Bernd Lucke

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Bernd Lucke (2017) signature

Bernd Lucke (born August 19, 1962 in West Berlin ) is a German economist and politician ( LKR ). He is professor for macroeconomics at the University of Hamburg . In 2013, Lucke was a key co-founder and federal spokesman for Alternative für Deutschland (AfD), for which he moved into the European Parliament as a top candidate in 2014 .

After being voted out of office as federal spokesman in July 2015, he resigned from the AfD and founded the Alliance for Progress and Awakening (ALFA), which later renamed itself to Liberal-Conservative Reformer (LKR) and was its federal chairman until June 2016 and from November 2018 until September 2019. In the European elections in 2019, Lucke failed as the top candidate of the LKR and left the European Parliament.

Life

Bernd Lucke was born in West Berlin in 1962 as the son of a civil engineer and a school principal . In 1969 the family moved to Neuss and later to Haan in North Rhine-Westphalia . After graduating from secondary school in Haan in 1981 , he did his military service as a flutist with the staff music corps of the German Armed Forces in Siegburg . Following studied Lucke from 1982 to 1984 as a fellow of the studienstiftung Economics , Philosophy and Modern History at the Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn . After a one-year DAAD scholarship in the Graduate Program of the Economics Department at the University of California, Berkeley , he returned to Bonn in 1985 and completed his studies in 1987 with a degree in economics . Until 1988 he was a research assistant at the Institute for Agricultural Policy, Market Research and Economic Sociology of the Agricultural Faculty of the University of Bonn. At the same time, he began studying mathematics at the Distance University in Hagen .

From 1988 to 1990 Lucke was a scholarship holder of the Volkswagen Foundation at the Graduate College "Applied Microeconomics" of the Economics Research Department at the Free University of Berlin and then in 1990 scientific advisor to the Advisory Council on the introduction of the social market economy in the GDR . In 1991 he was at Jürgen Wolters , Department of Economics of the Free University of Berlin with a thesis on Price Stabilization on World Agricultural Markets: An Application to the World Market for Sugar the grade "summa cum laude" for Dr. rer. pole. PhD . From 1991 to 1992 he was a management officer at the Senator for Finances of the State of Berlin Elmar Pieroth (CDU).

From 1992 to 1998 Lucke worked as a research assistant at the Institute for Statistics and Econometrics in the Department of Economics at the Free University of Berlin. In 1997, with the thesis contributions to the theory and empiricism of real business cycles , which was also supervised by Wolters, the habilitation ( Venia legendi ) in economics and econometrics took place . Between 1995 and 1996 he was on parental leave . From 1997 to 2000 Lucke headed the research project A Consistent Macroeconometric Equilibrium Model, funded by the DFG . In the summer semester of 1998 he held a visiting professorship at the Humboldt University in Berlin, representing the subject of economic policy . Since 1998, he has been Uwe Westphal's successor Professor of Economics at the University of Hamburg and Managing Director of the Institute for Growth and Business Cycle at the Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences there. Due to his political obligations as a member of the European Parliament, he was on leave from 2014 to 2019. In the winter semester 2019/2020, he will probably resume his work as a professor.

In 2000 and 2001 Lucke was head of the FEMISE- funded research project Fiscal Impact of Trade Liberalization - The Case of Jordan and Syria . After another year of parental leave, he headed the DFG-funded research project Growth and Economic Integration in the Middle East between 2002 and 2007 . From 2003 to 2005 Lucke was a liaison professor at the German National Academic Foundation. In the same year he turned down a call to the Technical University of Berlin . From 2003 to 2004 he was head of the FEMISE-funded research project Regional Integration and Resource Use in the Middle East: Oil, Water, and the Need for Peace . In 2004 he was a World Bank Consultant (Trade Liberalization in Syria ) and from 2006 to 2007 head of the FEMISE-funded research project Assessing the Macroeconomic Effects of the Barcelona Initiative's Liberalization Process . Lucke was visiting professor at the University of British Columbia in Vancouver / Canada (2007/08), Indiana University Bloomington in the USA (2011/12) and at the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) in Paris (2012/13) . He has published articles in scientific journals such as European Economic Review , NBER Macroeconomics Annual and Economics Letters .

