European elections in Germany 2014

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← 2009European elections in Germany 20142019 →
Turnout: 48.1%
 %
40
30th
20th
10
0
35.3
27.3
10.7
7.4
7.1
3.4
1.5
1.4
1.2
4.7
Gains and losses
compared to 2009
 % p
   8th
   6th
   4th
   2
   0
  -2
  -4
  -6
  -8th
-2.6
+6.5
-1.4
-0.1
+7.1
-7.6
-0.2
+0.5
+0.1
-2.4
Template: election chart / maintenance / notes
Remarks:
j including NPD 1.0 (new), FAMILY 0.7 (−0.3), ÖDP 0.6 (+0.1), PARTY 0.6 (new)
German seats in the European Parliament
              
A total of 96 seats

The European elections in Germany 2014 took place on Sunday, May 25th. It was part of the EU- wide European elections in 2014 . It was the first time that elections took place after the Treaty of Lisbon , which strengthened the rights of the European Parliament . In the treaty, the distribution of seats between the member states of the EU was also reorganized. Germany was therefore only entitled to 96 instead of 99 mandates.

In June 2013, the Bundestag decided to introduce a three percent threshold for the 2014 European elections. However, this was declared unconstitutional and null and void by the Federal Constitutional Court on February 26, 2014 - as was the previous five percent threshold. Thus, for the first time, a party only had to achieve the natural quorum of a good 0.5 percent of the votes in order to move into the European Parliament with a member.

Eligible voters

According to estimates by the Federal Statistical Office (Destatis) in Germany, around 61.4 million Germans and another 2.9 million Union citizens were eligible to vote, of which 33.1 million were women and 31.2 million men. In detail, the eligible voters (in millions) are made up as follows:

Age from ... to under ... years German EU nationals All in all
Men Women together Men Women together Men Women together
18-21 1.1 1.01 2.2 0.1 0.0 0.1 1.2 1.1 2.2
21-45 10.3 10.0 20.3 1.0 0.9 1.8 11.2 10.9 22.1
45-60 8.9 8.9 17.8 0.4 0.3 0.7 9.3 9.2 18.6
60 and more 9.3 11.8 21.2 0.2 0.1 0.3 9.5 12.0 21.5
All in all 29.7 31.8 61.5 1.6 1.4 2.9 31.2 33.1 64.4
including:
First voter 1 2.4 2.3 4.7 0.3 0.2 0.5 2.7 2.5 5.2

1 The first-time voters include all those born between June 8, 1991 and May 25, 1996 as well as Croatians born before June 8, 1991.

Electoral system

German legal bases for the European elections are the European Election Act (EuWG) - which refers in many areas to the Federal Election Act (BWG) - the European Election Code (EuWO), the Election Statistics Act (WStatG) and the European Parliament Act (EuAbgG). The election is a proportional representation , which means that each party receives seats according to their share of the nationwide valid votes. In contrast to the Bundestag election , in the European elections the voter only has one vote with which he can elect a party or other political association . Most parties run with nationwide election lists . The distribution of seats is based on the Sainte-Laguë method . The electoral lists are closed; that is, the seats allotted to the nominations will be filled in exactly the order specified on the list.

Active and passive right to vote in Germany were all those EU citizens who turn 18 years of age on election day at the latest and the German citizenship possessed or a residence in Germany. German citizens who lived in other EU countries as well as EU foreigners who lived in Germany had to decide whether they wanted to vote in their home country or in their country of residence. EU foreigners who wanted to vote in Germany had to be entered in the electoral register in advance.

Unconstitutionality of the five percent threshold

In September 2010 the constitutional lawyer Hans Herbert von Arnim lodged a constitutional complaint against the result of the 2009 European elections with the German Federal Constitutional Court. In his opinion, the five percent hurdle should be dropped as it distorts the result without a valid reason. In doing so, Arnim relied on the Lisbon ruling of the Federal Constitutional Court, from which it emerged that the five percent clause, as it applies in federal elections, cannot be justified in European elections. In contrast to the Bundestag, there is no need in the EU Parliament to limit parliamentary fragmentation or to secure stable majorities and form a government. The constitutional complaint was supported by 500 citizens, including 30 constitutional lawyers. It was discussed orally on May 3, 2011; The judgment was announced on November 9, 2011. According to the judgment, the 5% blocking clause in European elections in Germany is unconstitutional, but this did not subsequently result in any changes to the distribution of seats determined in 2009 and thus came into effect for the first time in the 2014 European elections.

