Carl Schorlemmer

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Carl Schorlemmer (around 1880)

Carl Schorlemmer (born September 30, 1834 in Darmstadt , † June 27, 1892 in Manchester ) was a German chemist .

Life

He was the eldest son of the carpenter Johannes Schorlemmer and his wife Katharine Philippine Schorlemmer. After a short stay at elementary school, he went through the four-class secondary school. Between 1850 and 1853 he attended the higher trade school in Darmstadt. For the following 2½ years he completed an apprenticeship in the Lindenborn pharmacy in Groß-Umstadt . After passing his assistant examination, he accepted a position in the Schwanenapotheke in Heidelberg .

In Heidelberg he had the opportunity to attend Robert Wilhelm Bunsen's lectures . These impressed him so much that he decided to devote himself entirely to chemistry. In 1859 he studied in Giessen for a semester . In the fall of the same year he accepted a private assistantship with Henry Enfield Roscoe in Manchester. Just two years later, he became a teaching assistant there.

From 1862 he devoted himself to intensive studies of alcohol radicals and hydrocarbons of the fat series. He proved that the hydrides of alcohols and the hydrocarbons, which were then regarded as radicals of alcohol, were the same thing. The halogenation of the hydrocarbons, which is mainly used here, led him to the discovery of new isomeric relationships between different halides of the hydrocarbons and the associated alcohols, as well as their mutual conversions and the elucidation of their constitution. With the exception of methane and butane, Schorlemmer studied the whole range of normal paraffins up to octane and their derivatives and discovered the normal pentane , heptane and diisopropyl , among others .

Schorlemmer had been a professor of organic chemistry in Manchester since 1874 . He was a member of the Philosophical Society from 1870, the Royal Society from 1871 and the American Philosophical Society from 1878. In 1887 he was elected a member of the German Academy of Natural Scientists Leopoldina . Schorlemmer had been a member of the Social Democratic Party of Germany since 1889 and a close friend of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels , whom he advised on scientific issues. His specialty was the simple hydrocarbons , which he classified under a uniform theoretical point of view and some of which he was able to present in pure form for the first time. He is therefore also considered a pioneer in petrochemistry .

Honors

Fonts (selection)

  • HE Roscoe: Short Textbook of Chemistry. According to the latest scientific views. With numerous wood engravings imprinted in the text. German edition edited by Carl Schorlemmer with the assistance of the author . Vieweg & Son, Braunschweig 1867
  • HE Roscoe and C. Schorlemmer: Short Textbook of Chemistry: According to the Latest Views of Science . - German Output / edit by Carl Schorlemmer. 2., according to the latest research verm. And verb. Edition - Vieweg, Braunschweig 1868 ( digitized edition of the University and State Library Düsseldorf )
  • HE Roscoe and C. Schorlemmer: Short Textbook of Chemistry - According to the Latest Views of Science . 2nd edition Vieweg & Sohn, Braunschweig 1869
  • HE Roscoe: Spectral analysis in a series of six lectures with scientific addenda. Authorized German edition, edited by Carl Schorlemmer . Vieweg & Sohn, Braunschweig 1870 online
  • Textbook of carbon compounds or organic chemistry . Vieweg & Son, Braunschweig 1871
  • HE Roscoe, C. Schorlemmer: Detailed textbook of chemistry . Vol. 1. Vieweg & Sohn, Braunschweig 1873
  • HE Roscoe: Short Textbook of Chemistry According to the Latest Views in Science. With numerous wood engravings imprinted in the text and a colored spectral board. German edition, edited by Carl Schorlemmer with the assistance of the author . 4., according to the latest research probably u. verb. Vieweg & Sohn, Braunschweig 1873
  • Manual of the Chemistry of Carbon Compounds, or organic chemistry . London 1874
  • Textbook of carbon compounds or organic chemistry . 2. verb. Vieweg & Sohn, Braunschweig 1874
  • HE Roscoe: Short Textbook of Chemistry. According to the latest scientific views. With numerous wood engravings imprinted in the text. German edition edited by Carl Schorlemmer with the assistance of the author . 5. verb. Vieweg & Sohn, Braunschweig 1875
  • HE Roscoe; C. Schorlemmer: A Treatise on chemistry . Vol. 1-3, London, New York 1877-1892
  • HE Roscoe; C. Schorlemmer: A Treatise on chemistry . 2nd ed. London, New York 1878
  • HE Roscoe; C. Schorlemmer: Detailed textbook of chemistry . 4 vols. Vieweg & Sohn, Braunschweig 1877–1889
  • HE Roscoe: Short Textbook of Chemistry. According to the latest scientific views. With numerous wood engravings imprinted in the text. German edition edited by Carl Schorlemmer with the assistance of the author . 6. verb. Vieweg & Sohn, Braunschweig 1878
  • The rise and development of organic chemistry . Manchester and London 1879
  • HE Roscoe et al. Carl Schorlemmer: Short textbook of chemistry according to the latest views of science . 7. verb. Vieweg & Sohn, Braunschweig 1882
  • Origine et Développement de la Chimie organique. Ouvrage traduit de l´anglais avec autorisation de l´auteur par Alexandre Clapéde . Paris 1885
  • Textbook of carbon compounds or organic chemistry . Braunschweig 1886
  • The origin and development of organic chemistry . Vieweg & Son, Braunschweig 1889
  • Carl Schorlemmer: Origin and Development of Organic Chemistry. (Ostwald's Classics of Exact Sciences, Vol. 259), Academic Publishing Company Geest and Portig, Leipzig 1984