Lucke is married and has five children with his wife. The family lives in Winsen (Luhe) near Hamburg and has a second home in Neubrandenburg (Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania), where his wife works. Lucke is a member of the Evangelical Reformed Church in Hamburg. In a publication he opposed the “Confession of Faith in the Face of Economic Injustice and Ecological Destruction”, which the World Reformed Federation adopted in 2004 at its General Assembly in Accra ( Ghana ). He claimed that the implementation of free market economic reforms - including under US military pressure - had resulted in a state of affairs in South Korea, Australia, China and India in which most people could consider themselves lucky. For years he led the children's church service in his parish . Lucke says he doesn't own a car or a television.

Economic work

Lucke published a discussion paper in 1994/95 , which until then was the only economic analysis of the Treuhandanstalt's privatization policy . His investigations showed that certain purchase price discounts could increase the investment volume and job promises were higher. Although economic growth was recorded, the measures were too expensive for the state from a budgetary point of view.

The financial scientist Burkhard Heer , professor at the University of Augsburg , wrote a commentary on Luckes business cycle research (models of the theory of real business cycles with endogenous growth ) in 1999 . In it he highlights its “innovative results”: “1. Economic models with endogenous growth do not generate persistence in the output growth rate per se ”and“ 2. A sufficient condition to generate output persistence in RBC models is the assumption that the exogenous shock drifts the endogenous future variable ”.

The Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI) leads it according to Die Welt 2014 with twenty articles. According to the Handelsblatt, Lucke was ranked 176th (2010) and 148th (2011) in the economists ranking “Top 250 Lifetime Achievement Researchers” of the KOF Economic Research Center . In 2013 he reached number 240 in the ranking of the 317 “top researchers” among economics professors from German-speaking countries. These rankings are based on scientific publications by economists in specialist journals and their reception since the start of their careers.

According to political scientist Oskar Niedermayer, Lucke is considered a neoliberal economist. Rüdiger Bachmann said in 2014, “His research is up-to-date, but not very significant or outstanding - he has not drilled big boards: apart from one article, his citation numbers are limited. Lucke is more of a recipient of economic research than a producer. " Harald Uhlig added in the same article that" you [...] would expect a little more nowadays to get a professorship at a good university, but those times were back then different". Luckes appointment was due to the fact that he was "one of the few in Germany who took care of modern, stochastic-dynamic equilibrium theory in macroeconomics and also understood something about time series econometrics".

Political activity

Hamburg roll call

Lucke, along with Michael Funke and Thomas Straubhaar, was one of the three main initiators of the Hamburg appeal for economic reforms in Germany , signed by 243 economists shortly before the 2005 Bundestag election . It described lowering labor costs as the key to overcoming Germany's weak growth and called for a change in social policy from wage replacement benefits to wage subsidies. Fiscal policy interventions to increase demand were rejected as disrupting the structure of aggregate demand . The call was criticized by economists who were more close to the union, such as Gustav Horn .

Plenary session of economists

In October 2010, under the influence of the global financial crisis from 2007 onwards, Lucke published an “Appeal to all German university professors for economics”. In it he called to

“Establishment of a plenum of economists as an electronic general assembly of all university lecturers for economics who teach at a German university or as German citizens at a foreign university. The plenum of economists advises and expresses its opinion exclusively on exceptional economic situations of outstanding national importance. The sole aim of the plenum is to provide the public and the democratically legitimized institutions of the Federal Republic of Germany with timely and well-founded information about the assessment of the scientists serving this state. "

- Bernd Lucke

A total of 328 economics professors signed the call (as of June 2011) and thus became plenary members; Lucke has been managing director of the Plenum of Economists since it was founded . In February 2012, the plenary held a very large majority against an extension of the euro rescue package . Due to Luckes political activities for the AfD, some economists like Hans-Werner Sinn and Justus Haucap broke away from the initiative in 2014 . The webpage of the plenum is inactive; the last entry was from September 2013.

Lucke was one of 172 economics professors who signed the economists' open letter on the euro crisis in July 2012 . He was also one of 136 German economics professors, including Roland Vaubel , Hans-Werner Sinn, Jürgen B. Donges , Manfred JM Neumann and Georg Milbradt , who called for illegal monetary state financing shortly before the federal election in September 2013 in a call by the European Central Bank (ECB) accused.

