Frauke Petry

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Frauke Petry (2016)

Frauke Petry , née Marquardt (born June 1, 1975 in Dresden ), is a German politician (non-party, previously The Blue Party and AfD ), chemist and former entrepreneur . She gained public fame as the AfD party spokeswoman from April 2013 to September 2017.

In 2013 she became one of three party spokesmen for the AfD and chairwoman of the AfD Saxony . In July 2015, Petry, who was assigned to the national conservative wing of the party, was re-elected as one of two federal spokesmen after an intra-party power struggle against Bernd Lucke . One day after the 2017 federal election , she surprisingly announced at the federal press conference that she would not be a member of the AfD parliamentary group. At the end of September 2017, she left the AfD after initiating the foundation of a new party (Blue Party) before the federal election.

Since the state elections in Saxony in 2014 , she was a member of the Saxon state parliament . In the federal election in 2017 , she won for the AFD , the direct mandate in the Bundestag constituency Saxon Switzerland - Eastern Ore Mountains . After leaving the AfD party - now as a non-attached MP - she initially held both mandates and after the state elections in Saxony in 2019 only her parliamentary mandate .

Origin and family

Petry was born as the daughter of a chemist and an engineer in Dresden and grew up until 1989 in Schwarzheide , Senftenberg district in the Cottbus district . Her father was in early 1989 during a visit to the Federal Republic ; She and her mother moved to Bergkamen (near Dortmund) before the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989 .

Until mid-2015 she was married to the Protestant pastor Sven Petry, with whom she has four children. The family lived in Tautenhain . In December 2016, Petry married the then North Rhine-Westphalian AfD state chairman Marcus Pretzell . They have had a son since May 2017 and a daughter since May 2019.

Training, studies and scientific work

Petry passed the Abitur in 1995 at the municipal high school in Bergkamen, where one of her teachers was the writer Heinrich Peuckmann . She then studied as a scholarship holder of studienstiftung 1995-1998 chemistry at the University of Reading ( Bachelor of Science ) and then 1998 to 2000 at the Georg-August-University of Goettingen ( diploma ). During her studies, she worked as a student trainee at Schering AG and Bayer AG .

2004 Petry was at Georg-Friedrich Kahl and Karen Hirsch-Ernst at Göttingen's Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology with the thesis of a new characterization of ATP-binding cassette transporter from the ABCA subfamily with magna cum laude doctorate . She then worked as a research assistant at the Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology and a postdoctoral fellow at the Institute for Human Genetics. During this time she published several articles in professional journals.

From 1998 to 2001 Petry was a board member of the Jungchemikerforum of the Society of German Chemists , from 1998 to 1999 its national spokeswoman.

Petry trained as a part-time organist and choir director . From 2008 to 2014 she was a member of the Leipzig Vocal Ensemble .

Entrepreneur

In March 2007, Petry founded the company PURinvent GmbH in Leipzig-Plagwitz , which produces a new type of polyurethane plastic (HydroPUR) as a tire sealant. The company had ten employees at times. The idea went back to her mother, who is the inventor together with Petry : “New types of high-water content polyurethanes, processes for their production and application” ( EP 2 057 233). Petry has received several awards for her innovative company start-up , including the Darboven IDEE Prize (endowed with 75,000 euros ) in November 2009 and the Medal of Merit of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany in autumn 2012. Petry invested around one million euros in the company: own money , Prize money from awards and credits .

The end of 2013 had Petry for the company insolvency request and then to the personal bankruptcy go as they privately with the PURinvent financing bank bailed had and was taken private for corporate liabilities to complete. The company was acquired by a southern German investor consortium in 2014 and renamed PURinvent System GmbH . Business operations were maintained. Petry was the managing director of the new company until the beginning of 2016 . The reason she gave for leaving was that she was overloaded with politics, family and the company. The PURinvent website states that the company “parted ways with Petry at the beginning of 2016”, that the company “has no connection with the AfD and does not endorse their positions”.

