SPD Schleswig-Holstein

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SPD Schleswig-Holstein
Serpil Midyatli
Serpil Midyatli 		Logo SPD Schleswig-Holstein.svg
Chairperson Serpil Midyatli
Deputy Sönke Rix
Sophia Schiebe
Treasurer Stefan Bolln
executive Director Götz Borchert
Establishment date November 12, 1863
Place of foundation brim
Headquarters Kleiner Kuhberg 28–30
24103 Kiel
Landtag mandates
21/73
Number of members 17,224 (as of 2019)
Website spd-schleswig-holstein.de

The SPD Schleswig-Holstein is the regional association of the SPD in Schleswig-Holstein .

From 1946 to 1950 and from 1988 to 2005 the SPD provided the Prime Ministers: Hermann Lüdemann , Bruno Diekmann , Björn Engholm and Heide Simonis . From 2005 to 2009 she was involved in government as a "junior partner" in the Carstensen I cabinet . From June 2012 to June 2017 she once again provided the Prime Minister with Torsten Albig .

organization

Headquarters of the SPD Schleswig-Holstein in Kiel

Local and district associations

The SPD Schleswig-Holstein consists of over 400 local associations that in 15 district associations analogous to the counties or county-level cities are organized in Schleswig-Holstein.

The state party conference

The state party congress is the highest body of the SPD state association. This is where programmatic decisions are made and the board is elected. It is made up of the 200 delegates elected by district party conferences . The mandates are distributed according to the number of members, the calculation of the delegates per district association is based on the Hare-Niemeyer method . In addition, the working groups ( Jusos , AsF , AfA , ASG , AGS , AfB , ASJ and AG 60 plus ) each send two delegates who are elected at the national conferences of the working groups.

The forums and project groups set up by the state executive have the right to submit proposals to state party conferences and can each send a delegate with an advisory vote.

State Party Council

The state party council consists of 41 voting members from district associations and working groups and 7 members with an advisory vote and is the highest decision-making body of the SPD Schleswig-Holstein between the state party conferences. The chairman of the state party council is Olaf Schulze .

The state executive

The state board consists of the chairman, two deputies, the treasurer and seven assessors. The current state chairman is Serpil Midyatli .

Working groups

In the SPD Schleswig-Holstein there are not only local and district associations but also traditional working groups. They are also organized regionally according to local working groups, district associations and regional associations. These are the Jusos (chaired by Simon Bull ); the working group of social democratic women (AsF, chairman has been Sabine Gilleßen since 2014 ); the working group of seniors (AG 60 plus, chairman is Anke Rönnau ). Furthermore there is the AfB, the AfA, the AGS, the AsJ and the ASG.

The SPD Schleswig-Holstein decided at a state party conference in 2008 that gays and lesbians in the SPD (Schwusos) should have the status of a working group. This position did not find a majority at the SPD's federal party congress in Dresden in November 2009 ; the Schwusos still have the status of an SPD federal working group . In 2012, a working group on migration and diversity was founded in the SPD Schleswig-Holstein (as in many other SPD state associations) .

Forums

In addition to the working groups, various forums are active in Schleswig-Holstein social democracy, for example the Environment Forum, the Family Forum and the European Forum.

history

prehistory

Wilhelm Hasenclever
Otto Reimer

The history of social democracy began in what is now Schleswig-Holstein with the establishment of the General German Workers' Association in 1863. However, the Prussian province of Schleswig-Holstein only came into being after the German-Danish War in 1864 and the German War in 1866 .

Since May 30, 1864, weekly meetings of the first workers' association of Ferdinand Lassalle's organization have taken place in Altona (at that time the largest city in the Duchy of Holstein ) . In the middle of the year there were 350 visitors. On June 8, 1865, the founding in Kiel by Karl von Bruhn , which is said to have had 80 members within four weeks. In the election to the North German Reichstag on February 12, 1867, candidates were put up for the first time in some electoral districts, but not even achieved respectable successes. Founded in 1869 Social Democratic Labor Party of August Bebel was very little encouragement in Schleswig-Holstein. After the founding of the Reich, both social democratic organizations together received 11,182 votes in the first Reichstag election in 1871 . With this, the comrades from Schleswig-Holstein had won 10% of the socialist votes in the entire empire. Schleswig-Holstein had thus become a stronghold of the socialists, even if no mandate could be obtained.