CDU membership and commitment to the free voters

Lucke joined the Junge Union at the age of 14 because, in his opinion, Willy Brandt's policy of détente did not noticeably improve the living conditions of his relatives in the GDR . Lucke remained a member of the CDU for 33 years before he left the CDU in December 2011 because he believed its euro bailout policy had failed.

During this time he has published detailed statements on the debt crisis in the daily press several times. Furthermore, in February 2012, together with Johannes Hüdepohl, he became the spokesman for the non-partisan collective movement Bündnis Bürgerwille , which involves not only scientists but also ordinary citizens in the euro rescue criticism. He then ran for the state elections in Lower Saxony in 2013 on the list position 3 of the free voters . After differences in content and the result of 1.1 percent, which fell short of expectations, there was a rift with the Free Voters under Hubert Aiwanger .

Founder, spokesman and top candidate of the AfD

Konrad Adam , Frauke Petry and Bernd Lucke (from left to right) at the founding party conference of the AfD 2013 in Berlin

He then pushed for the establishment of a party and initiated the Euro-critical election alternative in 2013 together with Alexander Gauland , Konrad Adam and Gerd Robanus . On April 14, 2013, the new political party Alternative for Germany (AfD) was founded on this basis in Berlin with Lucke as one of three elected speakers. At the AfD's founding event, Lucke said that the introduction of the euro was a “historic mistake”.

Bernd Lucke at the AfD federal election meeting in Aschaffenburg in 2014

For the 2013 federal election , Lucke ran as the top candidate of his party in Lower Saxony and as a direct candidate in the Harburg constituency . He received 5.7% of the votes cast. The federal party conference of the AfD in Aschaffenburg on January 25, 2014 elected Lucke as the top candidate for the upcoming European elections on May 25, 2014 .

Member of the European Parliament

From 2014 to 2019 was Lucke Member of Parliament for the Group of EKR . There, the economics professor was a member of the Committee for Economic and Monetary Affairs (ECON) and was a deputy in the Development Committee (DEVE). He was also a deputy member of the delegation to the EU-Turkey Joint Parliamentary Committee. His election as deputy chairman of ECON failed.

In February 2015 Lucke was elected deputy chairman of the European Parliament's “Special Committee on Tax Rulings and Other Measures of Similar Nature or Effect” (TAXE).

Conflicts, resignation and founding of the ALFA party

Bernd Lucke on July 19, 2015 at the ALFA founding press conference in Kassel

In March 2015, the AfD state chairmen Björn Höcke ( Thuringia ) and André Poggenburg ( Saxony-Anhalt ) initiated the Erfurt resolution , which turned against Bernd Lucke's political course. According to the initiators, more than 1,400 party members signed the resolution. Lucke commented on this: "The Erfurt resolution breathes the spirit of a fundamental criticism of the system while at the same time narrowing the political thrust to a few topics that are described with catchphrases such as gender, multiculturalism and 'social experiments'."

Lucke was the main initiator of the Weckruf 2015 association , which, according to the founding call he wrote, was supposed to preserve the AfD as a party that objectively and constructively represents conservative as well as liberal and social values.

After the Essen party conference at the beginning of July 2015, at which Frauke Petry was elected as the new chairwoman before Lucke, Lucke announced that he would leave the AfD. He does not want to be misused as a bourgeois figurehead for political ideas that he rejects out of deep conviction. This included anti-Islamic and xenophobic views as well as anti-Western, pro-Russian foreign policy. He regretted having realized too late how increasing numbers of members were pushing into the party who wanted to transform the AfD into a protest and angry citizens' party and posed the 'system question' regarding parliamentary democracy. Critical commentators, on the other hand, recalled his intention to woo voters on the right wing.

In July 2015, during a meeting of members of the Weckruf 2015 association in Kassel , Bernd Lucke was elected federal chairman of the newly founded party Alliance for Progress and Awakening (ALFA). He held this office until the federal party conference in Demmin in June 2016. Ulrike Trebesius was his successor . At the same party conference, Lucke was elected the party's top candidate for the 2017 federal election. A year later, however, the federal party congress decided not to take part in the election, as the party , which has now been renamed Liberal-Conservative Reformer , wanted to try instead to become better known and raise its profile.

