Drezdenko
| Drezdenko | |||
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| Basic data | |||
| State : | Poland | ||
| Voivodeship : | Lebus | ||
| Powiat : | Strzelecko-Drezdenecki | ||
| Gmina : | Drezdenko | ||
| Area : | 10.74 km² | ||
| Geographic location : | 52 ° 50 ′ N , 15 ° 50 ′ E | ||
| Residents : | 10,122 (June 30, 2019) | ||
| Postal code : | 66-530 | ||
| Telephone code : | (+48) 95 | ||
| License plate : | FSD | ||
| Economy and Transport | |||
| Street : |
Ext. 158 : Gorzów Wielkopolski –Drezdenko ext. 160 : Suchań –Miedzichowo ext. 164 : Podlesiec – Drezdenko ext. 174 : Drezdenko- Krzyż Wielkopolski - Czarnków ext. 181 : Drezdenko– Drawsko - Czarnków |
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| Rail route : | Station Nowe Drezdenko : PKP -line 203 Kostrzyn nad Odra-Tczew | ||
| Next international airport : | Poses | ||
Drezdenko ( German Driesen ) is a town in the powiat Strzelecko-Drezdenecki of the Lubusz Voivodeship in Poland . It is the seat of the town-and-country municipality of the same name with 17,166 inhabitants (as of June 30, 2019).
Geographical location
Drezdenko is located in Neumark on a wedge between the Alte and the Faulen Netze . The next larger town is Gorzów Wielkopolski (Landsberg an der Warthe) , 55 kilometers to the west. Drezdenko is not on any trunk road, but on the Kostrzyn – Piła railway line . In the north, the Kroner Lake District begins with the Drawińskie National Park.
history
Before the year 1000, the place appears under the name Osna , which means 'spruce forest'. The first mention of Driesen comes from the year 1233. At that time, the network formed the border between the Duchy of Pomerania and the Duchy of Poland . The Polish fortification of Drzen on an island in the broken network became a bone of contention between the two duchies. In view of the many arms and ditches of the nets, there was disagreement about where exactly the border runs to the mouth of the river in the Warta near Zantoch . Therefore the ski jump there was fought over. In 1251 Duke Barnim I of Pomerania conquered Drzen, but could not hold the castle for long.
Through the marriage of Margrave Konrad I with Konstancja of Poland († 1281), Drzen and Zantoch came to Brandenburg as a marriage property in 1260. When the Poles destroyed Friedeberg in 1273 , they recaptured Drzen. Under Margrave Otto IV , the Brandenburgers took the castle again in 1296 and held it until 1309; when Wladyslaw I. occupied it, Drzen remained with Poland until 1315. Margrave Woldemar took it again and awarded it in 1317 to the knights Heinrich and Burkhard von der Osten . In this context, the city of Driesen is also mentioned for the first time. In 1347 Driesen was exempted from the water tariff levied near Zantoch. In 1366, the von der Osten Driesen and Zantoch let the Polish King Casimir the Great as a fief. After his death in 1372 they again recognized the Brandenburg fiefdom.
In 1402, as part of Neumark, Driesen became the property of the Teutonic Knights , who sold the area back to the Elector of Brandenburg in 1455. Because of its location on the river, the city of Driesen was not walled, but had three city gates - the German, Polish and the Holmtor. At the end of the 16th century, the city became the seat of an electoral office comprising nine villages, to which it was not part of as an immediate city. In 1603, Elector Joachim Friedrich had the old castle (Schlossberg, north of the city) on the Gruse (east of the city) replaced by a five- bastion fortress by the Dutch fortress builder Nicolas de Kamp . In the course of the colonization of the Netze and Dragebruch, a glassworks and in 1604 a salt works were built. The elector also ordered mining attempts , which were discontinued after a short time because they were unsuccessful.
During the Thirty Years' War the strategically important fortress was occupied by the imperial army and taken by the Swedes in 1639, who burned the city down. In 1649 the Swedes withdrew from Driesen again. In 1662 a city fire destroyed the entire city. In the Seven Years' War the Russians besieged the fortress in 1758 and held it after the capture until 1762. Since the fortress construction had not met its requirements during the war, Frederick II had the destroyed structure razed in 1765.
During this time, under the direction of Franz Balthasar Schönberg von Brenkenhoff , a large-scale colonization of the broken network took place. The riverbed of the Neue Netze was built below the city . In 1763, also under Brenkenhoff, the construction of the "Neustadt" between the city and the fortress began. In 1767 the synagogue was built . A little later the suburb in front of the Polish gate followed . Colonies were established both in the area of the electoral office and the city treasury . In 1811 the official property was sold. Driesen has belonged to the Friedeberg Nm district since 1816 . on.
In 1898 the Catholic Church was consecrated.
A massive Protestant church was built between 1900 and 1902, while its predecessor buildings were half-timbered buildings , although the church was also destroyed in the fire of 1662. The building from 1664 had to be demolished and replaced in 1752 due to the risk of collapse. The design prepared by architects and Prussian building officials Karl Wilde and Max Spitta was carried out by the responsible district building inspector, Building Councilor Hohenberg, and his colleague, Government Builder Zillmer. The foundation stone was laid on April 3, 1900 . The consecration of the church took place on June 1, 1902. The new organ with 30 voices and eleven subsidiary registers was created by master organ builder Wilhelm Sauer in Frankfurt (Oder) . The organ case presented the company Gustav Kuntzsch , Institute for Sacred Art in Wernigerode after the Prussian Ministry of Public Works designed sketch ago. After the Second World War , the church was consecrated to a Catholic church on August 5, 1945; it is now called the Church of the Transfiguration .
