Calonymids
As kalonymos family refers to a Jewish family, originally from Lucca originates in Italy and later in Provence and in Germany was established. The origin of the name is unclear. Kalonymos ( Greek Καλώνυμος ) means "good name"; it could be a translation of the Hebrew "Shem-Tov". Leopold Zunz points out a correspondence with the Latin Cleonymus .
An exact point in time when parts of the family group moved to Germany cannot be clearly established. According to a report by Thietmar von Merseburg , a Jew named Qalonymus saved the life of Emperor Otto II in the battle of Cape Colonna with the Saracens in 982. From the 11th to the 13th centuries she was one of the leading Jewish families in the German Rhine region ( Worms , Speyer and Mainz ). Important religious and cultural leaders of this time were calonymids. Above all, they were the best-known representatives of German Hasidism . The representatives of the family brought Italian traditions with them to their new home. It was probably they who introduced the pijjut to Jewish worship in Germany. The first Pajtan known to us from the family association of the calonymids was Moshe ben Qalonymus, whose work on the seventh day of Passover found its way into several Jewish prayer books .
Their well-known representatives include:
- Qalonymus ben Jehuda
- Qalonymus ben Moshe meLucca
- Qalonymus ben Isaac
- Samuel ben Kalonymus he-Hasid
- Jehuda ben Samuel he-Chasid
- Jehuda ben Qalonymus ben Moshe meMainz
- Jehuda ben Qalonymus ben Meir meSpeyer
- Eleazar ben Jehuda meWorms
- Meshullam ben Kalonymos (Meshullam the Great)
- Kalonymos ben Meschullam was head of the Jewish community in Mainz until 1096 . When it was leaked that the Crusaders had committed pogroms against the Jews in France , he sent a messenger to Emperor Henry IV in Italy, who thereupon ordered all secular and spiritual princes to protect the Jews. Although most tried to do so, the persecutions of the Jews occurred at the time of the First Crusade , known in Jewish culture as Gezerot Tatnu .
A representative of the family from Provence is Kalonymus ben Kalonymus .
Name cartridge for a scientific journal
The magazine Kalonymos , published by the Salomon Ludwig Steinheim Institute , was named after the calonymids.
See also
Individual evidence
- ↑ in the "Zeitschrift" by Abraham Geiger . Volume II, p. 316.
- ^ Kalonymos ben Meschullam in the Jewish Encyclopedia