Three days before the state elections in Saxony in 2014 , press reports revealed investigations by the Leipzig public prosecutor's office into the delay in bankruptcy against Petry. Petry himself suspected political motives behind the complaint and the discovery of the investigation shortly before the state elections. She said the liquidator was unable to detect any late filing. As a result, the public prosecutor's office found no evidence of the bankruptcy being delayed and stopped the investigation after a short time.

Political career

Federal party

From left to right: Party spokesman Konrad Adam , Frauke Petry and Bernd Lucke at the founding party conference (2013)

Petry was initially the state representative for Saxony of the association in support of the 2013 alternative for former CDU members . Since the establishment of the Alternative for Germany (AfD) in February 2013 in Oberursel , she has been its deputy spokeswoman.

At the founding party conference of the AfD on April 14, 2013 in Berlin, she was elected alongside Bernd Lucke and Konrad Adam as one of three speakers on the federal executive board, with Lucke and Petry being the most present in public, according to observers.

After a previous internal party power struggle between national conservative and business liberal forces, she was re-elected as federal spokeswoman alongside Jörg Meuthen at the extraordinary federal party conference in Essen in July 2015 with around 60 percent of the vote . The replacement of Lucke and the associated reorganization of the federal board was u. a. seen by political scientists as a shift to the right and a “march through” of the right wing. In April 2017, shortly before the federal party conference in Cologne , she announced that she would not run for a top candidate in the 2017 federal election . After the party congress, the top candidates Alexander Gauland and Alice Weidel ended their communication with Petry; In August 2017 she announced her willingness to talk to Weidel and Gauland. In the week before the 2017 federal election, she kept her distance from Gauland and Weidel and expressed her understanding for voters who were “horrified” by their statements.

Political scientists such as Lars Geiges , Stine Marg , Franz Walter , Gudrun Hentges , Jürgen W. Falter and Frank Decker have located her as a leading protagonist in the AfD's national conservative party wing since 2015 at the latest . When she left the AfD at the end of September 2017, she lost her post as AfD spokeswoman for the federal executive committee, so that Jörg Meuthen became its sole spokesperson.

Member of Parliament

Saxon State Parliament

Petry was the spokeswoman for the AfD Saxony . Before the federal election in 2013 , she was elected the top candidate of the regional association with 89.1 percent of the vote. The party received 6.8 percent of the second vote in Saxony .

In the state elections in Saxony in 2014 , she was again the top candidate. She ran as a direct candidate in constituency 23 (Leipziger Land 1) and received 10.8% of the first votes after the competitors of the CDU , the Left and the SPD . Via the state list, she received a mandate in the 6th Saxon state parliament , where she was unanimously elected group leader of the AfD.

There she was a member of the budget and finance committee. After leaving the parliamentary group, Petry was no longer a member of any technical committee.

On September 26, 2017, she left the AfD group together with the parliamentary managing director Uwe Wurlitzer and the deputy group chairman Kirsten Muster and resigned their chairmanship. Two other MPs subsequently also left the group . The five non-attached MPs appear together as a blue group . The Saxon state parliament, however, has no group status , two further members would be required for a parliamentary group.

In the Saxon state election on September 1, 2019 , Frauke Petry ran as a direct candidate for the Blue Party she initiated in the Saxon Switzerland-Eastern Ore Mountains constituency 3 . With 805 votes, she received around 2% and was therefore not elected to the new state parliament. The Blue Party she founded received 0.4% of the votes nationwide in Saxony.

Bundestag

In the 2017 federal election , Petry won the direct mandate of the constituency of Saxon Switzerland - Eastern Ore Mountains and with 37.4% of the first votes, clearly prevailed against the long-standing CDU constituency member Klaus Brähmig . On the day after the election, Petry announced that she did not want to exercise her mandate as a member of the AfD faction in the Bundestag, but as an individual member, and attacked Alexander Gauland in particular for his polemics on election evening. Such plans not to belong to the AfD parliamentary group existed, according to Correctiv, since April 2017. The AfD parliamentary group chairman in the Saxony-Anhalt state parliament , André Poggenburg , and Bundestag top candidate Alice Weidel asked her to quit the party. At the end of September 2017, she left the AfD after initiating the foundation of a new party (Blue Party) before the federal election.

Petry had a double mandate in the Landtag and in the Bundestag. Although this is legally permissible, in the opinion of experts it is not manageable in terms of workload.

