Paronym
As paronyms is confusingly similar words referred within a language. Going back to a suggestion by Jean Bertrand, a paronym in analogy to the false friend who refers to foreign languages is also called a false brother . Paronyms unfold their effect in frequent or common misunderstandings that recur regularly, often persist for a long time and can also occur occasionally, or make learning the respective language difficult.
Which individual words are perceived as paronymous to one another depends on the level of training and on the social , regional and linguistic environment of the speakers involved. Linguistics also knows several definitions and approaches to the phenomenon of the paronym; Paronymy as such has not yet been adequately researched. Paronyms are suitable for jokes and language games because their meaning is easily subordinated to a context from which it is then surprisingly taken out again.
A subclass of paronyms are the homophones , which are also called tea kettles based on a guessing game .
Examples
German
- adopt - adapt
- Deprivation - Depravation
- Review - recession
- Reverence - reference
- Intension - intention
- Slip of the tongue - promise
- dedicated - dedicated
- Arrangement - commitment
- Catheter - Catheter
- Hypo - Hyper (prefixes)
- Bit - byte
- Aarau - Aargau
- Consumerism - Communism
- Emigrant - immigrant
- statute - station
- Absorption - adsorption
- Metrology - Meteorology
- Aerometer - hydrometers
- Internet - intranet
- integrate - intrigue
English
- Australia - Austria
- conjuncture - conjecture
- night - knight
- precedent - president
- quarrel - quarry
- worse - worth
- marshall - martial
French
- antiseptique - aseptique
- amoral - immoral
- je veux - cheveux
- t'as - ta
- (ça) soit - soit (l'un soit l'autre)
- j'irai - j'irais
- c'est - (il) s'est
Lithuanian
- Farmacija - formacija
- Kompanija - kampanija
Polish
- adaptować - adoptować
Bulgarian
- Австралия - Австрия
- боксувам - буксувам
- указвам - оказвам
Russian
- Австралия - Австрия
- указывать - оказывать
Hungarian
- ateista - autista
- adaptál - adoptál
- allegória - filagória
See also
literature
- Harald Kipp: Non-Verwexlexikon: English vocabulary that is most often confused. 3rd, strong adult New edition, Lübbe, Bergisch Gladbach 1991, ISBN 3-404-66208-3
- Ioan Lăzărescu: Paronymy as a lexical phenomenon and Paronomasie as a stylistic figure in German. Editura Anima, Bucharest 1999, ISBN 973-9053-42-4
- Wolfgang Mentrup: grinding or painting? Words that sound the same but are spelled differently. Bibliographisches Institut, Mannheim (among others) 1971 (= Duden-Taschenbücher, 13), ISBN 3-411-01143-2
- Wolfgang Müller: Easily confused words . Duden-Verlag, Mannheim (among others) 1973 (= Duden-Taschenbücher, 17), ISBN 3-411-01147-5
- Anna Pavlova: Paronym Dictionary. Russian and German. SAXA Verlag, Berlin 2011, ISBN 978-3-939060-31-4
- Petra Storjohann: The future project “elexiko: Paronym dictionary”. In: Sprachreport , Volume 30, Issue 1, 2014, pp. 22–29.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Jean Bertrand: Dictionnaire pratique des faux frères - mots a ne pas confondre entre eux. Nathan, Paris 1979.
- ^ Ioan Lăzărescu: German Paronyms. In: Grazer Linguistische Studien 43 (1995), pp. 85–93 ( PDF download ).
- ↑ Adam Gabbatt: 'Unpresidented': Donald Trump invents the Guardian's word of the year . In: The Guardian . December 19, 2016, ISSN 0261-3077 ( theguardian.com [accessed February 18, 2019]).