Meshullam ben Kalonymos

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Meshullam ben Kalonymos was a rabbi , decisor and pajtan at the end of the 10th century. He is also known as Meshullam the Great or Meshullam of Rome .

Life

Meschullam comes from the important family association of the Kalonymiden , which originally comes from Lucca in Italy and later settled in Provence and in Germany, namely Mainz and Speyer . The calonymids played an important role for several generations in the dissemination of science and the liturgical poetry of Judaism in the Holy Roman Empire .

By settling in Mainz, Meshullam brought both the erudition of Italian Jewry to the Rhine and contacts with the Talmud interpreters of the Jewish academies in Babylonia . Moses ben Kalonymos, or Moses the Elder , founded the family line of the Kalonymids in the early Middle Ages , he lived around 980. He is credited with founding the Mainz community.

Meschullam became known not only for his poems, but also for his notices on economic culture among trading families and communities. This Maarufja forbids the municipalities to poach non-Jewish customers from one another and to establish business relationships with them and thus guarantees an exclusive distribution right to a specified customer. Meshullam probably also had a decisive influence on the development of Ashkenazi worship.

Leopold Zunz dates the time of Meschullam's death to the year 975. It is assumed, however, that Meschullam spent another 15 years up to around 1000-1010 in Mainz. His grave stone from the year 1020 with Rabbana Meshullam ben Rabbi Rabbana Kalonymos labeled and identified the oldest grave stone on the Mainzer Judensand .

His son was Rabbi Kalonymos ben Meshullam .

Remarks

  1. ^ Elisabeth Hollender : Meschullam ben Kalonymos the great . In: Contributions to German-Jewish history from the Salomon Ludwig Steinheim Institute. 1st year, issue 2, 1998, p. 12.
  2. ↑ Ursula Homann: Jews in Rhineland-Palatinate - centers of Jewish learning .
  3. ↑ Lucia Raspe: Jewish hagiography in medieval Ashkenaz. Mohr Siebeck, Tübingen 2006, ISBN 3-16-148575-0 , p. 171; Michael Brenner: A Little Jewish Story. CH Beck, Munich 2008, ISBN 978-3-406-57668-3 , p. 101.
  4. ^ Haim Hillel Ben-Sasson (ed.): History of the Jewish people. From the beginning to the present . CH Beck, Munich 1992, ISBN 3-406-36626-0 .
  5. ↑ Gerhard Müller et al. (Ed.): Theologische Realenzyklopädie. Volume 36, Parts 4-5.
personal data
SURNAME Meshullam ben Kalonymos
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Meshullam the Great; Meshullam of Rome
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Rabbi, Decisor and Pijjut
DATE OF BIRTH 10th century
DATE OF DEATH 11th century