Unconstitutionality of the three percent hurdle

The CDU federal party congress as well as some SPD state associations then demanded the introduction of a three percent hurdle in European elections at the end of 2012. The CSU preferred the establishment of constituencies and conversion to the seat allocation process by d'Hondt , which also leads to a significant increase in natural quorum (the blocking action of a proportional representation system without electoral threshold).

In May 2013, the parliamentary groups of the CDU / CSU , the SPD, the FDP and the Greens agreed on a three percent clause, which was quickly introduced into the legislative process as a draft law. As early as June 13, 2013, the Bundestag passed the Fifth Act to amend the European Election Act with the votes of the Bundestag parliamentary groups of the CDU / CSU, SPD, FDP and Bündnis 90 / Die Grünen , which introduced the three percent lockout clause for European elections in Germany. Among other things, more than 1,000 eligible voters, together with the association Mehr Demokratie , filed a constitutional complaint with the Federal Constitutional Court, and 19 parties applied for organ disputes (including NPD , Pirate Party , Free Voters , ÖDP and Die Republikaner ).

On February 26, 2014, the Federal Constitutional Court pronounced the judgment in the related proceedings. According to this, the three percent threshold violates the principles of equality of suffrage and equal opportunities for political parties and is therefore void. In some cases, the threshold clauses for federal and state elections were also called into question.

From the seat allocation procedure planned for the European elections ( divisor procedure with standard rounding / Sainte-Laguë ) and the number of permitted parties, it was calculated that a party had to achieve at least 0.592% of the valid votes in order to be able to safely enter the European Parliament; From 0.465%, a seat could be allocated depending on the distribution of votes to the other parties. In fact, the de facto threshold was 0.509%.

→ See also European elections in Germany 2009 : Table with calculation of the hypothetical distribution of seats, which takes into account the elimination of the threshold clause.

Parties and candidates

Political parties and other political associations could submit lists for the European elections . According to Section 9 (5) of the European Election Act , nationwide lists of 4,000 eligible voters had to be signed (state lists of 1  per thousand , but a maximum of 2,000 eligible voters in the federal state). Parties which had been represented by at least five members in the Bundestag , a Landtag or the European Parliament since its last election were exempt from the obligation to submit supporting signatures . Lists and support signatures had to be submitted by March 3, 2014.

In a public meeting on March 14, 2014, the Federal Electoral Committee approved 25 parties for the European elections, all of which, except for the Union parties , who submitted state lists, ran with a common list for all states.

The top candidates of the parties drawn into the European Parliament were:

The CDU had not put up an official top candidate on a nationwide list, but was the only one - as in the previous European elections - to submit state lists alongside its sister party, the CSU . At number one on the state list for Lower Saxony was David McAllister , who nevertheless appeared as the joint CDU top candidate for Germany in the election campaign. The common pan-European lead candidate of all EPP parties was Jean-Claude Juncker .

The following 19 parties and political associations were refused admission: NO! -Idea, Democratic Gay / Lesbian Party - The Citizens' Party, Pensioners Party Germany , Pensioners Party Germany - Balck, Aufbruch C , Common Sense Party Germany, non-party voter community in the Federal Republic of Germany , German Conservative Party - Allianz der Mitte , Party of Non-Voters , Resettlers and Migrants Party Germany , Allianz Graue Panther Germany , Party of Reason , List Stefan Martin, Die Just Party, German Democratic Party , Die Violetten , Die Partieiffreie voters and Fundamental Rights Party. Objections to this decision could be raised until March 18. The consumer protection party and the eco-liberals Germany had withdrawn their lists before the meeting. On April 3, the federal electoral committee rejected all 12 complaints submitted; thus a total of 25 parties and other political associations were allowed to participate in the European elections.

A total of 1,053 candidates from 25 parties applied for one of the 96 seats in parliament. Of these, 726 were men (69 percent) and 327 women (31 percent).

