Illmersdorf (Drebkau)

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City of Drebkau
Coordinates: 51 ° 41 ′ 37 "  N , 14 ° 10 ′ 32"  E
Height : 75 m above sea level NN
Area : 9.14 km²
Incorporation : January 1, 1958
Incorporated into: Casel
Postal code : 03116
Area code : 035602
Illmersdorfer Dorfstrasse, looking west
Illmersdorfer Dorfstrasse, looking west

Illmersdorf , Njamorojce in Lower Sorbian , is a part of the municipality in the Casel district of the city of Drebkau in the Spree-Neisse district (Brandenburg). The place was an independent municipality until January 1, 1958, when it was incorporated into the neighboring municipality of Casel.

geography

Illmersdorf is five kilometers northwest of the core town of Drebkau and around 13 kilometers southwest of the old town of Cottbus. Illmersdorf no longer has a district; it was united with the district of Casel. The former district Illmersdorf corresponds to the corridors 5, 6 and 7 of today's district Casel. It bordered in the north on Wiesendorf and Kackrow , in the east on Koschendorf , in the southeast on Siewisch , in the south on Radensdorf and in the west on Casel and Brodtkowitz . Most of the former district is wooded. The only watercourse on the former district is the Brodtkowitz ditch, which begins in several arms north of the village center and drains to the north. In the east, the Koselmühlenfließ forms the border of today's Casel district and the former Illmersdorf district. In the south, the New Buchholzer Fließ just touches the former district. Historically there was the Rohrteich north of the place and the Lugk-Teich northwest of the place.

A small street connects Illmersdorf with the eastern Koschendorf and the western desert grove and Brodtkowitz. In the south, the L52 formed the border to the (original) district of Casel.

history

The place was first mentioned around 1500 as Ylmerstorff . In 1511 the name appears as Irmelsdorff, in 1527 as Ilmesdorf and in 1652 as Illmerßdorff. The name is of German origin. Eichler leads it from a personal name Elmar (from the older Agilmar), so the village of an Elmar, probably the locator. Houwald, on the other hand, derives the name from a Hilmar, according to the spelling Hilmersdorff in a document from 1571. Accordingly, it would have been the village of a Hilmar. Illmersdorf was originally a small round village that was severely deformed by the formation of the manor.

Ownership history

Around 1500 Illmersdorf (or only part of Illmersdorf) belonged to the brothers Hans and Andreas von Greifenhagen (Greyffenhain). They sold it before 1511 to Caspar (I.) von Zabeltitz, the son of Hans von Zabeltitz von Wolkenberg, who was enfeoffed on Thursday after Maria Magdalena in 1511 with Illmersdorf and three bushels of grain and garden interest in Laasow . Hans von Greyffenhain was judged on March 29, 1511 in Berlin for street robbery with the sword.

After the feudal letter for Caspar (I) von Zabeltitz, his brothers Christoph and Peter were also enfeoffed. He had to provide half a knight's horse for the fief of Illmersdorf. But the von Löben also owned two Hüfner named Jeggel and Nowack with three-half hooves and five gardeners in Illmersdorf , who sold them to Caspar von Zabeltitz soon after 1511. According to the feudal letter for Siegmund von Köckritz auf Raakow of October 17, 1527, he also had rights in Illmersdorf, which came from the Bohemian crown. Illmersdorf no longer appears in later enfeoffments of von Köckritz with the Raakow manor, ie these rights were probably also sold to Caspar (I.) von Zabeltitz soon after 1527. He also owned Hänchen , Milkersdorf and Kunersdorf . Caspar (I.) von Zabeltitz was married to an NN von Gersdorf and had four sons Hans, Christoph, Joachim and Caspar (II.) With her, who after his death in 1536 were enfeoffed with Illmersdorf, Hänchen, Milkersdorf and Kunersdorf. Joachim sold his share to his brothers in 1537; he died around 1550.

