21, 2012;
    Rioting in Pro NRW-Aktion feared. In: General-Anzeiger . May 4, 2012;
    Police warn of further pro-NRW attacks on the weekend. In: Westdeutsche Allgemeine Zeitung. May 4, 2012;
    A good 100,000 people at DGB rallies on May 1st. In: The world. May 3, 2012.
  81. ↑ crowd attacks German embassy in Sudan In: Zeit online. September 14, 2012.
  82. ^ "Pro-Germany" boss wants to show Mohammed film in Berlin. In: Spiegel online. Retrieved September 15, 2012.
  83. ↑ Alexander Häusler et al. (Ed.): Right-wing populism in the form of a “citizens' movement”. 2010, pp. 29–32.
  84. ↑ Alexander Häusler: The "PRO Movement" and the anti-Muslim cultural racism of the right wing. In: Expertise for Democracy. 1/2011, pp. 2-3.
  85. ↑ Alexander Häusler et al. (Ed.): Right-wing populism in the form of a “citizens' movement”. 2010, pp. 31–34, 36.
  86. ^ Christoph Butterwegge: Financial market crisis, poverty and right-wing extremist politics. In: Christoph Kopke: The limits of tolerance: right-wing extremist milieu and democratic society in Brandenburg. Pp. 41–55, specifically p. 49.
  87. ↑ a b Pro Köln wants to establish itself nationwide as Pro NRW, right-wing populists with invisibility ( memento from April 12, 2008 in the Internet Archive ), WDR, by Rainer Kellers, June 4, 2007, according to Internet Archive (accessed on January 4, 2011) .
  88. ↑ Alexander Häusler (ed.): Right-wing populism as a "citizen movement". 2008, p. 26.
  89. ↑ Christoph Busch: Political production and representation of politics in the municipal parliamentary work of pro Cologne. 2010, p. 67 and p. 80.
  90. ↑ Christoph Busch: Political production and representation of politics in the municipal parliamentary work of pro Cologne. 2010, p. 84.
  91. ↑ Frank Überall: "I am the punishment ..." Right-wing populism of the "pro-movement" using the example of their application behavior in the Cologne city council. 2010, p. 40.
  92. ↑ Frank Überall: "I am the punishment ..." Right-wing populism of the "pro-movement" using the example of their application behavior in the Cologne city council. 2010, p. 43.
  93. ↑ Frank Überall: "I am the punishment ..." Right-wing populism of the "pro-movement" using the example of their application behavior in the Cologne city council. 2010, p. 45.
  94. ↑ Bernd Wagner (Ed.), Anneliese Canavarro: Bibliography on analytical literature on right-wing extremism and aspects of interventions. Journal EXIT-Deutschland No. 3/2010, Grin 2011, ISBN 978-3-656-08623-9 , p. 5.
  95. ^ Ingo von Münch: Legal policy and legal culture. Comments on the state of the Federal Republic of Germany. Berliner Wissenschafts-Verlag, 2011, ISBN 978-3-8305-1712-2 , p. 209.
  96. ^ Constitutional Protection Report of the State of North Rhine-Westphalia for 2011, pp. 27–37.
  97. ^ Constitutional Protection Report of the State of North Rhine-Westphalia for 2011, pp. 28–30.
  98. ^ Constitutional Protection Report of the State of North Rhine-Westphalia for 2011, p. 29, p. 32–33 and p. 37.
  99. ^ Constitutional Protection Report of the State of North Rhine-Westphalia for 2012, p. 27.
  100. ↑ Constitutional Protection Report of the State of North Rhine-Westphalia for 2011, p. 35.
  101. ↑ a b Alexander Häusler et al. (Ed.): Right-wing populism in the form of a “citizens' movement”. 2010, p. 16.
  102. ↑ Alexander Häusler (ed.): Right-wing populism as a "citizen movement". 2008, pp. 55-71;
    Constitutional Protection Report of the State of North Rhine-Westphalia for 2012, p. 27.
  103. ^ Lawsuit of the DVU regional associations against the DVU, application by Judith Wolter (June 2011) ( Memento of August 9, 2011 in the Internet Archive ).
  104. ^ Stephan Braun, Anton Maegerle: Lawyers of the extreme right. In: Stephan Braun, Alexander Geisler, Martin Gerster (eds.): Strategies of the extreme right. Background - analyzes - answers. VS Verlag, 2009, p. 391.
  105. ↑ Alexander Häusler et al. (Ed.): Right-wing populism in the form of a “citizens' movement”. 2010, p. 13.
  106. ↑ Jörg Uckermann's website - about the person ( memento from March 15, 2012 in the Internet Archive );
    Uckermann has to pay. In: Kölner Stadtanzeiger . June 9, 2011;
    Right councilor does not want to pay. In: Kölner Stadtanzeiger . January 17, 2012;
    Beck is suing Uckermann. In: Kölner Stadtanzeiger . June 25, 2012.
  107. ^ Norddeutscher Rundfunk: "Right thought leader turns his back on the scene" , from July 29, 2012. As well as FAZ . The FAZ and the NDR also refer to a confirmation by the protection of the Constitution of Lower Saxony,
    Molau: “My ideology was essentially wrong”. ( Memento from August 1, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Molau in an interview with Publikative.org ( Amadeu Antonio Foundation , Patrick Gensing ) on July 30, 2012.
  108. ↑ Not much going on outside of Cologne. In: The daily newspaper. September 2, 2009.
  109. ^ Stephan Braun, Anton Maegerle: Lawyers of the extreme right. In: Stephan Braun, Alexander Geisler, Martin Gerster (eds.): Strategies of the extreme right. Background - analyzes - answers. VS Verlag, 2009, pp. 358-377.
  110. ^ Federal Constitutional Protection Report from 2009, p. 119 (PDF; 4.3 MB) ( Memento from July 4, 2010 in the Internet Archive );
    Swedish neo-Nazi planning election campaign in Berlin. In: Berliner Morgenpost . January 21, 2010.
  111. ↑ Look to the right : Branghofer supports the “pro” demonstration on January 19, 2011.
  112. ↑ Die Welt : The simple thought structures of Pro Deutschland . December 19, 2012.
  113. ↑ cf. Website of the Federal Association of Pro Germany, section "People", accessed on August 10, 2012.
  114. ^ Association “Vivere - Life for Diversity and Courage e. V. ": Founding of the" Pro Sachsen Citizens Movement ". ( Memento from December 16, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) February 14, 2011.
This version was added to the list of articles worth reading on December 20, 2013 .