Criticism of the AfD

After the Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution declared the AfD as a " test case " in January 2019 , Lucke also spoke out in favor of monitoring it. In the party there are people and organizations whose loyalty to the constitution can be doubted. The AfD had become a “latently xenophobic, German national party with right-wing extremist sprinkles,” he told the time . He said no when asked whether he would found the party again like this. It has become a party "that I would not have founded [...] and that I do not vote for".

Controversy

Confrontation with Forsa and Allensbach

In an interview with Handelsblatt at the end of August 2013, Lucke claimed that opinion research institutes were manipulating surveys to the detriment of the AfD by using the scope of statistical analysis to downsize the party. There are “clear indications from employees of the election researchers” that “in the raw data from Allensbach and Forsa” the AfD is “well over five percent”. The survey institute Forsa then obtained an injunction against Lucke from the Cologne Regional Court . The court forbade Lucke to repeat his allegations under threat of fines . The managing director of the Forsa Institute, Manfred Güllner , then announced that he would call Lucke “Lügen-Lucke” in future. Lucke's action for an injunction against this at the Hamburg Regional Court was unsuccessful, as Güllner's statement was assessed by the court as a permissible expression of opinion.

Choice of words after the 2013 federal election

On the evening of the 2013 federal election , Lucke summed up that his party had "strengthened" democracy after having seen "so much degeneration of democracy and parliamentarianism " over the past four years . The choice of words " degeneracy " was criticized as historically burdened and populist. Lucke later defended his formulation in the talk shows Anne Will , hart but fair and maybrit illner as well as in the show AfD - An Alternative? on Phoenix . He did not use the wording in an authoritarian way and not in relation to biology, but wanted to express that democracy would lose its character and therefore "degenerate" if the government refuses to allow parliament to discuss important issues under pressure of time Laws to form your own judgment. The words “degeneracy” and “degenerate” were also used by Wolfgang Schäuble , Helmut Schmidt and the General Secretary of the Pirate Party without being criticized by the media.

Choice of words in the election campaign for the 2014 state elections

During an election campaign appearance in Frankfurt (Oder) , Lucke is said to have said, according to the Bild newspaper, alluding to the high crime rate and the insufficiently equipped police in the border region with Poland: “You understand when people say: We don't want anything with the old GDR have to do, but the internal security in the GDR was better than it was in West Germany. ”SPD general secretary Yasmin Fahimi accused Lucke of“ forgetting history ”and claimed that he wanted the Stasi back. The German press agency judged after Luckes appearance in the Saxon election campaign: "In the East German election campaign, the AfD shows understanding for the Ostalgie feelings of some voters." For Lucke it is understandable that people in Saxony have the feeling because of the increased crime, "that earlier." also not everything was worse ”. Deputy AfD spokesman Alexander Gauland stood behind Lucke and explained that Lucke had only given the opinion of East German voters.

Return to the University of Hamburg

After Lucke was officially on leave from the University of Hamburg for his political activities from 2014 to 2019, he returned to his chair for the 2019/20 winter semester and resumed teaching.

The AStA announced protests that Lucke was "in part responsible for today's social upheavals of the alternative for Germany " and "tolerant for the far right". His current party, Liberal Conservative Reformers (LKR), is also worthy of criticism after the Hamburg regional association had advertised, among other things, “ Merkel must go” rallies. In addition, he represents a model that calls for a lean state , the further dismantling of social systems and freer markets . Lucke contradicted the allegations and announced a meeting with the AStA.

Lucke was unable to give his first two lectures due to interference. He was verbally abused, physically harassed and prevented from speaking. In addition to students, activists from the anti-fascist spectrum also took part. The AStA stated that it did not call for the disruptions, but only organized the rally before it. Lucke then heated up the tense situation again when he sat down in the auditorium between the students and used them as protection. Lucke accused the AStA of "making the victims into perpetrators in a grotesque way" and, because of this, refused to talk to AStA representatives only. At an AStA event that is open to all students, however, he will be happy to refute the AStA's allegations and answer all participants' questions.

