SPD Saxony
| SPD Saxony | |||
|
|||
| Chairman | Martin Dulig | ||
| Deputy |
Hanka Kliese Karsten Schütze |
||
| Secretary General | Henning Homann | ||
| Treasurer | Sven Schulze | ||
| executive Director | Jens Wittig | ||
| Establishment date | May 26, 1990 | ||
| Place of foundation | Dresden | ||
| Headquarters |
Könneritzstrasse 3 01067 Dresden |
||
| Landtag mandates |
10/119 |
||
| Number of members | 5400 (as of February 2018) | ||
| Website | www.spd-sachsen.de | ||
_by_Sandro_Halank.jpg)
The SPD Saxony is a regional association of the SPD . In February 2017, the SPD was the third largest party in Saxony with around 5,400 members. Martin Dulig has been the chairman since October 2009 .
history
In the empire
Saxony was considered the home of social democracy. Important social democrats from the very beginning, such as August Bebel or Ferdinand Lassalle , had their constituencies here or worked locally.
The ADAV was founded in Leipzig in 1863 and for the first Reichstag election in 1871 , two of the three social democratic mandates came from Saxony. In 1879, Wilhelm Liebknecht, the first social democrat, was elected to the Saxon state parliament. Fifteen years later, the SPD won 15 state parliament mandates. In 1896, based on the Prussian model, the right to vote in three classes was introduced to elect the state parliament. The protests of the SPD against this right to vote were unsuccessful and the SPD left the state parliament. With the election law of May 5, 1909, a general right to vote was introduced with only a few restrictions. As a result, the SPD placed 25 members in the state parliament. Between 1871 and 1933, Saxony was also known as the “red Saxony”.
In the Weimar Republic
The SPD provided the Prime Minister several times during the Weimar Republic and was involved in the government until 1927. From 1921 to 1923, a strong left, Marxist wing developed in the regional association, criticizing the party's coalition and tolerance policies and striving for a popular front .
After the November Revolution, a government (the " Council of People's Representatives ") was formed in Saxony from November 15, 1918 to January 21, 1919 under Richard Lipinski ( USPD ), each with 3 ministers in the SPD and USPD. From January 22, 1919 to March 14, 1919 this government was continued under the Social Democrat Georg Gradnauer as sole SPD government after the USDP left the government on January 16, 1919. The first state elections were held on February 2, 1919 . The SPD became the strongest force with 41.56% of the vote, but did not have an absolute majority. Georg Gradnauer formed a coalition with the liberal DDP . However, due to the chaotic situation, this government was only supposed to last 14 months from March 14, 1919 to May 4, 1920. After the Central German general strike ended in March without having achieved its goal of socializing industry, Minister of War Gustav Neuring was murdered in April , and General Georg Ludwig Rudolf Maercker occupied Leipzig and imposed martial law. With the Kapp Putsch , right-wing extremists tried to eradicate the democratic order. At the same time, Max Hoelz tried to use military power to introduce socialism in parts of Saxony . Gradnauer gave up on April 22nd, and the state parliament elected Wilhelm Buck (SPD) as Prime Minister on May 4th, 1920 with the votes of the SPD and DDP.
After the parliament unanimously Saxon Constitution was adopted, it came on 14 November 1920, election of a new parliament . The governing parties suffer dramatic losses. The SPD only got 28.34% of the vote. Wilhelm Buck changes strategy and now forms a government together with the USPD. Due to the previous losses, however, it is a minority government that depends on the support of middle-class MPs. The March fights carried out by Hoelz in central Germany find little support in Saxony. After the state parliament was dissolved on September 14, 1922 against the votes of the SPD and USPD, new elections took place on November 5, 1922, in which the SPD was able to recover to 41.78%. Wilhelm Buck remained the managing minister-president of an SPD minority government. On January 30, 1923, Buck's cabinet overthrew a motion of no confidence by the KPD .
On March 21, the left Social Democrat Erich Zeigner is elected Prime Minister with the votes of the KPD and SPD. The Proletarian Hundreds were formed as a paramilitary organization to overthrow parliamentary democracy and establish a socialist dictatorship. While these combat units were banned in the rest of Germany and particularly in Prussia, they were expanded in Saxony with the approval of the government. But the "German October" , the planned putsch, was prevented by the Reich government. After Zeigner accepted two members of the KPD into his government on October 10, 1923, he was deposed as Prime Minister on October 29, 1923 by Reich President Friedrich Ebert (SPD) using the Reich Execution.
After Reichskommissar (Karl) Rudolf Heinze ( DVP ) held the office of Prime Minister from October 29, 1923 to October 31, 1923, Alfred Fellisch (SPD) was elected Prime Minister with the votes of the SPD and DDP. He formed an SPD minority government , but on December 14th it failed due to a motion of no confidence by the DDP.
