Zahlbach (Mainz)

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Zahlbach on a map from the 19th century

Zahlbach was a formerly independent municipality at the gates of Mainz , which was in the immediate vicinity of the municipality of Bretzenheim. At the beginning of the 19th century Zahlbach was incorporated into the city of Mainz and is now part of the Mainz districts of Mainz-Bretzenheim and Mainz-Oberstadt .

Surname

The place name Zahlbach is derived from the medieval Zagelbach . This describes the zigzag course of the Zaybach or Zeybach, where the village of Zahlbach arose.

Geographical location

The community was located to the west of Kästrich , which was built in Roman times and stretched along the Zaybach (also: Zeybach or Zahlbach) in the Zaybach Valley. The community of Zahlbach bordered directly on the neighboring community of Bretzenheim. The Zaybach comes from Bretzenheim and continues to flow into the Rhine at the old north-western border of the city. It is completely channeled today. In the inner city of Mainz this canalization took place as early as 1663 when the Bleichenviertel was being built, and in Zahlbach itself it was not until the late 1950s. The mouth was located on the current site of the castle high school opposite the electoral castle .

history

The area of ​​Zahlbach was already built on in Roman times . In Flavian times, the aqueduct to the legionary camp was built across the Zahlbach valley on the Kästrich . The Zahlbachtal was crossed with a two-story bridge construction. Most of the “ Roman stones ”, remains of the Roman pier stumps of the aqueduct, can still be seen in the former Zahlbach area . Also in the area of ​​Zahlbach were parts of the canabae legionis, which developed southwest of the legion camp . These existed from the end of the 1st century BC. Until the middle of the 4th century. At that time they were abandoned after the camp was demolished.

In Augustan times a large military cemetery was built on the slope of the Kästrich towards the Zahlbach valley. Most of the tombstones that are still in museums today were also found here, which are of great value as epigraphic evidence of the early Mogontiacum period . In early Christian historiography, the Zahlbach valley was the vallis sacra , the sacred valley. The church of St. Hilary (later consecrated to Saint Aureus , who is buried here), which served as the burial place of the Mainz bishops in the early Middle Ages , probably already existed in late Roman times and must have played a greater role at that time.

In the Middle Ages, the Dalheim monastery (also: St. Maria in the sacred valley) dominated the village. After the transfer from Altmünster Abbey (Mainz) to the Cistercian Order in 1235/1243, St. Maria in the Holy Valley (also called "Dalheim") was founded as a new Cistercian foundation in Zahlbach in 1251 and in 1265 subordinated to the abbot of Eberbach Monastery . Mainly patrician daughters from Mainz belonged to the monastery, and it became the largest landowner in Zahlbach and Bretzenheim and even temporarily acquired the bailiwick rights ( local rule ) in Bretzenheim, which it retained until the 18th century. The first original document of the monastery dates from the year 1251. Earlier documents of the monastery, which had existed for a long time, were lost when the monastery was destroyed earlier (1250). The monastery with the Cistercian nuns from Mainz was in close proximity to the Roman stones. It was the largest landowner in Zahlbach and Bretzenheim. In both localities, the respective abbess had local rule in the form of bailiwick rights and retained this until well into the 18th century. During the Schmalkaldic War , the place was captured by Hessian troops on August 9, 1546 , but remained politically under the rule of the Archbishopric of Mainz after the end of the war . In 1802 the monastery was dissolved due to the secularization in the course of the consular decision to abolish monasteries and monasteries and demolished over the next few years.

On May 23, 1805, Zahlbach was incorporated into the city of Mainz under the French prefect Jeanbon St. André . The reason for this was the construction of the municipal Aureus cemetery on the Zahlbach site. During the term of office of St. Andrés, Mainz expanded and enlarged its urban area. So he reached the extension of the city limits from Mainz to Bretzenheim with simultaneous incorporation of the up to then halfway independent Zahlbach. In the Mainzer Zeitung on August 26th ( 8th Fructidor ) 1805 one could read about this event:

"By an imperial decree of the 3rd Prairial (23 May) the boundaries between the city of Mainz and the municipality of Bretzenheim were determined in such a way that Zahlbach and its territory will belong to Mainz in the future."

A well-preserved example of cooperative housing in Mainz is the symmetrically laid out Görzsiedlung of Bau- und Sparverein Mainz with eleven three or four - story apartment buildings in a restrained home style . The settlement of the Gorizia Foundation was laid out between 1903 and 1937 with green inner courtyards.

Zahlbach today

Today numerous names still remind of the former municipality and the former district. There is the Zahlbacher Steig along the slope to the University Clinic (as a connection between Oberer and Unterer Zahlbacher Strasse), the “Zahlbach” tram stop, the Zahlbach daycare center and the Mainz-Zahlbach 1862 eV gymnastics club , known for its badminton Bundesliga team .

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Wilhelm Huber: The Mainz Lexicon . Hermann Schmidt, Mainz 2002, ISBN 3-87439-600-2 . Keywords "Bleichenviertel" and "Grinsturm".
  2. ↑ Ludwig Falck: The Free City in its heyday 1244-1328. In: Mainz: The history of the city. Mainz 1998, pp. 150-151.
  3. ^ Wolfgang Dobras: The electoral city (1462-1648). In: Mainz: The history of the city. Mainz 1998, p. 248.
  4. ^ General Directorate for Cultural Heritage Rhineland-Palatinate (ed.): Informational directory of cultural monuments - district-free city of Mainz. Mainz 2020, p. 64 (PDF; 5.4 MB).

Coordinates: 49 ° 59 '  N , 8 ° 15'  E