Working student
As a working student Students are referred to, exercising a gainful employment while studying to earn a living or to gather practical experience.
history
The term working student originated during the First World War and initially referred to students who were permanently or temporarily released from military service and who, in addition to their studies, were supposed to replace missing workers in industry or agriculture.
The term was officially used for the first time at the Erlangen Studententag in 1921: Working students were students who had to earn their living in whole or in part by doing additional work in crafts, in factories, mines or in agriculture. The working student was a typical form of the Weimar Republic , whose economic problems particularly affected the student body. Due to the large number of working students during the economic crisis of 1923, which significantly impaired university teaching, the universities sought material support such as the creation of cafeterias or the establishment of scholarship foundations (e.g. the German National Academic Foundation ). The number of working students in Germany was around 10,000 in 1920 and 64,000 in 1923. After the Second World War, the proportion of working students in the Federal Republic of Germany increased considerably and amounted to 44.9% in 1956 and 30.2% in 1959 (each based on the number of all students).
Today's meaning
Working students are now people who are enrolled as regular students at a technical school or university and who, in addition to their studies, have more than marginal employment or self-employment . Since October 1, 1996, working students u. U. compulsory insurance in the pension insurance according to the general rules applicable to them. In unemployment insurance and long-term care insurance, working students are still exempt from insurance, as are statutory health insurance up to a certain limit (Section 6 I No. 3 SGB V, Section 27 IV SGB III, as of Nov. 2013, see below). The working time may not exceed 20 hours per week during the lecture period.
In addition to this definition, however, there are also deviations, especially if the working time in addition to studying is more than the maximum of 20 hours per week during the lecture period. In some cases, the working hours outside of the lecture hours increase to a full-time level. A job as a student trainee differs from normal student jobs if the professional proximity to the course promotes the achievement of the goal of the training through the acquisition of practical knowledge and skills. The employer usually offers support for specialist and bachelor theses. An approach that is often practiced is to apply the theoretical knowledge from the course in practice in the work as an employee or even to anticipate knowledge to be acquired later from the course. The practical knowledge acquired in this way and general work experience can later have a positive effect on a possible hiring, which is why this form of gainful employment occurs comparatively often alongside studies. One example of this type of training is that of a graduate in administration . So it's not just about the additional income to finance your studies and livelihood, but about the training goal itself.
This can practically always lead to delimitation problems.
Classification in social security
Since October 1, 1996, working students are, as described, under certain circumstances compulsory for statutory pension insurance according to the general rules. In statutory health insurance and unemployment insurance, employment is still exempt from insurance. The legal bases include § 6 Paragraph 1 No. 3 SGB V and § 27 Paragraph 4 SGB III , the specific design has been worked out by the jurisprudence of the BSG over the course of time: the study should be in the foreground, the weekly working hours are therefore allowed Do not exceed 20 hours ("half-day"). During the semester break, on the other hand, the number of hours does not play a role, and social security law does not require any specific reference to the course. However, if the wage exceeds the limit (1/7 of the reference value according to Section 18 SGB IV) for free family insurance (in health and long-term care insurance), the student is obliged to pay insurance and contributions . Such student jobs are not to be confused with internships prescribed in study and examination regulations . For employers, working students are therefore an important opportunity to find junior employees, introduce them to their company and at the same time save costs on social security contributions. Many large companies in Germany therefore employ working students .
See also
literature
- Erich Brautlacht: The working student . Munich 1924.
- Hermann Mitgau (Hrsg.): Experiences and experiences Heidelberg working students. A collection of reports . Heidelberg 1925.
- Eugen Minzenmay: The working student. A job problem. Stuttgart 1923.
- Wilhelm Schenkel: The working student . Potsdam 1927.
- Central social security associations: Joint circular for employed students, interns and similar persons of July 27, 2004
Web links
- "Erlanger Program" of the German student body from 1921
- Circular from the central associations of social insurance v. July 27, 2004 (pdf; 238 kB)
- DGB youth ~ working students
Individual evidence
- ^ Studentenwerke.de: The Erlanger program from 1921
- ^ Friedhelm Golücke : Student dictionary . Graz / Vienna / Cologne 1987, p. 499.
- ↑ http://wirtschaftslexikon.gabler.de/Archiv/85658/werkstudent-v7.html (accessed on October 18, 2012)