On December 11th, 1545, the brothers Christoph, Hans and Caspar von Zabeltitz zum Hänchen and Illmersdorf were enfeoffed with the village of Brodtkowitz by Landvogt Albrecht von Schlick Graf von Passaun . Hans von Zabeltitz was the governor in Driesen in the Neumark . Apparently the three brothers shared, with Hans receiving Illmersdorf and Milkersdorf. He was married to Anna von Zabeltitz, who, by consensus on January 17, 1564, received Illmersdorf as a personal item. Apparently in 1569 Hans had a second marriage with an NN. from Gersdorf. He died before 1571. His brother Christoph was in Hänchen and Caspar (II) had acquired Schorbus . The next owner of Illmersdorf was again a Caspar (here Caspar (III.)), A son of Hans von Zabeltitz. He was not of age when his father died in 1571. Christoff von Zabeltitz auf Hänchen and Caspar (II.) Zu Schorbus for their nephew Caspar (III.) Accepted the resurrection when the Brandenburg Elector Johann Georg took office in 1571. In 1575 Caspar (III) is the owner of Illmersdorf, so he must have come of age by then. Caspar (III.) Appears in numerous feudal letters from his close relatives von Zabeltitz as a co-leaned. He was married to Dorothea von Zabeltitz, daughter of Christoph von Zabeltitz and Catharina von Haugwitz von Tranitz . Milkersdorf and Heinersdorf also belonged to him . In 1583 the Zabeltitzer zum Hänchen and Illmersdorf had to put together a knight horse. In 1591 he had to raise a capital of 2,000 guilders from Wenzel von Lawald and transfer him to Milkersdorf. In 1612 he bought half of Kackrow and Wiesendorf . In 1616 he was also able to acquire the other half of Kackrow and Wiesendorf from the brothers Siegmund, Ernst, Georg, Hans Ludwig and Antonius von Musche (Mosch). In 1623 there was a mine in Illmersdorf in which gold (or rather amber?) Was dug. In 1625 he sold the two villages of Kackrow and Wiesendorf to Adam von Loeben on Krieschow . He received the consensus on December 29, 1626. On May 29, 1632 Caspar (III.) Von Zabeltitz left the villages of Illmersdorf and Brodtkowitz to his only son Hans for 19,000 thalers. The four daughters, two of whom were already married, had received or should still receive, in the event of their marriage, 1,000 thalers of marriage property each. The two as yet unmarried daughters Eva and Margarethe were supposed to receive 200 thalers for their wedding and 60 thalers a year for their livelihood before their wedding. Hans von Zabeltitz was married to Dorothea von Knobelsdorf and / or Anna von Muschwitz. Due to the common name Hans in the Zabeltitz family, this is not entirely certain. She had brought in 4,000 thalers into the marriage. Hans was also entitled to loan money of 2,000 thalers. Loan money and marriage money should remain on the estate without interest. It came back soon afterwards. On July 15, 1633 Hans von Zabeltitz gave - belatedly - the courage for the paternal fief. He apologized that he had not been able to do this because of the plague and war races that had fallen into place . Hans, Caspar's blessed son zu Ilmersdorff, was absent for the resurrection on the occasion of the assumption of government of Brandenburg Elector Friedrich Wilhelm in 1644.

Hans von Zabeltitz had a son Caspar (IV.), About whom not much is known. In 1652 he died without a physical heir, Krüger mentions Caspar von Zabeltitzes heirs for that year. The property was apparently heavily in debt and ultimately had to be left to the creditors, who sold it to David Heinrich von Normann in 1661 for 4,500 thalers. According to Houwald, he is probably identical with David Joachim von Normann, who was court squire of Baron von Kittlitz in Spremberg . David Joachim von Normann was married to a von Zabeltitz von Illmersdorf, his second marriage to a von Eichendorf. He was the son-in-law of Hans (or Caspar IV) von Zabeltitz. The son Dubislaff Philipp von Normann came from the first marriage. He was born on February 6, 1670. He was with Eleonore Gottliebe von Zabeltitz, daughter of Caspar Ernst von Zabeltitz and his wife Hedwig Sofie geb. married von Muschwitz auf Hänchen and Radensdorf. Dubislaff Philipp von Normann took over the Illmersdorf estate for 5,500 thalers. The marriage produced five daughters and the son, Caspar Ernst (born February 5, 1696 in Illmersdorf), who later took over Illmersdorf. The five daughters were: 1. Sofie Marianne, married to Aegidius Leonhard von Zabeltitz auf Eichow, 2. Erdmuthe Eleonore, married to the royal Polish. Rittmeister von Grünberg, 3rd Charlotte Tugendreich, 4th Gottliebe (both apparently unmarried) and 5th Johanna Louise married. with Jobst Ernst von Loeben on Krieschow and Groß Osnig. Dubislaff Philipp von Normann died on January 22nd, 1727 in Illmersdorf.