On January 4, 1924, Max Heldt , the last Prime Minister of the SPD, was elected in Saxony. He won a majority from the DDP, DVP and 25 of the 40 SPD MPs. This was the beginning of a renewed split in the Saxon SPD, the so-called " Saxon conflict ". The state party convention of the Saxon SPD on January 6, 1924 disapproved of the formation of a government and called on the parliamentary group to form a coalition with the KPD. The internal party discussion escalated further and led to the final collapse of the SPD faction on March 25, 1926: 23 MPs form the old social democratic faction and 18 MPs remained in the SPD faction ( Martha Schlag had switched from the KPD to the SPD the previous year).
On October 31, 1926, the SPD received 32.14 percent and the ASPD only 4.15 percent of the vote. But the SPD and KPD miss a majority. Max Heldt formed a government to which ASPS, DDP, DVP, WP and from July DNVP and VRP belonged. Even after the state elections in 1929 (34.16%) and 1930 (33.37%), the Social Democrats were unable to participate in government.
With the “ seizure of power ” by the National Socialists in 1933, the SPD Saxony was banned. The Social Democrats had to stop political work, go into exile or go underground.
After 1945
As early as June 10, 1945, earlier than the Western Allies in their sectors, the Soviet Military Administration in Germany ( SMAD ) had approved the establishment of anti-fascist-democratic parties in the Soviet occupation zone in order to influence the process of party formation in Germany via the party headquarters in Berlin .
As a result, local SPD associations were formed, which initially merged at the district level. The Chemnitz District Association was founded on May 16, 1945 and elected August Friedel as its chairman. The Dresden District Association followed on June 26, 1945 and appointed Albert Meier , Heinrich Linden , Ludwig Hoch , Paul Bergner , Walter Leipert , Hugo Klare and Ms. Rohde as board members. The Leipzig district was formed on July 3, 1945 and elected Stanislaw Trabalski , Rudolf Rothe , Ernst Schönfeld , Bernhard Dietz and Ernst Utrott as board members. On July 27, 1945, the district of Zwickau followed with board members Rudolf Kautzsch and Richard Hentsch . The last district to be founded was the Görlitz district in September 1945 (chairman: Max Rausch ).
The State Association of Saxony was founded on June 26, 1945. The first state party conference in Freital on 5. – 7. October 1945 appointed Otto Buchwitz as chairman. In addition, the executive board consisted of Arno Haufe , Walter Leipert (cashier), Clemens Dölitzsch , and Felix Kaden (secretary). The inner board also included Arno Hennig . Gerhard Förster , Paul Gärtner , the extended board: two representatives each from the districts of Dresden, Chemnitz, Zwickau, Leipzig and Görlitz.
Otto Buchwitz was a proponent of the merger of the SPD and KPD to form the SED and actively operated the merger in the SPD Saxony. But also in Saxony the union was shaped by the pressure of the occupation authorities on the members and had the character of a forced union . On April 6, 1946, the second and last state party conference of the SPD Saxony took place in Dresden.
Until 1989 there was no longer any prospect of the SPD being re-admitted in Saxony. The originally agreed parity between the SPD and KPD functionaries in the SED was soon abandoned (even if Otto Buchwitz himself remained in office). A large number of Saxon Social Democrats fell victim to the purges that followed or had to flee to the West.
.jpg)
After the peaceful revolution
After the only brief revival of social democracy between 1945 and 1946, the party was unable to build on its old successes after the peaceful revolution in 1989.
On May 26, 1990, the regional association of Saxony was re-established, with Michael Lersow as its first chairman . In the subsequent state parliament election in 1990 , the party achieved its best result to date with 19.1% and 32 seats. Anke Fuchs ran as the top candidate of the SPD, but she did not perform any tasks in Saxony after the election. In the parliamentary group, Karl-Heinz Kunckel prevailed against the state chairman Michael Lersow in a fighting vote. The rivalry between the two politicians was to determine the policy of the SPD in the following years. In the state elections on September 11, 1994 , the SPD lost 2.5 percentage points to only 16.6%.
In the state elections in 1999 , the then PDS in Saxony overtook the SPD for the first time, which only achieved 10.7% of the vote.
After the state elections in 2004 , in which the party lost again by 9.8%, a coalition of CDU and SPD was formed due to the difficult majority in the Saxon state parliament . With Thomas Jurk as Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Economics and Barbara Ludwig as Head of the Science Department, whose office was taken over by Eva Maria Stange after her election as Mayor of Chemnitz, the Saxon Social Democrats took over government responsibility for the first time since 1945/46.
