St. Michaelis (Grubingen)

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St. Michaelis Church
Grubingen
The church in Grubingen in the map of Spessart by Paul Pfinzing from 1594
Number of bells 3

The Church of St. Michaelis in Grubingen was a Romanesque church building in what is now the Lower Franconian district of Miltenberg , the administrative district of Lower Franconia in what is now the Bavarian part of the Spessart .

history

The Wüstung Grubingen (later also: Grübingen) was a municipality on the Main in what is today the Lower Franconian district of Miltenberg , which was first mentioned in a document at the beginning of the 14th century . The church was the parish and mother church for the branches of the localities Klingenberg , Röllfeld and Schmachtenberg , the cemetery was also used by these places. In 1372 and 1419 the Kirchsatz zu Grubingen in the then diocese of Mainz fell to the Teutonic Order . In the late Middle Ages , the owner of the church set was also the administrator of the parish's property. This included property and taxes, like tithe . For this reason, this office was given to particularly deserving clergy ( parochus ), who in turn entrusted other clergy with the performance of the actual parish tasks ( plebanus ). In the 14th century the parish had a relatively large fortune. In the time of the Thirty Years' War beginning of the 17th century, about 1630, the town was probably due to a plague - epidemic abandoned. In the course of the 17th century, the function of the parish church was more and more transferred to its branch churches in Klingenberg and Röllfeld . In 1756 the church was already quite dilapidated, but Röllfeld and Klingenberg spoke out against demolishing the church building. In 1778 the archbishop commissioner in Aschaffenburg ordered the demolition of the dilapidated Grubingen church and the erection of a crucifix with a memorial inscription . Pastor Johann Peter Stadtmüller from Mönchberg was authorized to do the demolition. The property was divided between the parish churches of Klingenberg and Röllfeld. The churchyard was closed and the maintenance of the cemetery wall was transferred to the two parishes. The material was sold. Among other things, the bells were sold to the Church of St. John the Baptist in Mönchberg. In 1779 the cemetery was finally leveled under the direction of the pastors of Klingenberg and Röllfeld, but was later used again until 1847 due to overcrowding of the Röllfeld cemetery. In 1959, the east wall of the cemetery was moved to the west to make way for State Road 2309 . In 1979 the cemetery was restored. The layout of the complex indicates that it had the shape of a fortified church . The foundation walls of the church tower can still be seen today on the Main side of the Grubingen churchyard. The high altar was probably on the east side in the direction of the road to Großheubach.

Historical situation

The parishes of Klingenberg and Röllfeld, like the parish of Grubingen, belonged to the Mainz regional chapter of Montad. Together with the three other deaneries Lohr - Rieneck , Rodgau - Seligenstadt , Taubergau - Bischofsheim , this formed the so-called Aschaffenburg Commissariat. This was probably the successor of the medieval Archdeaconate of Aschaffenburg in Mainz.

Todays situation

Memorial plaque on the west wall of the Grubingen cemetery in 2008

Today only the cemetery wall with the arched entrance portal can be seen from the outside . These remains of the entire complex are located about 1.5 km south of today's Klingenberg district of Röllfeld between the state road 2309 to Großheubach and the Main . In the middle of the former cemetery is the crucifix with the memorial plaque for the church, which the archbishopric of Mainz commissioned in Aschaffenburg in 1778.

architecture

The Romanesque church had a steeple and a sacristy . There was one pulpit in the church and a second outside in the churchyard. The gallery was accessible via an outside staircase. The main entrance with the entrance portal was covered. The church tower was re-covered in 1603 and the nave in 1605. In 1605 the choir was repainted and in 1622 the roof was re-covered.

The churchyard was surrounded by a wall in the 17th century and divided into different areas for the different localities. In the churchyard there was a hermitage with a barn and wine press . There was a well outside the cemetery . At the cemetery were a charnel house and the Holy Wendelin consecrated chapel , which presumably was connected me to the churchyard wall.

Facility

The Grubingen parish church was equipped with four altars . The high altar was dedicated to the Archangel Michael . There was also the Marien Altar , the Wolfgang Altar and the Catherine Altar . Inside the church there was a baptismal font from the late Romanesque period , which was placed in the Röllfeld Church of the Assumption of Mary in 1624. A second late Gothic one came to Röllfeld in 1778 after the Grubing church was demolished. According to oral tradition, there is also a crucifix from 1600 and a tabernacle door from 1626, which are in the possession of the Röllfeld Church from Grubingen. There were 27 benches in the nave. One of the graves in the church was the tomb of Konrad V von Bickenbach, who died in 1393 and is now in the Bavarian National Museum in Munich . The epitaph is one of the historically important tombs of the Middle Ages and is considered an early work by the Schwarzburg master, whose later works are in the Würzburg Cathedral and in the Mainz Cathedral .

