Weinebene

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Weinebene
The top of the pass in April

The top of the pass in April

Compass direction west east
Pass height 1668  m above sea level A.
state Carinthia Styria
Valley locations Wolfsberg Deutschlandsberg
expansion Pass road
Mountains Koralpe
profile
Mountain scoring HC
Ø pitch    % (? m / 23 km)
Max. Incline 16%
Map (Carinthia)
Weinebene (Carinthia)
Weinebene
Coordinates 46 ° 50 '24 "  N , 15 ° 0' 59"  E Coordinates: 46 ° 50 '24 "  N , 15 ° 0' 59"  E
x

The Weinebene is an alpine pass and a holiday area in the Koralpe . The up to a height of 1668  m above sea level. A. running pass road connects Wolfsberg in Carinthia with Deutschlandsberg in Styria .

Tourism on the Weinebene is two-season: for winter sports enthusiasts, several slopes are prepared at an altitude between 1580 and 1886 meters, and for summer vacationers the area offers an alpine hut village as a starting point for mountain hikes in the Koralpe. The north-south long-distance hiking trail leads from the Hebalpe over the Weinebene to the Großer Speikkogel .

The Weinebene is the place after which the mineral Weinebeneit is named and from the site of which it was first described at the fire ridge south of the Weinebene ( type locality ).

The Weinebene lies in a planned priority zone for the use of wind energy. A wind farm has already been set up on the Handalm to the north of it .

Surname

The mountain crossing forms a saddle between Handalm and Brandhöhe, not a plain. Its name comes from the reloading (lifting) of freight (wagon or pack animal loads) at a border and is not an indication of viticulture, which is not possible at this height. Until about 1930 the area was shown on maps as "Weineben" (not "-level") (see map), the name is still pronounced in everyday language.

Looking east to West Styria
The Weinebene in winter
Former lifting sites on the border between Styria and Carinthia around 1930: The Weineben (lower edge of the map, middle left), to the north of them See Eben and Heb-Alm
View of the Styrian side of the pass road

Until the middle of the 17th century, the paths over the Koralmzug from Styria to Carinthia were part of a "network of wine routes" and important trade routes, e.g. B. for salt or products made of iron. Farmers and other subjects who had to carry out transports up to the 19th century (e.g. as robot services for their own manor ) could not or were not always allowed to drive over the manorial or state border with these transports because they were for leaving the area of ​​their manorial rule would have had to pay taxes and securities or this was prohibited at all. For this reason, at the highest points of the traffic routes not far from the "Landesconfinen" (state borders), "... separate lifting and laying facilities were built, until then the" Steyer "carters, but from there the Carinthians provided the trucks." (Rectification version of the Schwanberg rulership , around 1750.) In some cases, amounts of money ( customs , tolls ) could also have to be paid, unless these were already collected at the foot of the pass road. Place names at the height of the Koralmzug, which read on "-eben (e)" or contain the name part "Heb-", are derived from these earlier transfer stations.

On the wine level there was one of these transfer stations, the "Wein-lift". The area used to be called "Weinhöb" (or "Weinheb" - dialect does not clearly distinguish between ö and e.)

The original meaning of the name part for the transport station was forgotten and was replaced by the currently more understandable paronym for a terrain form.

Other places besides the lake Eben north of the Weinebene and the Hebalm , which also got their name from lifting loads, are on the Gleinalm. and on the Stubalm In the Middle Ages, “heber” was a profession that dealt with the unloading and loading of goods.

Lithium deposits on the back of the fire

On the ridge of the fire , about two kilometers southwest of the Weinebene, is one of the largest lithium deposits in Europe (as spodumene ).

The occurrence is scientifically documented. It was published by Peter Beck-Mannagetta in 1951 (at that time still as Diopside - Aplit ) , a study by Heinz Meixner proved the occurrence of spodumene.

Trial mining took place there in the mid-1980s, followed by a tunnel construction in September 1985. 64 core holes with a total length of 16 km were carried out, 35 trenches were built and tunnels with a length of 1.4 km were dug. In 1988 the work was stopped. Because of the high processing costs , mining the deposit, which would have to take place underground , was not economically feasible until the beginning of the 21st century. The extraction of lithium from other deposits, especially in northern Chile on the Salar de Atacama , was cheaper in surface mining. Mining was shut down after exploration , but maintained and viewed as a reserve in the event of rising prices. In 1991 the deposit was sold by the state-owned company Minerex to the private Carinthian coal and steel industry (KMI) for one shilling (today: 0.07 euros) .

The mine was resold in 2011 for EUR 10.25 million to East Coast Minerals ECM , an Australian company and a partner from Dubai , which signed the contract on May 31, 2011. The mining permits required for dismantling were granted in March 2011. The company later withdrew from the Australian stock exchange, changed its name to Global Strategic Metals NL (NL stands for: no liability), its shares were listed in London, and the shares in Europe were spun off.

