Marine Le Pen

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Marine Le Pen (2014)
Signature of Marine Le Pen

Marine Le Pen [ lə̹ˈpɛn ] (* August 5, 1968 as Marion Anne Perrine Le Pen in Neuilly-sur-Seine ) is a French lawyer and politician of the right-wing extremist rallying movement Rassemblement National , which until June 2018 under the name Front National (Nationale Front, FN) occurred. On January 16, 2011 she succeeded her father Jean-Marie Le Pen as chairwoman of the FN. She ran in the French presidential elections in 2012 and 2017 , and in 2017 she made it to the runoff election against Emmanuel Macron . She was also a long-term member of the European Parliament, and has been a member of the French National Assembly since June 2017 .

resume

Marine Le Pen is the youngest of three daughters of the FN founder (1972) Jean-Marie Le Pen and his first wife, the model Pierrette Lalanne. She herself describes a bomb attack on her father's apartment in the 15th arrondissement on November 2, 1976 as a decisive experience in her life , in which, however, no one was injured. From then on, however, she tried to stand up for her father. The family later moved to Montretout, an upper-class property in Saint-Cloud that their father inherited from one of his followers. She attended the Lycée Florent-Schmitt in Saint-Cloud. She then studied until 1990 Law (Degree: Maîtrise) at the University Panthéon-Assas / Paris II in 1991 it acquired a. DEA in Criminal Law. In 1992 she was admitted to the bar and worked as a lawyer in Paris until 1998.

Marine Le Pen was married from 1997 to 2000 to the businessman Franck Chauffroy, who worked for the FN, and from this marriage has a daughter born in 1998 and twins born in 1999. After the divorce, she married the FN official Eric Lorio in 2002, from whom she divorced in 2006. She has been in a relationship with Louis Aliot since 2009 ; Aliot became one of the FN Vice Presidents in January 2011.

Political party

From 1998 to 2004 she was the head of the party's legal service. She was one of eight vice-presidents and, since 2003, vice-chairman of the Front National. Within the party, she fought for the position of party chairman to succeed her father Jean-Marie Le Pen with Bruno Gollnisch , who belongs to the right-wing extremist wing and was notorious for anti-Semitic statements, while Le Pen advocated opening up the party. In 2000 she became chairwoman of the FN youth organization Génération Le Pen.

On January 15, 2011, she was elected chairman on the basis of a member survey at a National Front party congress in Tours . In doing so, she prevailed against the long-standing deputy FN chairman Bruno Gollnisch. With a participation of 76 percent of the approximately 22,400 members, 67.65% would have voted for Marine Le Pen and 32.35% for Gollnisch. The result had already leaked the day before at the party congress. A day later, she officially took over the leadership of the party from her father. Gollnisch immediately rejected Marine Le Pen's offer for the office of first deputy. She announced that she would run in the 2012 presidential election. Polls in March 2011 predicted 23 percent of the vote for this, while President Nicolas Sarkozy was forecasting 21% at the time. After that, however, she was in the polls well behind the socialists François Hollande and Sarkozy in third place. In fact, on April 22, 2012, she received 17.9% of the valid votes, while François Hollande was elected President.

In the course of her repositioning of the party, she publicly called on her father to quit the party in April 2015; in August 2015 he was expelled from the party for “serious misconduct”.

She reapplied for the 2017 presidential election campaign in autumn 2016; her candidacy was undisputed within the FN, and up to November 2016 she was also in first place in opinion polls with up to 30% of the voting intentions for the first ballot. In the election on April 23, 2017, however, she received only 21.3% (behind the centrist candidate and political newcomer Emmanuel Macron with 24.0%), but thus made it into the runoff election. Between the ballots, Le Pen took part in a televised debate against Macron; the unanimous opinion was that it was clearly defeated. In the second ballot on May 7, 2017, she received 33.9% of the vote, far behind Macron (66.1%).

In mid-January 2020, Le Pen announced that she would run again for the French presidential election in 2022. Her party, now renamed "Rassemblement National" (National Collection Movement, RN), has yet to approve her application at the 2021 delegates' meeting.

Political positions

Le Pen with Wolen Siderow

After taking up the leadership of the party in 2011, Marine Le Pen pursued a strategy of “de-diabolization” in order to win over voters from the middle-class society for the politics of the Front National. She solicited Jewish support by marginalizing anti-Semitic politicians and clearly condemning the Holocaust as opposed to trivializing statements made by her father.