Official end result

number proportion of
Eligible voters 61,998,824
voter turnout 29,843,798 48.1%
Invalid votes 488.706 1.6%
Valid votes 29,355,092 98.4%
Political party European party be right Seats EP Group
number proportion of
CDU EPP 8,812,653 30.0% 29 EPP
SPD SPE 8,003,628 27.3% 27 S&D
GREEN EGP 3,139,274 10.7% 11 Greens / EFA
THE LEFT Tbsp 2,168,455 7.4% 7th GUE / NGL
AfD - 2,070,014 7.1% 7th EKR
CSU EPP 1,567,448 5.3% 5 EPP
FDP ALDE 986.841 3.4% 3 ALDE
FREE VOTERS EDP 428,800 1.5% 1 ALDE
PIRATES PPEU 425.044 1.4% 1 Greens / EFA
Animal welfare party EA7 366,598 1.2% 1 GUE / NGL
NPD - 301.139 1.0% 1 non-attached
FAMILY - 202,803 0.7% 1 EKR
ÖDP - 185.244 0.6% 1 Greens / EFA
The party - 184,709 0.6% 1 non-attached
REP - 109,757 0.4% - -
Referendum - 88,535 0.3% - -
BP EFA 62,438 0.2% - -
PBC ECPB 55,336 0.2% - -
PRO NRW - 52,649 0.2% - -
ON ECPB 50,953 0.2% - -
CM - 30,136 0.1% - -
DKP Tbsp 25,147 0.1% - -
MLPD - 18.198 0.1% - -
BüSo - 10,369 0.0% - -
PSG - 8,924 0.0% - -

The good results of the AfD, the fall of the Liberals to 3.4% and the relatively large loss of the CSU in Bavaria attracted media attention .

For the first time since 1979, the SPD recorded an increase in votes in a European election.

Regional differences

European elections in the old states and West Berlin 2014
Turnout: 48.3% (+ 4.8%)
 %
40
30th
20th
10
0
36.5
28.9
11.6
6.8
4.5
3.6
1.5
1.4
1.2
4.1
Gains and losses
compared to
 % p
   8th
   6th
   4th
   2
   0
  -2
  -4
  -6
  -8th
-3.1
+7.0
-1.6
+6.8
+0.6
-7.9
-0.2
+0.6
+0.2
-2.2
Template: election chart / maintenance / notes
Remarks:
j Of which ÖDP 0.7% (+ 0.1%), NPD 0.6% (new), FAMILY 0.5% (- 0.2%), PARTY 0.6% (new)
European elections in the new federal states and East Berlin in 2014
Turnout: 47.3% (+ 5.2%)
 %
40
30th
20th
10
0
30.1
20.6
20.1
8.3
6.4
2.9
2.3
1.7
1.6
6.0
Gains and losses
compared to
 % p
 10
   8th
   6th
   4th
   2
   0
  -2
  -4
  -6
  -8th
-0.1
-2.6
+4.2
+8.3
-0.9
+2.9
-6.1
+0.7
-0.5
-5.9
Template: election chart / maintenance / notes
Remarks:
f In 2009, the DVU supported by the NPD and absorbed into this reached 1.1% in eastern Germany, but here the DVU ranks among the others.
j Of which animal 1.5% (- 0.1%), FW 1.3% (+ 0.2%), PARTY 0.9% (new), ÖDP 0.2% (± 0.0%)

Survey

The polls from January 2014 until the election showed stable values ​​for most parties with only minor changes. As a percentage of the election result, the polls for the left and some small parties fluctuated slightly more than the values ​​for the other parties. However, there were no noticeably large deviations from the later result for either party. For the Union parties approx. 2-3 percentage points more were measured than for the election result, for the left mostly slightly more, the SPD, the Greens, the AfD and the FDP were shown almost correctly.

Most of the surveys did not give individual values ​​for the smaller parties. Election.de forecast one seat each for Free Voters, Pirates, NPD, Tierschutz, FAMILIE, REP and ÖDP on May 21, 2014.

For the Sunday question, the polls gave the following proportions:

Polls (January 26 to May 22, 2014)0
Institute date CDU / CSU SPD GREEN FDP LEFT AfD Others
Research group elections 05/22/2014 37.5% 26.5% 10% 3.5% 07.5% 7% 8th %
Research group elections 05/16/2014 38% 27% 11% 3% 08th % 6% 7%
Infratest dimap 05/14/2014 37% 27% 09% 3% 09% 7% 8th %
YouGov 05/13/2014 39% 25% 10% 4% 9% 6% Pirates 2%
Others 5%
Research group elections 05/09/2014 38% 27% 12% 3% 08th % 6% 6%
Infratest dimap 04/30/2014 39% 27% 09% 4% 08th % 6% 7%
INSA 04/25/2014 36% 28% 11% 4% 09% 7% n / A
Research group elections 04/11/2014 39% 27% 11% 3% 08th % 6% 6%
Infratest dimap 04/03/2014 40% 28% 09% 3% 07% 6% 7%
Research group elections 03/28/2014 39% 26% 12% 3% 08th % 6% 6%
Research group elections 03/14/2014 38% 26% 11% 4% 08th % 6% 7%
INSA 03/09/2014 38% 26% 9.5% 3% 8.5% 7.5% n / A
Infratest dimap 03/06/2014 40% 26% 11% 4% 07% 5% 7%
Research group elections 02/21/2014 40% 24% 12% 4% 08th % 6% 6%
INSA 02/14/2014 39% 25% 10% 3% 10% 8th % n / A
Infratest dimap 02/06/2014 38% 29% 10% 4% 08th % 6% 5%
Emnid 01/26/2014 42% 26% 10% 3% 08th % 7% 4%
European elections 2009 June 7, 2009 37.9% 20.8% 12.1% 11.0% 7.5% nk 10.8%