Bells

On August 12, 1710, the people of Klingenberg brought the 8 to 9 hundredweight Michaelis bell from around 1500, which was the largest bell in the Grubingen church, to their town. The church last had three bells , one of which was cast again in 1614. The three bells were removed from the tower of the Grubing Church on March 31, 1778 and on May 16 to the parish of St. John the Baptist in Mönchberg for 435  fl and 33 kreuzers and 6 fl 16 kreuzers for the iron on the bells 94 pounds sold. At that time, the Mönchberger's big bell broke. With the bells from Grubingen you then had a total of 6 old bells. From these they had 4 new ones poured, "by a bell founder who was French and lived in Aschaffenburg at the time".

The three bells
inscription Weight
Marcus - Lucas - Mateus - Johannes 380 pounds
From the partying I, Henrich Roth gos me, in Hanau for was, in the MDCIV. year 314 pounds
gos mich Johann Georg Barthels in Franckfurth in 1710 125 pounds

The Wendelinus Chapel

The Wendelinus Chapel was on the site of the Grubinger cemetery on the wall facing the street. It had a small, but high room, the foundations of which were exposed in 1959 when the 2309 state road was expanded. The hermitage and the bell- ringer's apartment were connected to this Wendelinus Chapel . The ossuary was also not far away . The chapel was auctioned together with other material from the demolished church on March 31, 1778 in the cemetery for 226 fl 35 cruisers. By moving the cemetery wall to the west, the state road now leads over the former location of the chapel .

See also

literature

  • Dieter Michael Feineis: Grubingen . In: Würzburger Diözesan Geschichtsblätter - special edition . 55th volume. Diocese of Würzburg, Würzburg 1993, p. 53–87 ( klingenberg-main.de [PDF; accessed on July 19, 2012]).
  • Dieter Michael Feineis: Overview of the history of the Klingenberg rule up to the beginning of the 16th century . In: Würzburger Diözesan Geschichtsblätter - special edition . 54th volume. Diocese of Würzburg, Würzburg 1992, p. 153–176 ( klingenberg-main.de [PDF; accessed on July 21, 2012]).
  • Dieter Michael Feineis: Röllfeld . Kath. Pfarramt Röllfeld, Röllfeld 1980 ( klingenberg-main.de [PDF; 1.8 MB ; accessed on July 23, 2012]).
  • Dieter Michael Feineis: Catholic Churches in Klingenberg - A walk through the history of the Catholic parishes Sankt Pankratius - Klingenberg, Sankt Mariä Himmelfahrt - Röllfeld and Sankt Maria Magdalena - Trennfurt, pp. 235-298 . S. 53–87 ( klingenberg-main.de [PDF; accessed on July 23, 2012]).
  • Alexander Schöppner: Sagenbuch der Bayerischen Lande: From the mouth of the people, the chronicle and the poets (=  Kindle Edition . Volume 2 ). Contumax, S. 788 ( zeno.org [accessed July 19, 2012]).
  • Gudrun Berninger: Grubingen - Documentation on the occasion of the restoration of the old cemetery 1976–1979 . Ed .: Förderkreis Grubingen. Heinrich Bingemer Buchdruck, Obernburg / Klingenberg 1979.

Web links

Commons : St. Michaelis  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Feineis: Röllfeld . (PDF) 1980, p. 10
  2. ^ Franz Schaub: Spessart walks . Süddeutscher Verlag, Munich 1982, ISBN 3-7991-6165-1 , p. 49
  3. ^ A b Gudrun Berninger: Grubingen . 1979
  4. ↑ a b Feineis: Röllfeld . (PDF) 1980, p. 13
  5. ↑ Würzburger Diözesan Geschichtsblätter , Volume 55, 1993. (PDF) p. 79
  6. ↑ Feineis: Catholic Churches in Klingenberg . (PDF) pp. 238-239, 274
  7. ↑ Feineis: Röllfeld . (PDF) 1980, p. 17
  8. ↑ Würzburger Diözesan Geschichtsblätter , Volume 55, 1993. (PDF) p. 77

Coordinates: 49 ° 45 '2 "  N , 9 ° 10' 48"  E