After the state elections on August 30, 2009 , in which the SPD received 10.4% of the vote, it left the state government after Prime Minister Stanislaw Tillich ( CDU ) formed a coalition with the FDP .
After the 2014 state elections on August 31, 2014 , in which the SPD rose slightly to 12.4% for the first time, the SPD Saxony again took over government responsibility in a coalition with the CDU. State chairman Martin Dulig became deputy prime minister and minister of economics and labor, Eva-Maria Stange was again minister of science and art. In addition, Petra Köpping took on a new ministerial position for equality and integration.
In the state elections on September 1, 2019 , the SPD achieved its worst result since 1990 with only 7.7%. After this election, this Saxony SPD is the smallest parliamentary group in the Saxon state parliament for the first time, yet it is part of a coalition government with the CDU and the Greens.
structure
The state party is organized in approx. 155 local associations, which are grouped into 13 sub-districts, which are congruent with the 10 districts and three urban districts formed in 2008.
Results in the state elections
| Results of the state elections | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| year | Leading candidate | be right | Seats |
| 1990 | Anke Fuchs | 19.1% | 32 |
| 1994 | Karl-Heinz Kunckel | 16.6% | 22nd |
| 1999 | Karl-Heinz Kunkel | 10.7% | 14th |
| 2004 | Thomas Jurk | 9.8% | 13 |
| 2009 | Thomas Jurk | 10.4% | 14th |
| 2014 | Martin Dulig | 12.4% | 18th |
| 2019 | Martin Dulig | 7.7% | 10 |
Chairperson
Party leader of the SPD Saxony
| Years | Chairman |
|---|---|
| 1899-1922 | Karl Sindermann |
| 1923-1928 | Arthur doctor |
| 1928-1933 | Karl Böchel |
| 1945-1946 | Otto Buchwitz |
| 1990-1993 | Michael Lersow |
| 1993-1999 | Karl-Heinz Kunckel |
| 1999-2004 | Constanze Krehl |
| 2004-2009 | Thomas Jurk |
| 2009– | Martin Dulig |
Group leader of the SPD Saxony
| Years | Chairman |
|---|---|
| 1919-1922 | Karl Sindermann |
| 1922-1924 | Robert Wirth and Max Müller |
| 1926-1929 | Hermann Liebmann , Oskar Edel and Karl Böchel |
| 1929-1933 | Karl Böchel |
| 1990-1999 | Karl-Heinz Kunckel |
| 1999-2004 | Thomas Jurk |
| 2004-2007 | Cornelius Weiss |
| 2007-2014 | Martin Dulig |
| 2014– | Dirk Panter |
literature
- Christian Demuth: The SPD in Saxony . In: Christian Demuth, Jakob Lempp : Parties in Saxony . be.bra Wissenschaft verlag, Berlin 2006, ISBN 3-937233-35-0 , pp. 145–169. (2nd edition 2007) ( online : special edition of the Saxon State Center for Political Education (2006))
- Mike Schmeitzner , Michael Rudloff: History of the social democracy in the Saxon state parliament - representation and documentation 1877-1997 . Edited by the SPD parliamentary group in the Saxon state parliament, Dresden 1997.
- Franz Walter , Tobias Dürr , Klaus Schmidtke: The SPD in Saxony and Thuringia between stronghold and diaspora: Investigations at the local level from the Empire to the present (= publications by the Institute for Social History eV ). Dietz, Bonn 1993, ISBN 3-8012-4039-8 .
- Christoph Wielepp, Wilm Heinrich: 120 years of social democracy in the Saxon state parliament. Event on November 3, 1997 in the Saxon state parliament . Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung , Dresden office, Dresden 1997, ISBN 3-86077-682-7 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Before GroKo decision: Hundreds of new members of the SPD in Saxony and Thuringia In: lvz.de , February 6, 2018, accessed on February 8, 2018.
- ^ Martin Broszat, Hermann Weber, Gerhard Braas: SBZ-Handbuch, 2nd edition 1993, ISBN 3486552627 , pages 476–477
- ^ Results of the state elections in Saxony
SPD Baden-Württemberg | BayernSPD | SPD Berlin | SPD Brandenburg | SPD Bremen | SPD Hamburg | SPD Hessen | SPD Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania | SPD Lower Saxony | SPD North Rhine-Westphalia | SPD Rhineland-Palatinate | SPD Saarland | SPD Saxony | SPD Saxony-Anhalt | SPD Schleswig-Holstein | SPD Thuringia
Former: SPD Alsace-Lorraine | East office of the SPD
CDU Saxony | AfD Saxony | The Left Saxony | Alliance 90 / The Green Saxony | SPD Saxony
Historically represented in the state parliament: FDP Saxony | NPD Saxony