The main branches of business in Driesen used to be cloth-making and the timber trade. The location of the city on the route of the section of the Prussian Eastern Railway, inaugurated in 1857, between Küstrin , Landsberg and the Kreuz junction over the Vordamm train station 1.5 kilometers to the north led to the settlement of industrial companies. An iron foundry, an earthenware and a match factory were built. On the other hand, the cloth-making trade declined, as sales, which were oriented towards the East, fell rapidly due to the Russian import duties. In 1894, the village of Kietz, located on the Netze near the old castle, was incorporated into the municipality.
The demarcation of the borders by the Versailles Treaty along the networks after the First World War led most of the city's companies to the loss of their markets, which were located in Poland from 1920 onwards. The city's development stagnated and the population fell. In 1936 the Grenzlandbahn , a branch line to Schwerin , started operations. In 1938, when the Grenzmark Province of Posen-West Prussia was dissolved, Driesen was transferred from the Brandenburg Province together with the Friedeberg district to the Pomeranian Province .
Towards the end of the Second World War , the old town of Driesen was barely destroyed in January 1945 before the entire region was occupied by the Red Army . After the war ended, the city was placed under Polish administration. Driesen now received the Polish name Drezdenko . The city's population was subsequently expelled and replaced by Poles.
Drezdenko belonged to the Poznan Voivodeship from 1946 to 1950, then to the Zielona Góra Voivodeship until 1975 and to the Gorzów Voivodeship until 1999 .
Population numbers
- 1750: 785
- 1772: 2029
- 1840: 3643
- 1850: 3908, including 96 Jews
- 1860: 4039, including 92 Catholics and 129 Jews
- 1875: 4255
- 1880: 4821
- 1905: 6359
- 1925: 5837, including 450 Catholics and 99 Jews
- 1933: 5886
- 1939: 5675
local community
The town itself and 27 villages with school administration offices belong to the town-and-country community (gmina miejsko-wiejska) Drezdenko with an area of 400 km².
Partnerships
- Winsen (Luhe) , Germany
- Worth am Rhein , Germany
traffic
The Nowe Drezdenko train station and long-distance traffic stop is located on the Tczew – Küstrin-Kietz border , to the east of it is the stop, formerly the Stare Bielice station, where the Stare Bielice – Skwierzyna railway branched off earlier and where the Drezdenko station was also located.
Personalities
sons and daughters of the town
- Adam Krieger (1634–1666), composer and church musician
- Karl Ludwig Hencke (1793–1866), amateur astronomer, discoverer of the asteroids Asträa and Hebe
- Theodor Schönemann (1812–1868), mathematician and high school professor in Brandenburg an der Havel
- Albert von Zimmermann (1813–1887), Prussian major general, commandant of the Saarlouis fortress
- Karl Ludwig Kahlbaum (1828–1899), psychiatrist, clinic director in Görlitz
- Gustav Polensky (1846–1908), building contractor, founder of Polensky & Zöllner
- Carl Spude (1852–1914), District Administrator of the Bochum district
- Fritz Polensky (1876–1959), building contractor and co-owner of Polensky & Zöllner
- Paul Volkmann (1914–1963), journalist and author of books for young people
Connected to the city
- Joachim von der Marwitz (1603–1662), Brandenburg fortress commander in Driesen from 1648.
literature
- W. Riehl, J. Scheu (Hrsg.): Berlin and the Mark Brandenburg with the Margraviate Nieder-Lausitz in their history and in their present existence . Berlin 1861, pp. 453-455. ( limited preview of Google Books )
- Heinrich Berghaus : Land book of the Mark Brandenburg and the Markgrafthum Nieder-Lausitz, Volume 3. Brandenburg 1856, pp. 465–472. ( limited preview of Google Books )
- Lucas David : Prussian Chronicle. Volume 8, Königsberg 1817, pp. 127-139. ( limited preview of Google Books )
Web links
- Website of the municipality (Polish)
- Detailed descriptions of the city's history
- Gunthard Stübs and Pomeranian Research Association: The town of Driesen in the former Friedeberg district in Pomerania (2011).
- Collection of old postcards and newer photos
Individual evidence
- ^ A b Carl Wilhelm von Lancizolle : History of the formation of the Prussian state. First part. First (and second) division . Nicolaische Buchhandlung, Berlin / Stettin 1828, p. 288 ff. ( Limited preview of Google books )
- ↑ a b c d Riehl and Scheu (1861), pp. 453–455.
- ↑ Berghaus (1856), p. 414.
- ↑ Berghaus (1856), pp. 460–461.
- ↑ The new evangelical church in Driesen. In: Centralblatt der Bauverwaltung , 22nd year 1902, No. 103, p. 637 ff. (Especially p. 639)
- ↑ Berghaus (1856), p. 466. ( limited preview of Google books )
- ↑ a b c d Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. friedeberg.html # ew39edriesen. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
- ↑ http://stadt.driesen.kreis-friedeberg.de/