In a guest post for Die Welt am Sonntag , Lucke criticized that the disruptors of freedom of speech were neither about dialogue nor argumentation, but about political rule. They wanted to determine what was right and what was wrong. There is also a mechanism to render the positions of those who think differently politically coarse and distorted for the purpose of discrediting: "Anyone who criticizes the euro is an anti-European, whoever wants to ban the headscarf is an Islamophobia, whoever criticizes Greta is a climate denier ."

Federal President Frank-Walter Steinmeier stood behind Lucke: "Trying to silence others just because they irritate your own view of the world is not acceptable." The parties represented in the Hamburg parliament , with the exception of the left, also condemned the disturbances. After Hamburg's Senator for Science, Katharina Fegebank ( Bündnis 90 / Die Grünen Hamburg ), initially cautiously commented on the event and received criticism for “lack of attitude”, she later declared that dealing with Lucke in the lecture hall contradicted the rules of fair political and democratic debate, the bellowing from courses do not go.

World publisher Stefan Aust called the actions against Lucke "typical of the virtuous terror of our day". Mike Schlink, "Rathaus-Editor" of the Hamburger Morgenpost , wrote that it had "dictatorial features" to prevent a free speech "if the speaker does not suit them".

WeltN24 published a student's report after the incidents, according to which left-wing extremists determined politics at the University of Hamburg and the administration gave them the space to do so. Left-wing extremist graffiti on the walls is the order of the day and is not removed. The incidents around Lucke are symptomatic of a frequent equation of conservatism and right-wing radicalism , as well as an attack on the vice-head of the Junge Union Hamburg in the student parliament by five left-wing extremists. Many students condemned the attacks on Lucke, but were shouted down by left-wing extremists.

Luckes third lecture took place on October 30, 2019 under police protection . Only participants with advance registration were admitted after their personal details had been checked. The lecture then went smoothly. Lucke had previously declined the offer to hold an online lecture.

Fonts (selection)

Monographs

  • Price Stabilization on World Agricultural Markets: An Application to the World Market for Sugar (= Lecture Notes in Economics and Mathematical Systems , Volume 393). Springer, Berlin 1992, ISBN 3-540-56099-8 (= also dissertation, FU Berlin, 1991).
  • Theory and empiricism of real business cycles. With 73 tables (= Studies in contemporary economics ). Physica-Verlag, Heidelberg 1998, ISBN 3-7908-1148-3 (= at the same time habilitation thesis, FU Berlin, 1997: Contributions to the theory and empiricism of real business cycles ).
  • Fiscal Impact of Trade Liberalization: The Case of Syria . FEMISE Research Report for the European Commission, Marseille 2001 ( PDF ).
  • System failure. Europe, Germany and the AfD: Why we stagger from crisis to crisis and how we solve the problem jam , FinanzBook Verlag, Munich 2019, ISBN 978-3-95972-256-8 .

Discussion papers

  • with Paul Beaudry : Letting Different Views about Business Cycles Compete ; published as NBER Working Paper in May 2009 ( PDF ).
  • with Harald Hau , Ulrich Hege : The risky reach for the lever ; published in the FAZ on October 23, 2011 .
  • with Harald Hau: The alternative to the rescue package: Mandatory recapitalization of banks ( PDF ); published in the FAZ on September 16, 2011.
  • with Jacopo Zotti: Assessing the Macroeconomic Effects of the Barcelona Initiative . 2012 ( PDF )
  • with Jacopo Zotti: Welfare-optimal trade and competition policies in small open oligopolistic economies ; published November 22, 2012; published in the Journal of International Trade & Economic Development [Vol. 23, Issue 3, 2014]

literature

  • David Bebnowski: Bernd Lucke: representative of the economists party . In: The alternative for Germany. Rise and social representation of a right-wing populist party . Springer Fachmedien, Wiesbaden 2015, ISBN 978-3-658-08285-7 , pp. 19-22.
  • Bernd Lucke , in: Internationales Biographisches Archiv 27/2013 from July 2, 2013, supplemented by news from MA-Journal up to week 24/2014, in the Munzinger archive ( beginning of the article freely available)