In the Reichstag election in 1874 , the strong position of the Social Democrats became abundantly clear. In Schleswig-Holstein it was possible (under the name “Socialist Workers' Party”) to get a third of the votes cast and for the first time to have two members of the Reichstag. Wilhelm Hasenclever was elected in the Altona constituency and Otto Reimer in the Oldenburg-Plön-Stormarn-Segeberg constituency. In the Reichstag election in 1877 , the Social Democrats were unable to defend both mandates. Although the number of votes fell only slightly from 44,593 to 43,720, the other parties were able to bundle their votes more strongly and thus win mandates under the majority vote .

Since October 1, 1877, the "Schleswig-Holsteinische Volkszeitung" appeared as a party newspaper . With a circulation of 2,200 copies, however, their sphere of activity was small.

Socialist law and a new beginning

In the Reichstag election in 1878 , the socialists in Schleswig-Holstein only received 29,306 votes. During this time, the social democratic associations were banned by the Socialist Law of September 19, 1878, which was to prove to be a serious turning point for the party. In order to avoid the loss of assets, some associations had already dissolved themselves before a ban (e.g. the Kieler Volksverein on October 9, 1878). As a result of the ban, many socialists set up a number of camouflage associations to rescue their organization from the ban, forming an underground leadership that held annual provincial meetings in alternating locations in the open air. Some Social Democrats were also arrested or expelled (the best known were Otte Reimer and Hermann Molkenbuhr , who emigrated to the USA).

In the Reichstag elections, the socialist candidates could not win under the circumstances. It was not until the Reichstag election in 1890 that social democracy succeeded in reversing the trend: Karl Legien , Karl Frohme and Hermann Molkenbuhr won seats in the Reichstag.

Since the autumn of 1890 the party has been called the "Social Democratic Party of Germany". On 1 and 2 February 1891 was Neumünster the first Congress of the Party for the province of Schleswig-Holstein, the Duchy of Lauenburg and the Free Hanseatic City of Hamburg instead. It was not until 1905 that the Hamburg SPD separated organisationally from the SPD Schleswig-Holstein after a strike vote.

Ascension and Division

After the re-admission, the party began to take off in terms of membership, organization and election results. In 1882 the "Schleswig-Holsteinische Volkszeitung" was reissued as a daily newspaper and contributed to spreading the ideas of the SPD. In the Reichstag election in 1893 , the SPD received 37.3% or 75,746 votes (and one mandate for Adolf von Elm and one for Karl Frohme), in 1898 already 81,940 votes and in 1903 108,810 votes (and 5 seats). The establishment of the party could also be professionalized: in the larger constituencies, full-time party secretaries were hired from 1906. In the same year the association had 91 local associations with 28,175 members. Even in the 1906 Hottentot election, which ended with losses for the SPD throughout the Reich, the SPD in Schleswig-Holstein gained 3,559 votes (even if it lost 3 of the 5 seats). In 1912 , there were 127,400 eligible voters who voted for the SPD.

With the beginning of the First World War , the Schleswig-Holstein SPD also sided with the civil peace policy . The internal party opposition to this policy also led to a split in the party in Kiel. The USPD was founded in March 1917, and was joined by 950 SPD members. The leading forces were Lothar Popp , Wilhelm Schweizer and Friedrich Hansen .

November Revolution and Weimar Republic

Karl Artelt and Lothar Popp (both USPD) became leaders of the Kiel sailors' uprising in November 1918 . Gustav Noske (SPD) was elected chairman of the soldiers' council. This triggered the November Revolution , at the end of which the Weimar Republic emerged.

In the election to the German National Assembly on January 19, 1919, the SPD in Schleswig-Holstein received 370,384 votes and 5 (of 11) seats from Schleswig-Holstein. The USPD received only 27,301 votes and could not win a mandate.

During this time there was an organizational restructuring of the SPD: The SPD District Party Congress on 13/14. July 1919 moved the headquarters of the association from Altona to Kiel. The 22,722 members at the beginning of 1918 had grown to 81,899 members in 256 local associations by the end of 1919. In 1924 the SPD had 133 local associations and 55,107 members, including 11,044 women.

