Pass Thurn

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Pass Thurn
Pass Thurn, summit, view to the south

Pass Thurn, summit, view to the south

Compass direction North south
Pass height 1273  m above sea level A.
state Salzburg
Valley locations Kitzbühel Mittersill
expansion Pass Thurn Strasse (B161)
Mountains Kitzbühel Alps
profile
Ø pitch 2.6% (513 m / 19.5 km) 4.6% (486 m / 10.5 km)
map
Pass Thurn (Austria)
Pass Thurn
Coordinates 47 ° 18 '42 "  N , 12 ° 24' 22"  E Coordinates: 47 ° 18 '42 "  N , 12 ° 24' 22"  E
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The Thurn Pass is a 1274  m above sea level. A. high alpine pass in the Kitzbühel Alps , which connects the Pinzgau (upper Salzachtal ) with Tyrol ( Leukental ).

The closest town on the Tyrolean side is Kitzbühel , in the south on the Salzburg side it is Mittersill .

Location and landscape

The pass lies on the main ridge of the Kitzbühel Alps, which, also called grass mountains , have a gentle profile and open up a wide pass landscape. To the west of the pass is the Resterhöhe  ( 1894  m above sea level ), to the east the Schellenberg  ( 2048  m above sea level ).

The Jochberger Ache , flowing north through the Leukental, rises near the pass , and the sources of the Saalach are a little to the east . Jochbergbach , Einödenbach and - from the Wasenmoos east of the pass summit - the Engbach drain to the Salzach .

From Mittersill, the road initially climbs in two serpentines to a spur, 140 m above the city. The former castle at this point, today's Mittersill Castle , secured the pass road from around the 11th century. Afterwards, the relatively gently rising road offers kilometers of panoramic views over the Pinzgau and the rock and ice peaks of the Hohe Tauern . Steep below and south of the top of the pass lies the scattered settlement Paßthurn belonging to Mittersill , below it is also called Jochberg on the Salzburg side and Jochberthurn .
On the north side, the road descends quickly into the Leukental and in two more serpentines to Jochbergwald , and then follows the Jochberger Ache northwards to the Tyrolean Jochberg .

The sign at the top of the pass states the height one meter too low with "1273 m above sea level".

history

The Thurn Pass has been an important pass since ancient times.

The transition is a product of Ice Age glaciers. During the Ice Ages, the Großvenediger glacier repeatedly reached north over the Pinzgau and, on its retreat, left a gentle hollow that is covered with rubble from the glacier. It was crossed by Stone Age people shortly after the glaciers had retreated from the top of the pass.

Later in the Bronze Age , the copper necessary for bronze production was mined and processed here. Copper slag and tools were found at several sites. In the Iron Age , Celts probably built the old nature trails into a first mule track. This served the salt trade up to modern times .

Originally called the whole area in and around the present-day Pass Thurn, especially the north, yoke mountain (hence the local documents called on both sides to this day as well). In the founding document of the Chiemsee diocese , the pass was designated in 1216 as the southern end of the Leukental with montis jochperch . It was later known as Thurn Tauern , and more recently as Pass Thurn . The name Turentauern appears in a document from 1292 and is so common until the 19th century: The Tauern passes of the Salzburg archbishops had a special infrastructure with the Tauern houses , and here, too, there is a hospital (one responsible for looking after those passing through Bauerngut), on today's Tyrolean side, which was connected (affiliated) with the hospital on the Weitau near St. Johann. In 1643 a wooden guard house was built for the soldiers and their families. At that time, the street could be closed with palisades and a gate system, which was reinforced with a high wall around 1700. Until 1803 both sides of the pass belonged to the Prince Archbishopric of Salzburg, and until 1810 to the Duchy of Salzburg , and the Thurn Pass was an internal mountain crossing.

Even today, the Thurn Pass, which has meanwhile been expanded in a modern way, is extremely important for trade and traffic between Tyrol and south-east Austria. In addition, the Felbertauern tunnel from Mittersill is the only inner-Austrian connection between North Tyrol and its exclave East Tyrol - but this aspect has largely lost its importance since the Schengen Agreement .

  • South ramp, view of the Salzach valley

  • Pass summit, view to the north

  • Turn on the north ramp

Tourism and sightseeing

Resterhöhe / Jochberg ski area

There are several chairlifts and ski lifts on the pass. These belong directly to the Kitzbühel ski paradise (Kitzbühel – Kirchberg ski area, Kitzbühel cable car). A gondola lift, the Panoramabahn Kitzbüheler Alpen , which connects Hollersbach with the ski area at Pass Thurn, was opened in December 2005.

nature

The Wasenmoos and some other high moors are located near the pass . They were exploited for digging peat between 1700 and 1960 and are now - in parts - strictly protected as a natural monument ( NDM 152 ).

Web links

Commons : Pass Thurn  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

literature

proof

  • Steffan Bruns: Alpine passes - from the mule track to the base tunnel , Vol. 4, L. Staackmann Verlag, Munich 2011, ISBN 978-3-88675-274-4 ( Weblink , steffanbruns.de)
  1. ↑ August Prinzinger: The Tauern. In: Mitteilungen der Gesellschaft für Salzburger Landeskunde (MGSLK) 7, 1867, Der Thurntauern , p. 57 (article p. 46–78, Google eBook, full view ).
  2. ^ Friederike Zaisberger & Walter Schlegel, 1978, p. 110.
  3. ↑ the route over the Gerlos pass through the Zillertal does not play a role in long-distance traffic
  4. ↑ Ski paradise Kitzbühel , bergbahn-kitzbuehel.at;
    Kitzbühel-Kirchberg 800 - 2,000m , bergfex.at
  5. ↑ panoramabahn.at
  6. ^ Wasenmoos am Pass Thurn in the nature conservation book of the State of Salzburg