literature

  • Friedrich Engels: Obituary for Carl Schorlemmer im Vorwärts , No. 153 of July 3, 1892. In: Karl Marx / Friedrich Engels - works. Volume 22, Dietz Verlag, Berlin 1963, pp. 313-315
  • Herman Haupt (Ed.): Hessian biographies. Volume I, delivery 1st Grand Ducal Hessian State Publishing House, Darmstadt 1912
  • Schorlemmer, Carl . In: Chambers's biographical dictionary. The great of all nations and all times. Originally complied by David Patrick & Hindes Groome . New Edition edited by Wm. Geddie & J. Liddell Geddie. London Philadelphia 1929, p. 832
  • JK Roberts: The life and work of Carl Schorlemmer . Manchester 1972 Diss.
  • Karl Heinig: Carl Schorlemmer. First-rate chemist and communist. BG Teubner, Leipzig 1974
  • Schorlemmer . In: German pharmacist biography . Vol. 2, Stuttgart, 1978, pp. 599 f.
  • Schorlemmer Carl Ludwig [sic!] . In: Lexicon of important chemists . Bibliographisches Institut, Leipzig 1988, ISBN 3-323-00185-0 , p. 386.
  • Martin Koch: Dialectics, Chemistry and Socialism. The German naturalist Carl Schorlemmer was born 175 years ago. In: Neues Deutschland from September 26, 2009
  • Manfred Schöncke: Carl and Ludwig Schorlemmer, their relationship to Marx and Engels in books. To the partial estate of Ludwig Schorlemmer that was found. In: Contributions to Marx-Engels research. New episode. Born in 2009, Argument-Verlag, Hamburg 2009, ISSN  0232-8577 , pp. 225-250

Web links

Commons : Carl Schorlemmer  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Hans Meyer-Schwarzenberger: Schorlemmer from Rosenthal near Peine. In: Hessian gender book. Vol. 16, Starke, Limburg an der Lahn 1964, pp. 93–112
  2. ↑ Member entry of Carl Schorlemmer at the German Academy of Natural Scientists Leopoldina , accessed on June 25, 2016.
personal data
SURNAME Schorlemmer, Carl
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German chemist
DATE OF BIRTH September 30, 1834
PLACE OF BIRTH Darmstadt
DATE OF DEATH June 27, 1892
Place of death Manchester