Schipkau (Schipkau)

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Schipkau
community Schipkau
Coordinates: 51 ° 30 ′ 56 ″  N , 13 ° 53 ′ 51 ″  E
Height : 111 m above sea level NHN
Area : 14.25 km²
Residents : 2761  (December 31, 2016)
Population density : 194 inhabitants / km²
Postal code : 01993
Area code : 035754
Aerial view of Schipkau

Schipkau (officially Zschipkau until 1937 ; Upper Sorbian Šejkow ) is part of the municipality of the same name in Schipkau in the Oberspreewald-Lausitz district in southern Brandenburg . The place is in Niederlausitz, northwest of Senftenberg .

history

The old Schipkau coat of arms

Name development

Schipkau was first mentioned in 1332 as Tschipko . The name is derived from the Sorbian word Sykow for the bird lapwing . This indicates that the village was located in a wooded and water-rich area. Another derivation of the name is traced back to Tipkow , rose hip. In 1937 the name was changed from Zschipkau to Schipkau .

The Sorbian name was reproduced in 1843 as Tśipkow and Třipkow , in 1861 the Germanized spelling Schekow and in 1884 Šejkow can be found .

Time to industrialization

The place Schipkau has a special role within the community Schipkau. All other parts of the municipality as well as the neighboring Senftenberg with its districts belonged to the Saxon office of Senftenberg and from 1815 to the Prussian district of Calau . Until 1861 Schipkau was an exclave of the Mückenberg rule (today Lauchhammer-West ). Around 1600 the place belonged to Mr. Schleinitz on Saathain . Wolf Dietrich von Schleinitz had leased the hunt in his area to the Saxon elector. Until the end of the Second World War and the foundation of the Senftenberg district in 1950, Schipkau belonged to the Saxon office of Hayn (Hamt Hojn) , "today Grossenhain ".

From industrialization to World War II

From 1870, lignite was mined and briquetted. The “Zschipkauer brown coal works” came into being, they acquired the stately bush that belongs to the Mückenberg estate . The Wilhelmstolln was built in the area and shortly thereafter a briquette factory. The lignite was initially extracted in civil engineering. Due to industrialization, there was an influx of people and thus an expansion of the place. From 1880, the colony on the Vogelberg was established southwest of the village. When the Schipkau-Finsterwalder Railway started operating in the 1870s, Schipkau was connected to the railway network. A brick factory was built in 1886 and another briquette factory was built in 1888. On January 1, 1898, the Wilhelmstolln, the two pits and the brickworks were transferred to the Niederlausitz coal works Fürstenberg .

After 1894 Schipkau was connected to the telegraph line. The connection to the power supply took place in 1912 and to the water network on October 3, 1919.

With the National Socialist takeover of power, the community leader Paul Hänzka was replaced. Her Bock became mayor. The town hall and the cemetery chapel were inaugurated in 1935. From 1938 a new settlement of the Berliner Braunkohle-Petrol AG (BRABAG) was built on the Schipkauer Flur . At the same time, BRABAG built a lignite hydrogenation plant in neighboring Schwarzheide , which today belongs to BASF . Parts of the Schipkau area were dredged over by the opencast mine "Anna - Süd". At the same time the Reichsautobahn Berlin – Dresden, today's A 13, was built . At the beginning of the Second World War, refugees from the Rhineland came to Schipkau. At the end of the war, the refugees came mainly from the Krotschin, Jaroslau and Wreschen districts. On the night of April 21-22, Russian troops moved into Schipkau, and apart from two artillery hits, there was no fire.

In April 1945 the so-called “ Lost Trainstopped near Schipkau for two days. It was the last of three transport trains that left the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp in April 1945 with the destination Theresienstadt . After an odyssey through still unoccupied Germany, the train finally stranded in Tröbitz in southern Brandenburg . A memorial near the town today commemorates the Jewish prisoners who died in Schipkau.

From World War II to today

Schipkau Hauptstraße
- village
green , remains of the original town center - on the right the Hänzka bakery and on the left the former butcher shop Wolnjok, or "Wollniok", until around 1905 the Zschipkau school room

On Christmas Eve 1952, a separate church was built in Schipkau, which had belonged to the Klettwitz Parish since 1857.

From 1956 to 1964 the districts of Hentschelmühle, Vogelberg and Kolonie were devastated by the Klettwitz opencast mine . About 2000 people had to be relocated. The mining limit ran along the old location. The overburden hole with a depth of up to 70 meters was later backfilled. The Vogelbergers and resettled residents from the western districts of Klettwitz - Wilhelminensglück were housed in the Schipkau new building area on Galgenberg from 1956 . Between the 1960s and 1990s, other residential complexes in today's Schipkau were built. Between 1986 and 1988, the first people moved into the Rosa-Luxemburg-Siedlung development area , the construction of which continued until the early 1990s.

