n -pentane

Structural formula
General
Surname	n -pentane
other names	Pentane; Amyl hydride; R601; PENTANES ( INCI ) ;
Molecular formula	C 5 H 12
Brief description	colorless, almost odorless liquid
External identifiers / databases
EC number	203-692-4
ECHA InfoCard	100.003.358
PubChem	8003
ChemSpider	7712
DrugBank	DB03119
Wikidata	Q150429
properties
Molar mass	72.15 g mol −1
Physical state	liquid
density	0.63 g cm −3 (20 ° C)
Melting point	−130 ° C
boiling point	36 ° C
Vapor pressure	562 h Pa (20 ° C); 815 h Pa (30 ° C); 1.15 bar (40 ° C); 1.59 bar (50 ° C);
solubility	very bad in water (39 mg l −1 at 20 ° C)
Refractive index	1.358
safety instructions
H and P phrases	H: 225-336-304-411
	EUH: 066
	P: 273-301 + 310-331-403 + 235
MAK	1000 ml m −3 , 3000 mg m −3
	As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions . Refractive index: Na-D line , 20 ° C

n -Pentane is a colorless liquid with the empirical formula C₅ H₁₂ and is one of the alkanes . The name “pentane” is derived from the five bonded carbon atoms ( penta , Greek: “five”). It is the linear representatives of three structural isomers of pentanes ( n -pentane, isopentane and neopentane ).

Extraction and presentation

Pentanes occur in natural gases, cracked gases and gasoline and can be obtained from them by distillation. They are part of the petroleum ether .

properties

Physical Properties

Pentane is a colorless liquid that smells like petrol. It is non-polar, and thus z. B. hardly soluble in water, but miscible with most organic solvents. The solubility in water is 39 mg / l (20 ° C). The calorific value H _i is 12.6 kWh / kg.

The compound forms azeotropically boiling mixtures with a number of other solvents . The azeotropic compositions and boiling points can be found in the following table. No azeotropes are with cyclohexane , n -hexane , n -heptane , toluene , benzene , n -propanol , n -butanol , i -butanol , 2-butanol , chloroform , THF , and acetic acid formed.

Azeotropes with various solvents
solvent		water	Methanol	Ethanol	2-propanol	acetone
Content n -pentane	in%	99	93	95	94	80
boiling point	in ° C	35	30.9	34	35	32
solvent		Diethyl ether	Methyl acetate	Carbon disulfide	Acetonitrile
Content n -pentane	in%	32	78	89	90
boiling point	in ° C	33	34	36	35

Inhaling the vapors has an anesthetic effect in higher concentrations; dizziness, drowsiness, headache, nausea and cardiac arrhythmias can occur.

Safety-related parameters

n-pentane forms highly flammable vapor-air mixtures. The compound has a flash point of −49 ° C. The explosion range is between 1.1% by volume (33 g / m³) as the lower explosion limit (LEL) and 8.7% by volume (260 g / m³) as the upper explosion limit (UEL). With a minimum ignition energy of 0.28 mJ, vapor-air mixtures are extremely ignitable. The maximum explosion pressure is 9.5 bar. The limit gap width was determined to be 0.93 mm. This results in an assignment to explosion group IIA. The ignition temperature is 260 ° C. The substance therefore falls into temperature class T3.

use

Today it is often used as a CFC- free refrigerant (R601) in refrigerators and air conditioning systems, as a solvent and for foaming rigid polyurethane foams, phenolic resin and polystyrene.

Individual evidence

↑ Entry on PENTANE in the CosIng database of the EU Commission, accessed on July 6, 2020.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t Entry on pentane in the GESTIS substance database of the IFA , accessed on January 10, 2017(JavaScript required) .
↑ Entry on pentanes. In: Römpp Online . Georg Thieme Verlag, accessed on September 30, 2014.
↑ Entry on pentanes in the Classification and Labeling Inventory of the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA), accessed on February 1, 2016. Manufacturers or distributors can expand the harmonized classification and labeling .
↑ Calorific values Calorific values
↑ ^a ^b I.M. Smallwood: Handbook of organic solvent properties , Arnold London 1996, ISBN 0-340-64578-4 , pp. 12-13.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d Brandes, E .; Möller, W .: Safety parameters - Volume 1: Flammable liquids and gases , Wirtschaftsverlag NW - Verlag für neue Wissenschaft GmbH, Bremerhaven 2003.
↑ BG RCI-Merkblatt T 033 Avoidance of ignition hazards due to electrostatic charges , Jedermann-Verlag 2009, ISBN 978-3-86825-103-6 .

Web links

Commons : Pentane - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Wiktionary: Pentane - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

[CosIng-1] Entry on PENTANE in the CosIng database of the EU Commission, accessed on July 6, 2020.

[GESTIS-2] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t Entry on pentane in the GESTIS substance database of the IFA , accessed on January 10, 2017(JavaScript required) .

[3] Entry on pentanes. In: Römpp Online . Georg Thieme Verlag, accessed on September 30, 2014.

[CLP_100.003.358-4] Entry on pentanes in the Classification and Labeling Inventory of the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA), accessed on February 1, 2016. Manufacturers or distributors can expand the harmonized classification and labeling .

[5] Calorific values Calorific values

[Smallwood-6] I.M. Smallwood: Handbook of organic solvent properties , Arnold London 1996, ISBN 0-340-64578-4 , pp. 12-13.

[Brandes-7] Brandes, E .; Möller, W .: Safety parameters - Volume 1: Flammable liquids and gases , Wirtschaftsverlag NW - Verlag für neue Wissenschaft GmbH, Bremerhaven 2003.

[BG_RCI_T033-8] BG RCI-Merkblatt T 033 Avoidance of ignition hazards due to electrostatic charges , Jedermann-Verlag 2009, ISBN 978-3-86825-103-6 .