Web links

Commons : Bernd Lucke  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ European elections 2019: preliminary official result. The Federal Returning Officer. (Press release No. 35/19 of May 27, 2019).
  2. ↑ a b Hendrik Ankenbrand: Bernd Lucke. The Protestant. In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung . December 25, 2013, accessed December 25, 2013 .
  3. ↑ Abitur class 1981 ( Memento from August 8, 2013 in the Internet Archive ), Städtisches Gymnasium Haan, accessed on July 30, 2014.
  4. ↑ Stefan Kreitewolf: What if the AfD rules? In: handelsblatt.com. October 20, 2014, accessed February 2, 2015 .
  5. ↑ a b Philip Faigle: The wrong economist . In: Die Zeit , May 23, 2014.
  6. ↑ AfD founder: Lucke is teaching again at the University of Hamburg , accessed on June 30, 2019 at spiegel.de
  7. ↑ Winand von Petersdorff: Who is the anti-euro professor Bernd Lucke? In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung . March 24, 2013, accessed March 24, 2013 .
  8. ↑ Carsten Korfmacher: Bernd Lucke: AfD founder now lives in Neubrandenburg | Nordkurier.de. March 22, 2019, accessed December 4, 2019 .
  9. ↑ Bernd Lucke: What the Reformed World Federation could also have decided . Evangelical Reformed Church Hamburg, 2004.
  10. ↑ Allan Aubrey Boesak, LD Hansen: Globalization Volume 1: The Politics of Empire, Justice and the Life of Faith, African Sun Media, 2009, p. 77 [1]
  11. ^ Opinion by the AfD on the FAZ article on a "Christian Alternative for Germany" ( Memento from March 15, 2014 in the Internet Archive ). International Business Times , March 11, 2014.
  12. ↑ Bernd Lucke. The man for the world form l , zeit.de from May 9, 2014.
  13. ↑ Hendrik Ankenbrand: Bernd Lucke: Der Protestant , faz.net , December 14, 2013.
  14. ↑ Bernd Lucke: The privatization policy of the Treuhand - an econometric analysis ( Memento from March 5, 2016 in the Internet Archive ). (1994/95, pdf, 33 p .; 176 kB).
  15. ^ Karl-Heinz Paqué : On the way to competitiveness . In: Otto Depenheuer , Karl-Heinz Paqué (Hrsg.): Unity - Property - Efficiency. Balance sheet of the Treuhandanstalt. Commemorative writing on the 20th anniversary of Dr. Detlev Karsten Rohwedder (= Property Library , Volume 9). Springer, Berlin 2012, ISBN 978-3-642-33113-8 , p. 61.
  16. ↑ Burkhard Heer: New Growth Theory and Theory of Real Business Cycles , Commentary on Bernd Lucke. In: Wolfgang Franz , Helmut Hesse , Hans Jürgen Ramser, Manfred Stadtler: Trend and cycle. Cyclical growth from the point of view of modern business cycle and growth theory (= Economics Seminar Ottobeuren , Volume 28). Mohr Siebeck, Tübingen 1999, ISBN 3-16-147247-0 , pp. 71-76.
  17. ↑ a b c Martin Greive, Anne Kunz: As a professor, Bernd Lucke doesn't look like much . In: Die Welt , September 22, 2014.
  18. ↑ Top 250 Life Achievement Researchers: 2011 , Handelsblatt Ranking Economics, accessed on March 30, 2014.
  19. ↑ Lifetime Achievement Researcher: 2013 , Handelsblatt Ranking Economics, accessed on March 30, 2014.
  20. ^ Oskar Niedermayer : A new competitor in the party system? The alternative for Germany . In: ders. (Ed.): The parties after the federal election 2013 . Springer, Wiesbaden 2014, ISBN 978-3-658-02852-7 . Pp. 175–207, here: p. 178.
  21. ↑ Hamburg Appeal ( Memento from February 3, 2010 in the Internet Archive )
  22. ↑ Dietmar Neuerer: Serious allegations against the head of the anti-euro party . In: Handelsblatt , April 19, 2013.
  23. ↑ wiso.uni-hamburg.de: Call for founding ( memento from August 11, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) to all German university professors for economics
  24. ↑ http://buendnis-buergerwille.de/
  25. ↑ Dietmar Neuerer: Luckes euro-critical economists initiative before the end . In: Handelsblatt , May 6, 2014.
  26. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20160415024906/http://www.wiso.uni-hamburg.de/lucke/