After the Blue Party had decided to dissolve at the end of 2019, Petry announced that he would withdraw from politics after her Bundestag mandate expired in 2021.

Others

Petry volunteered at a creative school center that supports teaching positions in South Africa . For her “successful start-up in a male-dominated industry” she received the 2011 Women Founders Prize of the State of Saxony. In 2012 she also served as a juror for the award.

Legal disputes

Cease and desist

In December 2015, Petry had to submit a cease and desist declaration to the Technical University of Dresden . Petry had alleged that the university had threatened its employees with disciplinary action if they took part in demonstrations and that they had the relevant documentation. However, she was unable to teach them.

Criminal proceedings

In November 2015 Petry testified before the election review committee of the Saxon state parliament. It was about the accusation of her party colleague Arvid Samtleben that he had been removed from the party's national list before the election after he had refused to grant the AfD a loan . Petry claimed before the committee under oath and in contradiction to the statements of party colleagues that he only found out about a year after the election who had actually granted loans . You also did not sign all contracts yourself. The left-wing politician André Schollbach then reported Petry for perjury . On August 29, 2017, the Saxon state parliament lifted Petrys immunity , whereupon the Dresden public prosecutor opened an investigation against her and brought charges against her at the beginning of October. After accepting her mandate in the Bundestag , Petry again received political immunity . This was lifted on January 18, 2018. At the end of October 2018, the Dresden Regional Court admitted the indictment on suspicion of perjury to the main hearing. The trial against Petry began on February 18, 2019 at the Dresden Regional Court. At the beginning of April 2019, the court sentenced her to a fine of 6,000 euros for negligent false oath , before the Federal Court of Justice overturned the judgment in 2020 and acquitted her.

Political positions

Migration policy, asylum law, the fight against crime and the EU

In an interview with the Thuringian newspaper in 2013, Petry called for less power for the European Union and complained about the de-democratization of Europe. For those “genuinely politically persecuted” the asylum law must continue to apply and they must also be granted the right to work , while for the “majority”, the “ economic refugees” , a “clear legal regulation” is made and immigration regulated “according to our needs” would have to. With regard to the right to work for refugees, Petry demanded a restriction in 2014 through a priority test ( i.e. proof that the same job cannot be filled with an EU citizen).

In an interview with Mannheimer Morgen at the end of January 2016, Petry said that border police officers had to prevent illegal border crossings and, in extreme emergencies (“ ultima ratio ”), use firearms . So it is in the law on the direct coercion when exercising public authority by federal enforcement officers . She repeated the request in an interview with the Rhein-Zeitung , of which there are also sound recordings. Your interpretation of the law was contradicted by the police union , among others . According to constitutional lawyer Christoph Schönberger , the use of firearms by police officers at the border is "at best theoretically" conceivable. The use of firearms would be disproportionate if an unarmed, non-aggressive person tried to get into the Federal Republic. The law has the constellation in mind that a person systematically evades control. The journalist Jakob Augstein referred to a judgment of the Federal Court of Justice from 1988, according to which the use of firearms at the border is only legal in the face of "particularly dangerous offenders".

In January 2017, at a meeting of European right-wing populists, Petry accused the European governments of fighting “the free man”. "Today's brainwashing " is much smarter than the former socialist propaganda. She called for “political resistance” to Merkel's “catastrophic” policy of “uncontrolled redeployment of the population”. The political scientist Steffen Kailitz attested to Petry that she had articulated “positions of the identitarian right in only slightly varied form (e.g. 'political resistance' instead of 'resistance' and 'redeployment' instead of ' exchange ')” and represented a “soft [n ] Right-wing extremism ".

Regarding the lost presidential election in France in 2017 by Marine Le Pen from the Front National , Petry said: "Despite massive hostility, Marine Le Pen achieved an impressive election result, on which I would like to congratulate, even if unfortunately it was not enough for victory in the end".