Alliance coat of arms on the west side of the church - "With God's help, this church was built by Caspar Ernst von Normann MDCCXLII Royal-Prussian Colonel Guard of the Cavalry"

Then Caspar Ernst took over from Normann Illmersdorf. In 1728 he married Johanna Luise von Barfus from the Reichenow family (district of Reichenow-Möglin ). The sister Sophie Marianne married Egidius Leonhard von Zabeltitz on Eichow . The eldest son Johann Ernst von Zabeltitz was born in Illmersdorf around 1729. In 1738 Caspar Ernst von Normann acquired shares II Hänchen for 11,600 thalers from Friedrich Nikolaus von Rhaden and shares I Hänchen in 1740 for 10,000 thalers from Wolf Ernst von Zabeltitz. Caspar Ernst von Normann had a new half-timbered church built in Illmersdorf in 1742. T. is plastered. The inscription with the alliance coat of arms on the west side of the church says: "With God's help, this church was built by Caspar Ernst von Normann MDCCXLII Royal Prussian Colonel Sergeant of the Cavalry". The church of Illmersdorf achieved a certain fame because eleven corpses, members of the von Normann family, buried there in the crypt under the tower were mummified by the special microclimatic conditions (see article Mummies von Illmersdorf ). Caspar Ernst von Normann made it to the rank of major in the Prussian army. He had the sons Wilhelm Erdmann (September 14, 1734), August Christian (* April 9, 1736), Otto Leberecht (* August 30, 1737) and Johann Alexander (* July 8, 1743) as well as the daughters Caroline Louise (* 3 March 1740, married to the Saxon major von Schönberg auf Dannenberg) and Philippine Charlotte (3 August 1745, married to the Saxon major Johann Wilhelm von Manstein). Three sons died as young children. Caspar Ernst von Normann died on March 27, 1748 in Illmersdorf and was buried in the church and tomb he built, as was his wife Johanna Luise, née. of barefoot.

First in 1758, the son August Christian von Normann took over the Illmersdorf estate, but only one year later he left it to his brother Wilhelm Erdmann. Hänchen fell to his son Johann Alexander (* July 8, 1743; † November 12, 1799), whose guardian was Baron Franz Matthäus von Vernezobre de Laurieux on Krieschow. The son Otto Leberecht died as an officer in the Sienese Years War. Wilhelm Erdmann was born on September 14, 1734 in Bärwalde . The Prussian Rittmeister Wilhelm Erdmann von Normann was first married to Eleonore Justine (or Ulrike Eleonore) von Rieben (1736–1765), who died giving birth to her second child and is buried in the family crypt in the church. In his second marriage, Wilhelm Erdmann married the sister of his first wife, Helene Juliane von Rieben from the Galenbeck family . He entered into a third marriage with Friederike Freiin von Vernezobre de Laurieux (* 1754), daughter of Baron Friedrich Wilhelm von Vernezobre de Laurieux on Krieschow. From the first marriage came the son Ludwig Ernst August (* 1768; † 1808 in Rathenow), who was a royal Prussian officer with the rank of captain, from the second marriage the son Friedrich Wilhelm Heinrich von Normann (* December 16, 1771) . From the third marriage came the daughters Johannette (unprovoked) and Juliane, who was married to Colonel Ludwig von Köckeritz from the Siewisch family, heir to Milkersdorf.