Germans and Danes

With the annexation of Schleswig to the Reich, a Danish minority had emerged, which, however, represented a majority in North Schleswig . The position of the SPD on this question was contradicting itself. The party congress of the SPD Schleswig-Holstein in Flensburg in 1902 described paragraph V of the peace treaty (which provided for a referendum) as "illegally eliminated" and declared that the runoff elections in North Schleswig did not involve the candidate's nationality. Nevertheless, the elections in North Schleswig were always decided primarily on the basis of the candidate's nationality. The SPD was never able to achieve good election results in North Schleswig or even to push through candidates. A conference of SPD North Schleswig on 20 October 1919 in Aabenraa demanded by the German SPD supporters a rejection of separation and gave the vote the Danish supporters free.

After Northern Schleswig was ceded to Denmark on June 15, 1920, the social democratic party leaders Otto Wels (for the SPD) and Thorvald Stauning (for the Danish social democrats) agreed that the social democrats on both sides of the border should not form national minority parties, but rather the respective parties social democratic party.

Weimar Republic

The regular elections to the Reichstag had to be postponed in Schleswig-Holstein because of the referendum . When they were made up on February 20, 1921, the SPD was again the strongest force with four of eleven seats. The 256,227 votes of the SPD were compared to 20,604 from the USPD and 40,052 from the KPD . At the district party convention of the SPD on July 23, 1922, the SPD and USPD reunited in Schleswig-Holstein.

For the successful Social Democrats, the following elections were disappointing. In the general election in 1924 , they won only three seats in the presidential election in 1925 was Paul von Hindenburg a broad majority in Schleswig-Holstein. In the election for the Schleswig-Holstein Provincial Parliament on November 29, 1925, 19 percent of the voters voted for the SPD.

From May 22nd to 27th, 1927, the SPD's party rally took place in the trade union building (Kiel) . The 1928 Reichstag election resulted in an election victory. 25.5 percent of the electorate (which corresponds to an increase of 46,000 votes) voted for the SPD.

time of the nationalsocialism

Like other Protestant areas in Germany, Schleswig-Holstein became a stronghold of the National Socialists. In the Prussian state elections on April 24, 1932, the SPD in Schleswig-Holstein received 252,929 votes and 5 seats. The NSDAP was able to unite almost double the number of votes (467,474 votes) and provide 9 members of the state parliament. Another mandate fell to the KPD. The bourgeois parties had sunk into insignificance. The same picture emerged in the election to the Oldenburg state parliament on March 29, 1932 and in the Reichstag election in July 1932, in which the SPD fell from its 265,334 votes in the 1930 elections to 259,491, but the Nazis rose from 240,288 to 506,126 votes. In the Reichstag election in November 1932, the Social Democrats in Schleswig-Holstein lost 10% of their votes. Even if the NSDAP lost even more, the way to dictatorship was paved. In March 1933 there were more or less free elections. The National Socialists in Schleswig-Holstein achieved absolute majorities in the elections for the Reichstag as well as for the Landtag and the Provincial Landtag of Schleswig-Holstein .

Leading Social Democrats were arrested at the beginning of March. In Schleswig-Holstein, for example, Julius Leber , Gerhart Seger , Otto Eggerstedt and Kurt Pohle were arrested. Leading social democrats went into exile in Denmark. The SPD was officially banned on June 22nd. A number of groups continued the party work underground. This was made easier by the near border. At the latest from the beginning of the war, underground work was largely prevented.

Fresh Start - The Role of the Displaced

After the collapse in 1945, the democratic rebuilding in Schleswig-Holstein was shaped by the high number of displaced people. The population increased from 1.5 to 2.7 million. In percentage terms, no other country took in as many displaced persons as Schleswig-Holstein. 35% of the population were now displaced. The SPD was initially able to benefit from this. On the one hand, there were more than 2,000 former social democratic functionaries among the displaced persons who were taken in; on the other hand, the conflicts between established and new fellow citizens were stronger among the property owners than among the workers. In the 1947 state elections, the SPD received 53.3% more approval than in the state (43.8%) in the electoral district of the expellee camp in Kiel.

However, the bond between the displaced and the SPD soon waned. The expellees were considered to be underrepresented on the SPD's candidate lists (only 7 of the 43 SPD members were expellees after the state elections on April 20, 1947). The political attitudes of the displaced were also shaped by anti-communism. The development in the Soviet Zone meant that fear of socialism continued to grow.