Note: The number of seats per party roughly corresponds to your percentage result.

Others

At the same time, the district assembly elections took place in Hamburg and local elections in ten federal states : Baden-Württemberg , Brandenburg , Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania , Lower Saxony (some direct elections), North Rhine-Westphalia , Rhineland-Palatinate , Saarland , Saxony , Saxony-Anhalt , Thuringia . In addition, a referendum on the development of the Tempelhofer Feld (formerly Tempelhof Airport ) was decided in Berlin .

Web links

→ Further links can be found under European elections 2014

Commons : European elections in Germany 2014  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files
Election aids
Election programs of the parties that have had seats in the European Parliament since 2009

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Federal Returning Officer : Final result of the 2014 European elections ( Memento from July 5, 2015 in the Internet Archive )
  2. ↑ bundeswahlleiter.de ( Memento from March 4, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
  3. ↑ European Election Regulations (EuWO) , accessed and received on May 21, 2017.
  4. ↑ Law on the Legal Relationships of Members of the European Parliament from the Federal Republic of Germany (European Parliament Act - EuAbgG) , accessed and received on May 21, 2017.
  5. ↑ EurActiv , 12 Sep 2010: Constitutional complaint against the 2009 European elections .
  6. ↑ bundesverfassungsgericht.de
  7. ↑ See five percent clause unconstitutional in European elections
  8. ↑ bundesverfassungsgericht.de
  9. ^ The Wahlrecht.de annual review 2012 and the outlook for 2013. In: Wahlrecht.de . January 1, 2013, accessed March 30, 2013 .
  10. ↑ Parties want 3 percent hurdle. In: Bild.de . May 17, 2013. Retrieved May 19, 2013 .
  11. ^ Legislation - Fifth law amending the European Election Act. German Bundestag, February 14, 2014, accessed on February 28, 2014 .
  12. ^ Charlie Rutz: Lawsuit against the three percent hurdle in EU elections. More Democracy, February 14, 2014, accessed February 11, 2014 .
  13. ↑ a b Judgment of the Second Senate of February 26, 2014 - 2 BvE 2/13 et al. Federal Constitutional Court, February 26, 2014, accessed on February 28, 2014 .
  14. ^ Threshold clause in the European elections. (No longer available online.) In: Euwahl2014.de. March 14, 2014, archived from the original on May 2, 2014 ; accessed on May 1, 2014 .
  15. ↑ Actual blocking effect. In: Wahlrecht.de . June 20, 2000, accessed February 26, 2014 .
  16. ↑ a b Europe 2014 - CDU top candidate David McAllister.
  17. ^ The candidates for election to the European Parliament from the Federal Republic of Germany. ( Memento from May 13, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) The Federal Returning Officer, April 8, 2014 (bundeswahlleiter.de)
  18. ↑ Ruth Ciesinger and Lutz Haverkamp: Sigmar Gabriel: Jean-Claude Juncker has pole position. Tagesspiegel, May 26, 2014
  19. ↑ European elections 2014: Federal electoral committee has decided on complaints. (No longer available online.) In: Federal Returning Officer. April 3, 2014, archived from the original on April 2014 ; Retrieved April 4, 2014 .
  20. ↑ 2nd meeting of the Federal Electoral Committee - recording of the meeting
  21. ↑ bundeswahlleiter.de ( Memento from April 16, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
  22. ^ Elections in Germany results in the old federal states and Berlin-West
  23. ^ Elections in Germany, results in the new federal states and East Berlin
  24. ↑ election.de
  25. ↑ Thorsten Faas, Christoph Seils : Yes to the EU. No to the European elections. cicero.de, May 14, 2014
  26. ↑ Direct elections 2014 | Nds. State Returning Officer. In: landeswahlleiter.niedersachsen.de. Retrieved May 24, 2014 .