After the political change in the GDR , there was a surplus of apartments due to the departure of residents and the unrealized devastation of Annahütte and Klettwitz. Some of the apartment blocks built in the 1960s and 1970s were demolished.

On December 31, 2001, Schipkau, Klettwitz, Annahütte , Drochow , Meuro and Hörlitz merged to form the municipality of Schipkau. Schipkau received district status on April 20, 2004.

Population development

Population development in Schipkau from 1875 to 2000
year Residents year Residents year Residents year Residents year Residents year Residents
1875 527 1890 889 1910 1752 1925 2015 1933 2129 1939 2774
1946 3430 1950 3326 1964 3469 1971 4598 1981 4042 1985 3857
1989 5407 1990 5330 1991 5177 1992 5181 1993 5157 1994 5129
1995 4996 1996 4810 1997 4579 1998 4338 1999 4143 2000 3907
2009 2,837 2010 2,814

Locations and parcels

as well as remains of the Vogelberg colony and the old village center from the Germanic modern era .

Culture and sights

Monuments

Memorial stone to the lost train

On April 25, 2003, near Schipkau, at the place of the two-day stopover of the lost train, a grave site with a stone was inaugurated in memory of the Jewish victims. 51 dead were buried near the community in April 1945. A memorial for 20 Jewish prisoners was laid out at the Schipkaus cemetery.

The post bridge at the Krügersmühle residential area and the stone signpost at the Poststrasse / Ruhlander Strasse intersection are listed in the state monument list.

Sports

In addition to soccer, SV Askania Schipkau also offers skittles , gymnastics and weight training. The club's focus is on football with two men's teams and junior teams in all age groups. The sports club is the bearer of the old Schipkau coat of arms.

There is also the bowling club Schipkau e. V. Two men and two women teams take part in competitions on a 4-lane facility. The first women’s team in the 2. Bundesliga has so far achieved the greatest sporting success.

In 1992 the pool billiard club Schipkau was founded. In 2006 the association moved into new rooms in the community center. A more open game operation could be implemented in the new rooms. PBC Schipkau is currently playing in the 2nd Bundesliga North.

traffic

Schipkau is on the L 60 state road between Lauchhammer and Senftenberg . The Autobahn 13 leads past the eastern edge of the village, the next junction at Klettwitz is about one kilometer north of Schipkau.

Passenger traffic on the Finsterwalde – Schipkau and Schipkau – Senftenberg railway lines with Schipkau station was discontinued in 1966.

The Schwarzheide-Schipkau airfield , which is operated jointly with the city of Schwarzheide, belongs to the district of Schipkau .

literature

  • Herta Schuster. Schipkau A historical look back. Horb am Neckar 1995, ISBN 3-89570-048-7 .
  • Frank Förster : Disappeared Villages - The demolitions of the Lusatian lignite mining area until 1993 . Domowina-Verlag, Bautzen 1995, ISBN 3-7420-1623-7 .
  • Eberhard Rebohle: Schipkau Kolonie - history and stories about a mining settlement in Lower Lusatia . REGIA-Verlag, Cottbus 2012, ISBN 978-3-86929-112-3 .

Individual evidence

  1. a b Register of municipalities and districts of the state of Brandenburg. Land surveying and geographic base information Brandenburg (LGB), accessed on June 17, 2020.
  2. Ernst Eichler and Hans Walther : Oberlausitz toponymy - studies on the toponymy of the districts of Bautzen, Bischofswerda, Görlitz, Hoyerswerda, Kamenz, Löbau, Niesky, Senftenberg, Weißwasser and Zittau. I name book . In: German-Slavic research on naming and settlement history . tape 28 . Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1975, p. 270 f .
  3. Brandenburg Statistics (PDF)
  4. Official Gazette of the community of Schipkau 2009 at daten.verwaltungsportal.de (PDF)
  5. Official Gazette of the municipality of Schipkau 2011 at daten.verwaltungsportal.de (PDF)
  6. List of monuments of the state of Brandenburg; Oberspreewald-Lausitz district; Status: December 31, 2008; Village center German Middle Ages, village center modern times. Page 2 ( Memento of the original from October 29, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 132 kB). @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / preview.bldam-brandenburg.de

Web links

Commons : Schipkau  - collection of images, videos and audio files