In 1774 the property went bankrupt and fell to the creditors von Langen, von Manstein and von Schönberg, who in 1775 sold it to Marie Else Helene Juliane Margarethe von Normann (née von Rieben), the wife of Wilhelm Heinrich von Normann. She died in 1778 and bequeathed it to her children Wilhelmine Juliane (she married the royal Prussian captain Richard Albrecht von Wartenberg on April 29, 1790, divorced in 1798) and Friedrich Wilhelm Heinrich von Normann. Wilhelm Erdmann von Normann died on March 21, 1806 in Illmersdorf.

In 1801 Friedrich Wilhelm Heinrich von Normann paid off his sister and took over the estate alone. His first marriage was Philippine Freiin von Kottwitz, and after her death in 1819, he married Jeanette von Arnim from the Gerswalde family. In 1809 Friedrich Wilhelm von Normann was district administrator of the Cottbus district. The Krieschow estate of his uncle Johann Alexander von Normann also fell to him after the death of his widow Friedrike Auguste von Bojanowska. He died on January 29, 1821; his widow Jeanette von Arnim married his nephew Alexander Gottlob von Normann, who is then called Krieschow in the second marriage. Heir, however, was the son of Friedrich Wilhelm Heinrich von Normann, Friedrich Wilhelm Otto.

In 1835 the manor Illmersdorf was leased for ten years by the minor race Friedrich Wilhelm Otto von Normann (born April 30, 1821 in Krieschow, + July 29, 1874 in Klein Mehßow ). In addition to farming and livestock farming, the estate had a brick factory, a few carp ponds and a bar to run the brandy distillery. He was entitled to some inconsistent gradients and natural produce and the low and medium hunt. In 1843 Friedrich Wilhelm Otto von Normann sold the Illmersdorf estate for 60,000 thalers, Krieschow with Wiesendorf for 82,500 thalers to Henri / Heinrich Graf von Pourtalès-Gorgier. In the same year he married Margarethe von Houwald (1824-1853), daughter of the writer Christoph Ernst von Houwald on Sellendorf. Friedrich Wilhelm Otto von Normann died on July 29, 1874 in Kemmen.

The topographical-statistical overview of the government district of Frankfurt ad O. from 1844 indicates Heinrich Graf von Pourtalès-Gorgier as the owner. He was born on February 5, 1815 as the son of James Alexander Count von Pourtalès-Gorgier. He married Anna Maria Countess von Escherny on June 22, 1840 (born September 11, 1820). The couple had four children: Marie (* April 15, 1841), Emilie (* December 15, 1842), Arthur (* August 31, 1844) and Luise Henriette (* June 25, 1847). Berghaus also names the count as the owner of Illmersdorf in 1850. It is not known when Heinrich Graf von Pourtalès-Gorgier sold Illmersdorf.

Rauer names Julius Louis Mayer (Israelite) as the owner of Illmersdorf in 1857 . In 1867 the topographic-statistical manual of the government district of Frankfurt a. O. the merchant Meyer Ball zu Calau as the owner. At that time Meyer Ball lived in the so-called Judenhaus in Calau and was a wool merchant. In 1879 the Meyer Ball heirs are the owners of Illmersdorf. The brickworks is the only larger business enterprise added to agriculture and forestry. The estate had a size of 649.12 hectares; 147.07 ha of this was arable land, 52.76 ha on meadows, 42.24 ha on guarding and 395.10 ha on forest. In 1885 the estate came into the possession of Heinrich von Witzleben. The manor comprised 649 ha; with 120 hectares of arable land, 53 hectares of meadows and 464 hectares of forest. It was leased to a certain Lehmann. In 1914 the estate still belonged to Heinrich von Witzleben in Altdöbern, who was raised to hereditary count in 1886 . Gustav Weger was the tenant of the estate. The property handbook of 1910 gives a total size of the property of 668.61 hectares, of which 120 hectares are arable land, 53 hectares of meadows, 464 hectares of forest and interestingly 12 hectares of water. The Rohr pond or the Lugk pond had probably not yet been drained (again). In 1921, Helmut Roebbelen is the new owner of the property, which only comprises 135 hectares. In 1923 it belonged to Hans Meyer in Berlin, who leased it to Otto Rohrbeck. The estate only comprised 75 hectares of arable land and 35 hectares of meadows. A smaller estate of 21 hectares, which Wilhelm Schonnop had leased or bought, had been separated from this.