With the approval of the BHE , the SPD lost the support of the displaced.

New beginning - the role of the occupying power

Even if the SPD was illegal during the National Socialist era, it was still able to tie in with the people and structures of the Weimar Republic. The CDU only had this opportunity to a much lesser extent. In addition, the CDU could not access the structures of the former Center Party. Therefore the party building of the Social Democrats proceeded much faster. In December 1946 the party had almost 73,000 members, while the Christian Democrats only had 14,331.

The behavior of the British occupying power (where the Labor Party came to power in 1945 ) also contributed to the rapid development of the SPD. The non-admission of expellee parties allowed the SPD to address this class of voters. A large number of mayors and district administrators were appointed from among the SPD. The strong consideration of the SPD candidates also became clear in the selection of the members of the appointed state parliament . In the first term of office , the SPD had 21 members and the CDU only 14 members.

In the local elections on October 13, 1946, voters had the first opportunity to show their preferences. The SPD was clearly the strongest force with 41.1% (and 1,168,863 votes), but the CDU achieved 37.2% (1,062,225 votes) and was thus far stronger than in the appointed state parliament. On December 2, 1946, the occupation authorities therefore adjusted the distribution of votes in the appointed state parliament . The SPD now had 25 and the CDU 23 seats. A transitional government under Theodor Steltzer (CDU) and Hermann Lüdemann (SPD) was appointed.

Shortly before the first free state elections, the SPD plunged this government into a serious crisis. The occasion was a draft law by Minister Franz Ryba (CDU) to set up a separate refugee administration. SPD parliamentary group leader Andreas Gayk spoke of an " enabling law " and requested that the state parliament withdraw confidence from Minister Ryba. This motion was accepted on February 28, 1947 in the Lübeck council chamber with 39 to 18 votes and plunged the government into a serious crisis. CDU parliamentary group leader Carl Schröter announced that he would withdraw the CDU ministers from the government. In the CDU, however, Theodor Steltzer prevailed, who advocated continuation of government work. For the CDU, therefore, Dr. Paul Pagel took over the ministerial office instead of Franz Ryba.

Years in government 1947 to 1950

The state elections in Schleswig-Holstein on April 20, 1947 led to a sole government of the SPD. This was less the result of large voter shifts than of the voting rights favored by large parties. According to the electoral law, 60% of the MPs should be elected in constituencies and 40% via the state list, without compensation mandates being awarded. The SPD won 34 of the 42 electoral districts, and 9 were added via the state list, so that the SPD had a clear absolute majority in the state parliament. The SPD was also the clear winner in terms of votes, but received far fewer than half of the votes. 43.8% of the votes (469,994 votes) were sufficient for 61% of the mandates according to the electoral law.

Hermann Lüdemann (SPD), who formed an SPD sole government , became Prime Minister . The main task of the government was to ensure that the population was supplied with food, clothing and housing. In particular, the housing shortage was severe due to war-related destruction and the increased population due to refugees. There was a shortage of 300,000 apartments, of which 35,000 were built during the SPD's reign. On September 6, 1947, against the votes of the CDU, the state parliament adopted a "law to transfer basic industry into common property". The occupation authorities refused to approve this law. The constitution (state statute for Schleswig-Holstein) of December 13, 1949 was largely determined by the SPD. The SPD initiated a land reform and introduced the six-year elementary school.

In the election for the first Bundestag on August 14, 1949, the SPD in Schleswig-Holstein only achieved second place with 29.6% of the vote, behind the CDU, which achieved 30.7% in Schleswig-Holstein. The SPD reacted to this election defeat by switching from Hermann Lüdemann to Bruno Diekmann in the office of Prime Minister. The Diekmann cabinet ruled from August 29, 1949 to September 5, 1950 .