In financial and economic policy, she takes a protectionist tone, which, in the spirit of “economic patriotism ”, underlines France's sovereignty both vis-à-vis the EU and the international financial markets. For example, it is demanding France's exit from the euro and a return to the franc , in order to shift financial policy decision-making power from Brussels to Paris. Rhetorically, Le Pen claims to represent the true, cross-camp legacy of Gaullism , on the political spectrum from right to left . Your critical comments on capitalism and globalization in connection with the banking and euro crisis have alarmed the socialists, who fear that “left-lepenism” will outstrip voters. At the same time, the party under Le Pen's leadership has shed its reputation as a men's party and is enjoying increasing numbers of white working class women, a development that led the Socialist Finance Minister Pierre Moscovici to believe that she was politically “more dangerous than her father”.

Le Pen strictly rejects a multicultural society and calls for France to increase the assimilation of immigrants. In her speeches she stressed the - in her opinion - harmful influence of immigration on French society and the economy. It calls for severe cuts in welfare benefits for foreigners living in France , strict deportation laws for criminal immigrants and the abolition of the birthplace principle in order to obtain French citizenship. This should only be acquired through descent or merit. In order to fight crime, she proposes, among other things, a referendum to reintroduce the death penalty . Le Pen demonstratively advocates French secularism , which must be defended against the “ Islamization ” of the country. In 2011 Le Pen promised France's exit from NATO and deepening cooperation with Russia. At the end of 2016, she announced that if she won the French presidential election in 2017, she would pursue France's exit from the EU with the help of an exit referendum.

Mandates

From 1998 to 2004 and 2010 she was the General Councilor of Nord-Pas-de-Calais . From 2004 to 2009 she sat on the regional council of the Île-de-France .

In the 2004 European elections she topped the list of the Front National in the constituency of Île-de-France and, like her father, was able to win a seat in the European Parliament . There she became a non-attached member of the Committee on Culture and Education and of the Delegation for relations with Israel. In 2007 she was involved in the founding of the Identity, Tradition, Sovereignty faction , which was dissolved a few months later. In the European elections in 2009 and 2014 she was re-elected on the FN's list.

In the elections in June 2017 , she was elected to the National Assembly for the first time in the second ballot; Due to the rules against the accumulation of offices , she had to resign from her European mandate.

Affairs and controversies

In 2011, contrary to the rules of the European Parliament, Marine Le Pen hired her partner Louis Aliot as parliamentary secretary in her constituency.
On July 2, 2013, the European Parliament decided to lift Marine Le Pen's immunity . In 2010, she compared street prayers by Muslims with the occupation of France by National Socialist Germany. She said - alluding to the problems of the French suburbs - that there are places (no-go areas) where it is not good to be “a woman, homosexual or Jewish, not even French or white”. The criminal court in Lyon acquitted her in 2015, citing her right to freedom of expression.

In January 2017, Le Pen refused to repay the European Parliament € 342,000 that she had used to irregularly remunerate FN employees. At the end of June 2017, it became known that the French judiciary was investigating Le Pen on suspicion of breach of trust in this matter. Le Pen was sentenced in a second instance on June 18, 2018 to repay 300,000 euros.

On March 2, 2017, on the recommendation of its Legal Affairs Committee, the European Parliament lifted Le Pen's immunity. This followed an application by the Nanterre public prosecutor's office , which has been investigating the politician for “spreading images of violence” since the end of 2015. In December 2015, Le Pen published three atrocious photos of victims of the Islamist terrorist militia IS via her Twitter account , including the US journalist James Foley who was murdered in 2014 .

Awards and honors

In 2011 and 2015, Time magazine named her one of the 100 most influential people in the world.

The magazine Politico listed Marine Le Pen as number 2 of the 40 most important MEPs in 2016, justifying this with her role and her appearance in the European Parliament .