Population development in Illmersdorf from 1783 to 1950
year 1793 1818 1846 1852 1871 1890 1910 1925 1939 1946 1950
Residents 126 147 181 211 172 136 143 120 111 151 137

Village history

In 1635 the Feldmark of Illmersdorf was divided into 20 hooves, 14 hooves were knight hooves and six were peasant hooves; but four of them were desolate. In addition, two gardeners and two shepherds lived in the village. In 1652 the Schulze lived in Illmersdorf next to the manor, he managed a Hufe, a gardener and seven Büdner. These eight people cultivated some of the local rulers' fields. Two farm estates with two hooves each, one farm with one hoof and two gardeners' estates lay desolate. In 1718/19 there were 14 knight's hooves, 2⅓ peasant hooves, a farm with half a hoof, a farm with one hoof, a farm with 3⅓ hoof, a farmer with one hoof and ten gardeners. The field was sown annually. 1763 lived 15 kossaets and a Kruger (or Schänker) in the place. There was a sheep farm that belonged to the rulership. The Schmettausche map from 1767/87 shows a brick factory north of the town center. In 1783, 126 people lived in 22 fire places (houses). In 1809 Bratring gave the following information: Illmersdorf, village and estate, 14 Ganz-Kossaten, 2 Büdner, a granny, blacksmith, brick factory, 1500 acres of wood and various lakes. The field marrow had seven hooves (without the estate). 138 people lived in 23 houses. In 1818 there were 29 houses with 147 residents in the village. The uninhabited brickworks north of the village center is listed separately. In 1840 the number of houses had risen to 39 with 181 residents. After Riehl and Scheu there was a school in Illmersdorf in 1861. There were 34 houses in the village; it had 213 inhabitants. A brickyard and a distillery belonged to the manorial estate. In 1864 there were 28 residential buildings in the village. At that time Illmersdorf had 214 inhabitants.

Illmersdorf on the Urmes table sheet 4351 Drebkau from 1846
Illmersdorf on the table sheet 4351 Drebkau from 1919

The former district of Illmersdorf is mainly divided between the Urmes table sheets 4251 Cottbus-West and 4351 Drebkau. The western parts of the former district are already on the Urmes table sheets 4250 Vetschau and 4350 Altdöbern. Noteworthy details on the Urmes table sheets are the brickworks, the reed pond, which has now disappeared, and the Lugk pond. A forester's house is noted at the western exit of the town on the Mes table sheet 4351 Drebkau from 1919 (Illmersdorfer Dorfstrasse 1); it is then missing in the edition of the measuring table sheet from 1936.

Communal and Political History

In the late Middle Ages, the Lower Lusatian village of Illmersdorf belonged to the Brandenburg rulership of Cottbus and, in the early modern period, to the Cottbus district, which was attached to the Neumark in the 16th century . In 1806 Prussia had to cede the dominions of Cottbus and Peitz to the Kingdom of Saxony due to the Tilsiter Peace . As early as 1813 the two lordships were reintegrated into the Prussian administration. This became legally binding under international law when the resolutions of the Congress of Vienna came into force in May 1815. Illmersdorf remained in the Cottbus district during the district reform of 1816. In 1874 administrative districts were formed in Prussia; Illmersdorf was assigned to the district no. 17 foliage assigned. The head of office was the manor owner Stielow auf Rehnsdorf, his deputy manor owner Dr. from Wackersbarth in Koschendorf.