38 years of opposition

In the state elections in Schleswig-Holstein on July 9, 1950 , the SPD even fell behind the result of the federal election with 27.5 percent. The winner was not the CDU, but the BHE, which appeared for the first time, reached 23.4 percent and won 15 mandates. A government consisting of CDU, FDP, DP and BHE was formed. This reversed the land reform and the extension of primary school and pursued a liberal economic policy. In the state elections in Schleswig-Holstein in 1954 , the SPD was the strongest party with 32.2 percent of the vote, but the bourgeois coalition was confirmed in office. In the state elections in Schleswig-Holstein in 1958 , the SPD also increased to 35.9 percent. The election winner, however, was the CDU, which was able to unite 44.9 percent. It was no different in 1962 : The SPD improved to 39.2% and remained in the opposition. The SPD remained at this level and in the opposition role for almost 20 years. The best-known SPD politician of this time was the state chairman Jochen Steffen , who belonged to the left wing of the party .

Perch affair and assumption of government responsibility

The Barschel affair in 1987 paved the way for the SPD back to power. Reiner Pfeiffer had campaigned for the CDU with unclean methods in the 1987 state election. This was reported on the day after the election as the cover story in “ Der Spiegel ” , which published excerpts the day before the election. As a result, there was a stalemate in the state parliament. Investigations followed after the election. After Uwe Barschel's resignation on October 2, 1987, the state parliament set up a committee of inquiry to clarify the allegations against Barschel. On the basis of the knowledge about the machinations of Barschel, who died in Geneva on the night of October 10th to 11th under circumstances that have not yet been clarified, the SSW MP Karl-Otto Meyer, a CDU candidate for the Prime Minister's office , refused Vote. As a result, the stalemate remained, which ultimately led to new elections.

The early state elections in 1988 brought the SPD a 54.8 percent share of the vote and an absolute majority. Björn Engholm (SPD) became Prime Minister. Engholm was also able to win the state election in 1992 with an absolute majority and 46.2 percent of the vote.

Heide Simonis, 2007

In 1993 it became known that Minister of Social Affairs Günther Jansen (SPD) had paid 50,000 DM in cash to Reiner Pfeiffer, the man who had publicized the Barschel affair in 1987.

A second committee of inquiry was formed to deal again with the events surrounding Uwe Barschel and the related role of the SPD. The events of 1993 came to be known as the drawer affair .

As a result of the committee's findings, Prime Minister Björn Engholm also announced his resignation. Heide Simonis (SPD) became his successor. She was the first woman to head a federal state.

In 1996 the SPD lost its absolute majority, but remained the strongest force in the state parliament with 39.8 percent of the vote. It formed a red-green coalition with Bündnis 90 / Die Grünen , which was also confirmed in the state elections in 2000.

State election 2005 and the consequences

Ute Erdsiek-Rave, 2009

The state election of February 20, 2005 produced an unclear result. The SPD was one mandate behind the CDU, so that red-green lost the majority in the state parliament. Mathematically, a red-green minority government tolerated by the SSW or a grand coalition with the SPD as a junior partner was possible. Heide Simonis opted for the minority government ( " Danish traffic light "), since they would have the Office of the Prime Minister otherwise have to give up.

In the state parliament session of March 17, 2005, a member of the state parliament, who has remained unknown to this day, refused to vote in four ballotings, so that Simonis ultimately decided against re-election and the SPD decided to form a coalition with the CDU.

In this grand coalition under Peter Harry Carstensen (CDU), Ute Erdsiek-Rave became Deputy Prime Minister, at the same time she remained Minister of Education. The coalition work was shaped by constant conflicts between Carstensen and Interior Minister Ralf Stegner (SPD). In 2008 Stegner had to resign as Minister of the Interior and became leader of the SPD parliamentary group in the state parliament. However, the conflicts persisted and led to the breakup of the grand coalition in July 2009. The early state election in Schleswig-Holstein in 2009 , which was held on the day of the 2009 federal election, led to the second worst result in party history since the Second World War, with 25.4 percent of the votes cast. A Christian-liberal coalition ( Cabinet Carstensen II ) was formed with a narrow majority .

The state constitutional court ruled that the state election law was unconstitutional due to the unequal weighting of votes and the possibility of significantly exceeding the constitutionally standardized maximum number of members of parliament. It ordered new elections by 2012 at the latest.

Torsten Albig

As early as February 26, 2011, Torsten Albig , the Lord Mayor of Kiel , was elected as the top candidate in a membership decision after there was agreement with the competitors that the result of the membership decision should be recognized. State and parliamentary group chairman Stegner received only 32.15 percent of the vote.