The area is believed to contain up to 30 million tons of lithium-containing rock. At the end of May 2011 it was published about a dismantling that a feasibility study had been commissioned and that funding would start within 18 to 24 months, i.e. around 2013. Skeptical opinions about the possible success of mining have also been published, which point to the altitude, the quality of the raw material and the more cost-effective extraction options in other countries.

In January 2012 it was reported that after an investigation it was uncertain whether a subsidy would be profitable. For the construction of the mine and the further processing of the ores 55 million euros were estimated, for the further processing into lithium carbonate a further 60 million euros. A trial mining of 1000 tons of lithium ore was announced for November 2013 in order to obtain more detailed information on the processing of the ores. In 2014 it was published that the dismantling would be delayed until 2018. In 2015, it was estimated that it would cost 170 million euros to bring the mine into operation. In 2016 it was reported that “reduction could possibly start in 2019”; It is still to be found out which technology would be more suitable for mining and where a factory for converting lithium carbonate could be set up, although this does not have to be in the Lavant valley. The "European Lithium Limited" from Great Britain was named as the new owner of the deposit. The mining authorities extended the exploration licenses to the end of 2019. The owner stated that the project consists of “22 original and 32 overlapping exploration licenses and a mining license over 11 mining areas” and that production could start at the end of 2020.

At the beginning of 2017 it was published that the lithium occurrence was higher than previously known and that mining could begin within four years. The investments from the preliminary work to the commercial production were estimated at 200 million euros, with the aim of producing spodumene for the glass ceramic industry from the mineral . The difficulty mentioned was that a lot of water was needed to process the ore, but that there was a shortage of drinking water in the Lavant valley. Another source mentions 18 million tons of high-quality, extremely pure lithium that can be extracted with little effort, which would create around 150 jobs. It had not yet been decided whether the processing plant should be located in Lavanttal (near Frantschach) or in the Deutschlandsberg district. The Deutschlandsberg mayor had already given up on the treatment because of the high water consumption, and there was no concept by the operator either. Skeptical voices from the population are quoted. Likewise, the concern that vibrations after drilling or blasting could spill the drinking water sources for the newly built drinking water pipeline network of the city of Deutschlandsberg, as there was already contamination after a test drilling.

On June 19, 2018, the managing director of European Lithium presented a project to the Carinthian state government that provided for underground mining from 2021. EUR 8-10 million has already been invested in prospecting, and the first approval procedures should begin in July 2018. At the presentation, the company assumed a total deposit of 720,000 tons of lithium-containing rock. 10,000 tons of lithium hydroxide could be obtained from this per year, with the profit per ton being stated at around 12,000 euros. A mining over at least ten years was expected and it was assumed that further lithium deposits would be found on the wine level. The total investment for the mine operation and the lithium hydroxide extraction plant was given as 425 million euros. The creation of 400 direct and ideally more than 1,000 jobs was named as part of the reduction plans.