From 1807 Illmersdorf was legally seen and, to a certain extent, an independent rural community. The manor district was formed from the estate, which was not legally part of the rural community. The parish comprised only 570 acres in 1869, the manor 2620 acres. It was not until 1928 that the manor district was combined with the municipality. Illmersdorf also remained in the Cottbus district during the district reforms of 1950 and 1952 in the former GDR . On January 1, 1958 Illmersdorf was incorporated into Casel and was then part of Casel. After the fall of the Wall, offices were formed in Brandenburg in 1992, which took over the administrative business of the mostly very small communities. Casel with its district Illmersdorf merged with seven other communities and the city of Drebkau to form the Drebkau (Niederlausitz) office . On December 31, 2001 the communities Casel, Domsdorf, Greifenhain, Jehserig, Laubst, Leuthen, Schorbus, Siewisch and the city of Drebkau merged to form the new city of Drebkau, the Drebkau (Niederlausitz) office was dissolved. Since then Casel has been part of the city of Drebkau, Illmersdorf a part of the municipality of Casel, without its own local authority.

Church affiliation

The place was parish in 1818 and until after 1930 after Greifenhain. The church was privately owned by the landowners.

Village church Illmersdorf near Drebkau, south side
Fire station opposite the church

Monuments and sights

The list of monuments of the state of Brandenburg for the district of Spree-Neisse (as of December 31, 2015) lists only one monument for Illmersdorf:

  • Nr.09125063: Village church with crypt and mummies , in Illmersdorfer Dorfstrasse. The massive, partly plastered half-timbered building was built in 1742.

supporting documents

literature

  • Friedrich Wilhelm August Bratring : Statistical-topographical description of the entire Mark Brandenburg. Third and last volume: Containing the Neumark Brandenburg. VIII, 390 pp., Maurer, Berlin 1809 Online at Google Books (in the following abbreviated Bratring, Neumark Brandenburg, with corresponding page number).
  • Carl von Eickstedt: Contributions to a newer land book of the Brandenburg brands: prelates, knights, cities, fiefdoms, or Roßdienst and fiefdom. 590 p., Creutz, Magdeburg 1840 (hereinafter abbreviated to Eickstedt, Landbuch with corresponding page number)
  • Christian Carl Gulde: Historical-geographical-state table (sic!) Description of the Cottbus rule. Lausitzisches Magazin or collection of various treatises and news, 20 (3): 33–36, (4): 49–52, 69–71, 99–102, 133–137, Görlitz 1787 (hereinafter abbreviated as Gulde, description of the rule Cottbus with corresponding page number)
  • Götz Freiherr von Houwald : The Niederlausitz manors and their owners. Volume VII Kottbus District. 278 p., Neustadt an der Aisch 2001, Verlag Degener & Co. ISBN 3-7686-4206-2 (p. 124–127)
  • Rudolf Lehmann : Sources for the history of Niederlausitz I. part. 290 p., Böhlau Verlag, Cologne, Vienna 1972 (p. 240)
  • Rudolf Lehmann: Historical local lexicon for Niederlausitz. Volume 2 The districts of Cottbus, Spremberg, Guben and Sorau. Hessisches Landesamt für Geschichtliche Landeskunde, Marburg, 1979 ISBN 3-921254-96-5 (hereinafter abbreviated Lehmann, Historisches Ortslexikon Niederlausitz, 2 with corresponding page number)