Results in the state elections


State election results
year Leading candidate be right Seats
1947 Hermann Lüdemann 43.8% 43
1950 Bruno Diekmann 27.5% 19th
1954 Wilhelm Käber 33.2% 25th
1958 Wilhelm Käber 35.9% 26th
1962 Wilhelm Käber 39.2% 29
1967 Jochen Steffen 39.4% 30th
1971 Jochen Steffen 41.0% 32
1975 Klaus Matthiesen 40.1% 30th
1979 Klaus Matthiesen 41.7% 31
1983 Bjorn Engholm 43.7% 34
1987 Bjorn Engholm 45.2% 36
1988 Bjorn Engholm 54.8% 46
1992 Bjorn Engholm 46.2% 45
1996 Heath Simonis 39.8% 33
2000 Heath Simonis 43.1% 41
2005 Heath Simonis 38.7% 29
2009 Ralf Stegner 25.4% 25th
2012 Torsten Albig 30.4% 22nd
2017 Torsten Albig 27.2% 21st

people

Party leader

Period Chairman
1945-1946 Theodor Werner
1946-1947 Wilhelm Kuklinski
1947-1948 Heinrich Fischer
1948-1954 Andreas Gayk
1955-1965 Walter Damm
1965-1975 Jochen Steffen
1975-1987 Günther Jansen
1987-1991 Gerd Walter
1991-1999 Willi Piecyk
1999-2003 Franz Thönnes
2003-2007 Claus Möller
2007-2019 Ralf Stegner
since 2019 Serpil Midyatli

Group leaders

Period Chairman
April 11, 1946 to October 10, 1950 Andreas Gayk
October 10, 1950 to October 2, 1953 Bruno Diekmann
October 3, 1953 to October 18, 1966 Wilhelm Käber
October 18, 1966 to May 3, 1973 Joachim Steffen
May 3, 1973 to April 12, 1983 Klaus Matthiesen
April 12, 1983 to May 31, 1988 Bjorn Engholm
May 31, 1988 to April 23, 1996 Gert Börnsen
April 23, 1996 to November 3, 1998 Ute Erdsiek rave
November 3, 1998 to January 15, 2008 Lothar Hay
since January 15, 2008 Ralf Stegner

fraction

Cabinets with SPD participation

More people

See also

literature

  • Franz Osterroth: 100 years of social democracy in Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel 1963
  • Kai Detlev Sievers: Social history of Schleswig-Holstein in the imperial era: 1867–1914, Neumünster 1991; in: History of Schleswig-Holstein: Vol. 8, Part 2; Serial 1., ISBN 3-529-02408-2 , pp. 54-60
  • Heinrich Laufenberg: History of the labor movement in Hamburg, Altona and the surrounding area, for the SPD Schleswig-Holstein above all the chapter "The Conquest of Schleswig-Holstein", 1911 (reprint 1977), ISBN 3-8012-2177-6 (volume 1) and ISBN 3-8012-2178-4 (Volume 2)

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ https://www.spd-schleswig-holstein.de/wp-content/uploads/sites/432/2019/03/2017-2019.pdf
  2. ↑ Our local associations - The SPD in the neighborhood. Retrieved January 8, 2020 (German).
  3. ↑ New working group Migration and Diversity founded
  4. ^ Heinrich Laufenberg : History of the workers' movement in Hamburg, Altona and the surrounding area. Hamburger Buchdruckerei and Verlaganstalt Auer & Co., Hamburg 1911, p. 282.
  5. ^ Social Democratic Party of Germany: Social Democratic Party Congress 1927 in Kiel. In: Library of the Friedrich Ebert Foundation. Verlag JHW Dietz Nachf., Berlin, 1927, accessed on January 8, 2020 .
  6. ↑ AKENS Information 39, Omland: "All of us 'yes' to the leader". Retrieved January 8, 2020 .
  7. ^ Ian Connor: German Refugees and the SPD in Schleswig-Holstein, 1945-50; in: European History Quarterly 2006; 36; 173 online
  8. ↑ Erich Maletzke, Klaus Volquartz: The Schleswig-Holstein Landtag, 1983, page 7
  9. ↑ Albig replaces Stegner. sueddeutsche.de, accessed on February 28, 2011 .
  10. ^ Results of the state elections in Schleswig-Holstein