Petry commented on the marches of right-wing extremists and right-wing extremists in Chemnitz at the end of August 2018 , which had led to violence, in that the public discussion about the riots had "mixed up cause and effect" because there had been "a murder before it". Nobody could approve of people being attacked, “foreigners or not”, but, according to Petry, “there is also a legitimate need to address such a brutal act in a meeting.” She proposed a round table in Chemnitz , to which "all groups [should]", namely "also from the far left and the far right."

Petry rejects the UN migration pact and accuses the " UN under Secretary General Guterres " of propagating "openly worldwide resettlement and uprooting".

Attitude to anti-Semitism

In an interview with an Israeli daily newspaper in April 2016, Petry spoke out against anti-Semitism and criticism of Israel . She particularly praised Israel's security policy and border controls. In Germany, according to Petry, people talk about “ defensive democracy ”, but then open the borders. The political scientists Marc Grimm and Bodo Kahmann rate Petry's positive reference to Israel, as it can also be observed with other European right-wing populists, as tactical, since it aims to "immunize the AfD's anti-migration policies against criticism". She uses Israeli policy as an argument for closing the German borders; They describe Petry's “parallelization of the security situation in Germany and Israel” as “absurd”. In addition, in 2016 in the dispute over the anti-Semitic and anti-Zionist tracts of the Baden-Württemberg AfD MP Wolfgang Gedeon , Petry avoided showing his positions as "incompatible with the AfD".

Population Policy and Abortion

According to reports in the Neue Osnabrücker Zeitung and the Neue Westfälische Zeitung , Petry said in 2014 that she could envisage a referendum on a reform of Section 218 of the Criminal Code ( abortion ). A change could also be a means against birth poverty in Germany . Politicians have a responsibility to ensure the "survival of their own people". It is desirable that a German family have three children. A party spokesman confirmed that Petry had said her party was in favor of referendums on key issues such as immigration, currency and reform of the European Union. Petry himself could also envisage a referendum on reforming abortion law, but there was no party decision on this. In an interview with the Handelsblatt , she denied having personally called for a referendum on the abortion issue, saying that it was rather a "newspaper duck". The question of abortion was mentioned as an example of possible referendums in a background discussion.

Women's day, women and men in the world of work, women's quota

In 2011, on the occasion of International Women's Day , the entrepreneur Petry was portrayed as "advocating a quota for women in business". Women’s Day is more important for her as a woman born in Dresden in 1975 than for her husband, who comes from North Rhine-Westphalia : “You need such a date so that the topic of equality comes into focus.” Petry criticized one “yes still male dominated [e] “working world. The bank never asks a male entrepreneur how he looks after his children, but it does: “With what justification?” Petry criticized the fact that working hours were still mostly set by men. Men are “proud of working overtime”, but it does not take into account whether they are also working efficiently. In November 2014, Petry no longer considered a women's quota for companies to be the “right way to achieve real equality”.

Climate change

Petry rejects efforts to limit global warming and is of the opinion that - although there is "no scientific evidence" , as she claims - " society is being compulsorily reshaped for alleged climate protection ".

Political classification and criticism

The sociologists Jasmin Siri and Andreas Kemper have described Petry as an anti- feminist because of her positioning since her work as an AfD politician . Sabine Hark and Paula-Irene Villa differentiate that Petry is not interested in historical anti-feminism, but in mobilizing against the gender concept.

In 2015, the social scientist Alexander Häusler sometimes recognized Petry as having “right-wing extremist vocabulary”. For example, she speaks of "antifanten" at counter-demonstrators, a word that is used in "right-wing extremist circles as an abuse word for anti-fascists ". She suggested using the term “ völkisch ”, which was coined by the völkisch movement and used in National Socialism , and denied its racist content, which has been criticized by political scientists.

Awards

Publications

See also

literature

  • Constantin Magnis: When you were still in school. Teachers remember the youth of Angela Merkel, Sigmar Gabriel, Gregor Gysi and other politicians (= Rowohlt Rotation ). Rowohlt E-Book, Reinbek 2016, ISBN 978-3-644-05361-8 .
  • Martin Machowecz, Paul Middelhoff and Valerie Schönian, Die Gejelte , in: Die Zeit No. 35/2017, Recht & Unrecht, p. 12

Web links

Commons : Frauke Petry  - Collection of Images

Individual evidence

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