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Ernst Eichler |: The place names of Niederlausitz. 189 p., VEB Domowina-Verlag , Bautzen, 1975, p. 58.
  2. ↑ a b Eickstedt, Landbuch, p. 49 Online at Google Books
  3. ↑ a b Lehmann, Historisches Ortslexikon, Niederlausitz, 2, pp. 45/6.
  4. ^ Eickstedt, Landbuch, p. 98 Online at Google Books
  5. ↑ Eickstedt, Landbuch, p. 283 Online at Google Books
  6. ↑ Gerhard Krüger: The manors in the Cottbus lordship and their owners. 39 p., Verein für Heimatkunde, Cottbus 1939 (= Familienkundliche Hefte der Niederlausitz, Vol.9) (p.18).
  7. ↑ a b c Eduard von Hagen: History of the Neumärkische Dragoon Regiment No. 3 with many art supplements and two plans. XIV, 581 S., Berlin, Mittler, 1885 Online at www.archive.org (S. 410, 419)
  8. ↑ Official Gazette of the Government of Potsdam and the City of Berlin, first extra sheet for part 14 of the Official Gazette of April 3, 1835 online at Google Books (p. 180)
  9. ↑ a b Berghaus, Landbuch, Vol. 3, p. 594/95 Online at Google Books .
  10. ↑ a b c Topographical-statistical overview of the government district of Frankfurt ad O. 270 p., Frankfurt a. O., Gustav Harnecker's Buchhandlung, 1844 Online at Google Books (p. 41)
  11. ^ Karl Friedrich Rauer: Hand register of the manors represented in all circles of the Prussian state on district and state parliaments. 455 S., Rauer, Berlin, 1857, p. 123.
  12. ↑ a b Topographical-statistical manual of the government district of Frankfurt a. O. Frankfurt a. O. Verlag von Gustav Harnecker u. Co., 1867 Online at Google Books (p. 43)
  13. ↑ Kurt J. Ball-Kaduri: Jewish life then and now: the Calauer Judenhaus - Erlebtes Israel. 128 p., Munich, NER-Tamid-Verl., 1961
  14. ^ Elisabeth Kraus: The Mosse family: German-Jewish bourgeoisie in the 19th and 20th centuries. 793 pp., Munich, 1999 (at the same time University of Munich, habilitation thesis, 1997/98) ISBN 3-406-44694-9
  15. ↑ Karin Kaudelka-Hanisch: Prussian commercial councils in the province of Westphalia and in the administrative district of Düsseldorf (1810-1918). 364 p., Society for Westphalian Economic History eV, Dortmund, 1993 ISBN 3-925227-33-4
  16. ^ Paul Ellerholz, H. Lodemann, H. von Wedell: General address book of the manor and estate owners in the German Empire. I. Kingdom of Prussia. I. Delivery to the province of Brandenburg. Nicolaische Verlags-Buchhandlung R. Stricker, Berlin 1879, PDF , pp. 36–37.
  17. ^ Paul Ellerholz: Handbook of real estate in the German Empire. 1. The Kingdom of Prussia. 1. Delivery to the province of Brandenburg. 2nd improved edition, 340 p., Berlin, Nicolaische Verlagsbuchhandlung, 1885 (p. 24/25)
  18. ^ Erich Seyfert: Goods address book for the province of Brandenburg. 2nd completely revised and greatly increased edition, I-XLV (1-45) + 433 p., Reichenbach'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Leipzig 1914 (p. 234/35)
  19. ↑ a b Gulde, Description of the Lordship of Cottbus, p. 35 Online at Google Books
  20. ↑ Contribution to the statistics of the State Office for Data Processing and Statistics. Historical community directory of the State of Brandenburg 1875 to 2005 19.13 District Spree-Neisse PDF
  21. ↑ Topographical overview of the appellate court department Frankfurt a / O: Compiled by Güthlein. Gustav Harnecker & Co., Frankfurt a / O. 1856, online at Google Books (p. 5)
  22. ^ Bratring, Neumark Brandenburg, p. 348.
  23. ↑ a b Topographical-statistical overview of the government district of Frankfurth ad O. 388 S., Berlin, G. Hayn 1820.
  24. ^ Wilhelm Heinrich Riehl, J. Scheu: Berlin and the Mark Brandenburg with the Markgrafthum Nieder-Lausitz in their history and in their present existence. J. Scheu, Berlin 1861, online at Google Books (p. 618).
  25. ^ Official Journal of the Government of Frankfurt ad Oder, Extraordinary Supplement to Official Gazette No. 29, of July 22, 1874, p. 2 Online at Google Books
  26. ↑ List of monuments of the state of Brandenburg. Spree-Neisse district. Status: December 31, 2018 PDF

Web links

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