  27. ^ The wording of the open letter of the economists. In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung . July 5, 2012, accessed March 14, 2013 .
  28. ^ New appeal: German economists accuse the ECB of state financing. In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung . September 11, 2013, accessed September 12, 2013 .
  29. ↑ Bernd Lucke: Treatises on the debt crisis ( Memento from May 15, 2012 in the Internet Archive ). Plenary of Economists, April 18, 2001.
  30. ↑ Torsten Jung top candidate of the FREE VOTERS Lower Saxony ( Memento from November 17, 2012 in the Internet Archive )
  31. ↑ Günther Lachmann : Why nobody talks about the free voters anymore . In: Die Welt , August 2, 2013.
  32. ↑ http://www.wa2013.de/index.php?id=198 ( Memento from December 4, 2012 in the web archive archive.today ) , Wahlalternative 2013, accessed on September 20, 2012.
  33. ^ Günther Lachmann: Euro politics Disappointed CDU politicians found alternative elections. In: The world . 4th October 2012.
  34. ^ New party "AfD" wants to get out of the euro ( Memento from April 16, 2013 in the Internet Archive ). mdr.de, April 15, 2013.
  35. ↑ Candidates of the Lower Saxony state list ( Memento from September 21, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) on the website of the Lower Saxony State Association of Alternative for Germany
  36. ↑ Direct candidates for the German Bundestag in Lower Saxony ( Memento from September 21, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) on the website of the Lower Saxony Regional Association of Alternative for Germany
  37. ^ Result of the 2013 Bundestag election, first vote in the Harburg district , accessed on March 12, 2014.
  38. ↑ AfD names Lucke the top candidate . In: Spiegel Online . January 25, 2014.
  39. ↑ Monetary Committee: Lucke fails in the EU Parliament. In: Spiegel Online . July 7, 2014, accessed May 24, 2015 .
  40. ^ Letter from Bernd Lucke after Erfurt resolution: The power struggle in the AfD has escalated. In: n24.de. March 21, 2015, accessed May 24, 2015 .
  41. ↑ Bernd Lucke: Call for founding the association “ Weckruf 2015 ” ( memento of October 30, 2015 in the Internet Archive ); In: weckruf2015.de, accessed on July 5, 2015.
  42. ↑ Steven Geyer: Lucke leaves his party , Frankfurter Rundschau of July 8, 2015.
  43. ↑ Bernd Lucke leaves the AfD. Die Welt , July 8, 2015, accessed July 8, 2015 .
  44. ↑ Mike Schier, Til Huber: Lucke: The spirits that he called . Münchner Merkur, July 9, 2015.
  45. ^ AfD renegades make Lucke ALFA boss ( memento from January 15, 2016 in the Internet Archive ). MDR of July 19, 2015.
  46. ^ Alfa: Bernd Lucke founds a new party. In: zeit.de . July 19, 2015, accessed September 7, 2015 .
  47. ↑ ALFA federal party conference in Berlin ( memento from August 9, 2016 in the Internet Archive ), alfa-bund.de from June 4, 2016.
  48. ↑ Lucke is the top candidate for the federal election. In: The time . June 4, 2016, Retrieved September 4, 2017 .
  49. ↑ LKR will not run in federal elections. In: The time . June 17, 2017. Retrieved September 4, 2017 .
  50. ↑ Party founder Lucke speaks out in favor of observing the AfD. In: Spiegel Online. January 30, 2019.
  51. ↑ AfD boss Bernd Lucke. "There is a problem with the opinion polls" , Handelsblatt online, August 30, 2013.
  52. ^ Zoff about survey data: AfD cashes in defeat in legal dispute with Forsa , SPON, September 17, 2013
  53. ↑ Justus Bender, Friedrich Schmidt: Simple solutions, many questions . In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung , September 27, 2013.
  54. ^ Matthias Weber: Biedermann or arsonist? , stern.de, September 28, 2013.
  55. ↑ Günther Lachmann : The incalculable euro opponents. The AfD arose out of protest against the rescue policy - and shaped the election campaign more than any new party before . In: Die Welt , No. 222, September 23, 2013, p. 6.