Works

Web links

Commons : Marine Le Pen  - Collection of Images, Videos and Audio Files
 Wikinews: Marine Le Pen  - on the news

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Julia Amalia Heyer: France between Le Pen and Macron . Dtv Verlagsgesellschaft / SPIEGEL-Verlag , Munich / Hamburg 2017, ISBN 978-3-423-26156-2 , pages 46-48 ( limited preview of Google Books ).
  2. Rudolf Balmer: Le Pen - a terribly political family . In: Nzz.ch , March 24, 2017, accessed on February 22, 2018.
  3. Biographie de Marine Le Pen - biography, news, photos, videos. In: closermag.fr. Retrieved January 21, 2017 (French).
  4. ↑ Change in leadership among French right-wing extremists - the second “Le Pen rocket” is at the start ( memento of January 18, 2011 in the Internet Archive ), tagesschau.de, notification of January 15, 2011
  5. a b Friedrich Schmidt: A family under the sign of the torch. In Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung , January 16, 2011.
  6. Right-wing extremists choose Le Pen as boss. In: Spiegel Online . January 16, 2011, accessed January 21, 2017 .
  7. France's right-wing extremists shake Sarkozy's throne. In: Spiegel Online . March 5, 2011, accessed January 21, 2017 .
  8. a b Présidentielle 2012 - Intentions de vote aux élections - Sondages en France. In: sondages-en-france.fr. Retrieved January 21, 2017 (French).
  9. ^ Résultats de l'élection présidentielle 2012. In: elections.interieur.gouv.fr. Retrieved January 21, 2017 (French).
  10. From now on without the stubborn head. In: Süddeutsche Zeitung . April 10, 2015, accessed January 21, 2017 .
  11. Gregoire Poussielgue: FN: la rentrée pas si tranquille de Marine Le Pen. In: Les Echos (online). September 2, 2016, accessed September 9, 2016 (French).
  12. a b Official election results on elections.interieur.gouv.fr . Accessed June 5, 2017
  13. France - Right-wing extremist politician Le Pen runs for the 2022 presidential election. Accessed January 17, 2020 (German).
  14. a b c d e f g Ambrose Evans-Pritchard: France's triumphant 'Joan of Arc' vows to bring back franc and destroy euro . In: The Telegraph , June 30, 2013, accessed July 5, 2013.
  15. Mariana GREPINET: Marine Le Pen: "Si j'étais présidente". In: Paris Match . July 12, 2010, accessed January 21, 2017 (French).
  16. Stefan Ulrich: The soloists climb the stage again. In: Süddeutsche Zeitung . March 23, 2012, accessed January 21, 2017 .
  17. a b Le Pen should lose parliamentary immunity. In: Spiegel Online . June 1, 2013, accessed January 21, 2017 .
  18. Marine Le Pen for France's exit from NATO and closer cooperation with Russia. In: Voice of Russia . April 13, 2011, accessed January 21, 2017 .
  19. Le Pen starts election campaign with attacks on the EU. In: inFranken.de. February 5, 2017. Retrieved February 6, 2017 .
  20. Marine Le Pen pleads for “Frexit”. In: RT German . December 24, 2016. Retrieved January 29, 2017 .
  21. www.interieur.gouv.fr ( Annezin )
  22. sueddeutsche.de: The true face of Marine Le Pen (analysis)
  23. Pourquoi le FN reste discret sur l'affaire Penelope Fillon . In: lefigaro.fr . January 26, 2017, accessed May 6, 2017 (French).
  24. EU Parliament lifts Marine Le Pen's immunity. In: TagesWoche . July 2, 2013, accessed January 21, 2017 .
  25. ^ Acquittal for Marine Le Pen. In: tagesschau.de . December 15, 2015, accessed February 22, 2017 .
  26. Le Pen to repay 342,000 euros to the European Parliament In: Neue Zürcher Zeitung , January 30, 2017.
  27. ^ Investigations against Le Pen tagesschau.de, June 30, 2017
  28. FAZ.net: Marine Le Pen loses in court
  29. EU Parliament lifts Marine Le Pen's immunity. In: Spiegel Online . 2nd March 2017.
  30. Vladimir Volfovich Zhirinovsky: The 2011 TIME 100: Marine Le Pen . In: Time , April 21, 2011, accessed February 22, 2018.
  31. Vivienne Walt: The 100 Most Influential People: Marine Le Pen . In: Time , April 16, 2015, accessed February 22, 2018.
  32. The 40 MEPs who actually matter: Marine Le Pen . In: Politico , accessed February 22, 2018.