Web links

Commons : Weineben  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Fritz Pichler: The Styrian Hebalmen . In: Gerhard Pferschy (ed.): Settlement, power and economy. Festschrift Fritz Posch for his 70th birthday. Graz 1981, pp. 165-175. Publications of the Steiermärkisches Landesarchiv, Volume 12. Owner and publisher: Steiermärkisches Landesarchiv Graz, ISSN  0434-3891 , ZDB -ID 561078-3 , p. 168: Weinstraßennetz.
  2. ↑ A version, tax version, tax rectification, etc. was the compilation of the possessions and rights of a manorial lordship, which had to be created in the context of Maria Theresa's tax reforms in the 18th century as the basis for tax collection (Theresian tax rectification): Heinrich Bartsch: The land table in their present Shape. A brief description of the legal provisions concerning the country table with explanatory examples for practice. Konegen publishing house. Vienna 1890. Quoted from the scan by the Max Planck Institute for European Legal History . Introduction p. 1.
  3. ↑ Quoted from: Pichler: Hebalmen . P. 168.
  4. ↑ Werner Tscherne: From Lonsperch to Deutschlandsberg. Verlag der Stadtgemeinde Deutschlandsberg, printing: Simadruck Deutschlandsberg, without ISBN, Deutschlandsberg (without year, but according to the entry by the Austrian National Library :) 1990, p. 97.
  5. ↑ Franz Pichler: Hebalmen . P. 171.
  6. ^ Werner Tscherne: Commerce, trade and industry. In: Helmut-Theobald Müller (ed.), Gernot Peter Obersteiner (overall scientific management): History and topography of the Deutschlandsberg district. (District topography ) Styrian State Archives and District Authority Deutschlandsberg, Graz 2005. ISBN 3-901938-15-X , ZDB -ID 568794-9 . (Great historical regional studies of Styria, volume 3, first part, general part) p. 382.
  7. ^ Gerhard Fischer: peasantry, agriculture and forestry. In: District topography. First volume, general part. Pp. 357-358.
  8. ^ Wilhelm Brandenstein: The place names of the Rauriser valley. In: The nature lover. Issue 3/4, 1932, p. 67. Quoted from: Fritz Freiherr Lochner von Hüttenbach: Wilhelm Brandenstein. Small name-based work. Akademische Druck- und Verlagsanstalt, Graz 1978, ISBN 3-201-01038-3 , S, 87 using the example of Wörth-Wert, in which a spelling with ö is traced back to an attempt to write the name in High German.
  9. ↑ South of the Gleinalmsattels between Rothmair Alm and Terenbach Alpe, where the paths from Übelbach and the valley of the Kainach meet. Pichler: Hebalmen . Pp. 166-167.
  10. ↑ Hebstatt an der Piberalm (old Stubalmweg, south of Gaberl ). Franz Pichler: Hebalmen . P. 166.
  11. ↑ Franz Pichler: Hebalmen , mentions on p. 170 the Judenburger Heberordnung of May 24, 1449.
  12. ↑ Gerhard Niedermayer, Richard Göd: The spodumene occurrence on the wine level and its minerals. In: Carinthia II. 182./102. Volume, Klagenfurt 1992, ISSN  0374-6771 , pp. 21-35 ( PDF (2.9 MB) on ZOBODAT ).
  13. ↑ Peter Beck-Mannagetta : The resolution of the mechanics of the Wolfsberger series, Koralpe, Carinthia. In: Yearbook of the Federal Geological Institute. Volume 94, years 1949/51, ISSN  0016-7800 , ISSN  0378-0864 , pp. 127–159 (two maps after p. 157; the diopside aplit is marked as “Ad” on panel XVII on the far right).
  14. ↑ Heinz Meixner : New mineral finds in the Austrian Eastern Alps. XXI. (Investigation of deposits by the Austrian Alpine Mining Society) . In: Carinthia II. 156./76. Year, Klagenfurt 1966, ISSN  0374-6771 , p. 98 ( PDF (1.1 MB) on ZOBODAT ).
  15. ↑ a b c Cursed Lithium . In: Die Zeit , May 26, 2011, no.22. Two-part article, part 2 .
  16. ^ Austroplan: assessment of the Koralpe lithium project (rough estimate). I - economic part, II - technical part. Deposit archive of the Federal Geological Institute Vienna, Vienna 1987.
  17. ↑ a b Christine Rainer: "Lithium rush" on the wine level. ( Memento from March 16, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Kleine Zeitung , May 27, 2011.
  18. ↑ Der Standard , February 10, 2011, p. 18.
  19. ↑ Der Standard , May 30, 2011, p. 10.
  20. ↑ a b Koralpe: Rights for lithium mining sold ( Memento from March 16, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Kleine Zeitung , May 31, 2011.
  21. ↑ Parliamentary answer of April 28, 2011, No. 7731 / AB (PDF; 42 kB) (to the question “Sale of the Koralpe lithium mine” No. 7841 / J (PDF; 33 kB) of March 3, 2011).
  22. ↑ a b Lavanttal: Continue to wait for lithium. Light metal mining in Lavanttal is delayed until 2018. Operator wants to raise money on the London stock exchange. Kleine Zeitung, October 15, 2014; accessed on August 29, 2016.
  23. ↑ Lithium mining is expensive . Der Standard, citing a study by Performaxx (PDF; 257 kB), January 13, 2012, p. 19.
  24. ↑ Weststeirische Rundschau, No. 43 (October 25, 2013), year 2013, 86th year, ZDB -ID 2303595-X , Simadruck Aigner u. Weisi, Deutschlandsberg 2013, p. 1.
  25. ↑ VLW tour / visit of the lithium mine on the Weinebene, report by the Lavanttaler Wirtschaft association of October 1, 2015.
  26. ↑ Weststeirische Rundschau, Volume 89, No. 39, September 30, 2016, p. 5.
  27. ^ European Lithium Ltd website , accessed October 2, 2016.
  28. ↑ Johanna Ruzicka: Carinthian lithium deposits higher than expected. Der Standard , January 23, 2017, p. 11.
  29. ↑ Thomas Martinz: The citizens don't give a damn about the lithium treasure. Kurier , July 2, 2017, Chronicle , p. 16.
  30. ↑ Weststeirische Rundschau, No. 48, November 30, 2018, year 2018, 91st year, ZDB -ID 2303595-X , Simadruck Aigner u. Weisi, Deutschlandsberg 2018, p. 3.
  31. ↑ Plans for lithium mining are more specific orf.at, June 18, 2018, accessed on June 18, 2018.
  32. ↑ Government meeting 4 - Possible lithium mining as a great opportunity for Carinthia , accessed on November 4, 2018.