  56. ↑ Sascha Lobo : The man-machine: The election result in three pictures. In: Spiegel Online . September 24, 2013, accessed May 24, 2015 .
  57. ↑ Christian Unger, Christoph Rybarczyk: A Hamburger cheers . In: Hamburger Abendblatt , No. 222, September 23, 2013, p. 6.
  58. ↑ Bernd Wittkowski: Entartetes Fernsehen . In: Börsen-Zeitung , No. 189, October 2, 2013, p. 8.
  59. ↑ Daniele Raffaele Gambone: Lucky Lucke and the “illiberal spirit” of the AfD. In: welt.de . September 26, 2013, accessed May 24, 2015 .
  60. ^ Raphael Moritz: TV review Anne Will: Democracy as "cancerous ulcer?" In: handelsblatt.com . September 26, 2013, accessed May 24, 2015 .
  61. ↑ Daland Segler: TV review: Anne Will: In the network of the black widow. In: fr-online.de . September 25, 2013, accessed May 24, 2015 .
  62. ↑ Tillmann Neuscheler: You said “degenerate”. In: FAZ.net . October 1, 2013, accessed May 24, 2015 .
  63. ↑ AfD - an alternative? , Focus on Phoenix , October 9, 2013, 4: 00-5: 15 pm ( excerpt from the last 2 minutes of the broadcast )
  64. ↑ "Brain bricked up? AfD boss praises internal security in the GDR ” , bild.de, September 14, 2014.
  65. ↑ Press release of September 14, 2014
  66. ↑ AfD founder returns to the university: "Lucke lamenmachen" - AStA plans protest action , WeltN24, October 9, 2019.
  67. ↑ Students disturb the lecture by AfD founder Bernd Lucke , WeltN24, October 16, 2019.
  68. ↑ Tumult outside the lecture hall - Bernd Lucke's lecture canceled again , WeltN24, October 23, 2019.
  69. ↑ Lucke expulsion: This “Antifa” campaign was completely wrong , RND , October 16, 2019.
  70. ↑ Lucke is back at the University of Hamburg , Süddeutsche Zeitung, October 16, 2019.
  71. ↑ Lucke criticizes AStA after loud protests , WAZ, October 19, 2019.
  72. ↑ Gap to tumult in the lecture hall: AStA turns victims into perpetrators , welt.de, October 19, 2019.
  73. ↑ Lucke denounces demonstrators: “The disruptors are interested in the rule of political opinion” , Tagesspiegel, October 20, 2019.
  74. ^ Tilman Steffen, AFP: Frank-Walter Steinmeier: Federal President criticizes dealing with Bernd Lucke . In: The time . October 25, 2019, ISSN  0044-2070 ( zeit.de [accessed October 26, 2019]).
  75. ↑ tagesschau.de: After protests against Lucke: Steinmeier demands more respect. Retrieved October 26, 2019 .
  76. ↑ New allegations after tumult at Bernd Luckes lecture , WeltN24, October 19, 2019.
  77. ↑ Geli Tangermann: Red-Green Senate: Conflict Zone between AfD and Antifa , WeltN24, October 20, 2019.
  78. ^ Protest against Lucke lecture: "Virtue terror of our days" , interview with Stefan Aust, WeltN24, November 11, 2019.
  79. ↑ Mike Schlink: Ban on speaking is undemocratic . In: Hamburger Morgenpost . October 25, 2019, p. 2–3 : "It has dictatorial features when individuals or parts of groups - like the 'Antifa' - claim the right to prevent free speech if they don't like the speaker."
  80. ↑ Joshua Fritz: University of Hamburg: Professor Lucke, the unloved "colleague" , WeltN24, October 24, 2019.
  81. ↑ Third attempt: Lecture by Bernd Lucke at the University of Hamburg - Police secures buildings , WeltN24, October 30, 2019.
  82. ↑ Matthias Wyssuwa: Lucke holds lecture at the third attempt , Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, October 30th of 2019.
  83. ↑ Police secured the building: Bernd Lucke gives third lecture at the University of Hamburg - this time until the end , rp-online.de , October 30, 2019
  84. ↑ Compulsory lecture by AfD founder Lucke at the University of Hamburg | feat. MrWissen2go , funk reporter, November 6, 2019
personal data
SURNAME Lucke, Bernd
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German economist and politician (LKR), MEP
DATE OF BIRTH 19th August 1962
PLACE OF BIRTH Berlin