Sparrows
Sparrows | ||||||||||||
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Spiraea salicifolia , illustration |
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Systematics | ||||||||||||
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Scientific name | ||||||||||||
Spiraea | ||||||||||||
L. |
The Spiraea ( Spiraea ) are a genus in the subfamily spiraeoideae from the family of the rose family (Rosaceae). There are around 80 species. The botanical genus name refers to the often twisted fruits, from Greek speira = wind, twist.
description
Sparaceous shrubs are hardy , deciduous, deciduous shrubs . The alternate leaves are simple and mostly short-stalked. The leaf margins are usually serrated, toothed or lobed, rarely smooth. Stipules are missing.
Many flowers stand together in inflorescences of different construction : either in dense panicles , panicles , grapes or umbels . The radial symmetry , five-fold, small flowers are mostly hermaphroditic, rarely unisexual. There are five sepals . The five petals are mostly white, more rarely also reddish. The petals are usually longer than the sepals. There are many (15 to 60) stamens per flower . Most of the five (rarely three to eight) carpels are free. The follicles contain many tiny seeds.
Occurrence
The home of the species are predominantly in the temperate zone of the northern hemisphere . They also occur at higher altitudes in the subtropics. 70 species occur in China, 47 of them are endemic there .
Systematics
Spiraea is the eponymous and most species-rich genus of the tribe Spiraeeae and subfamily Spiraeoideae within the rose family (Rosaceae). It is a monophyletic genus and includes around 80 species. The traditional subdivision into three sections based on the inflorescence types is not supported by molecular genetic studies.
Plant List distinguishes between the following types and hybrids :
- White sparrow bush ( Spiraea alba Du Roi )
- Spiraea alpina Pall.
- Spiraea anomala Batalin
- Spiraea arcuata Hook.f.
- Bride Spierstrauch ( Spiraea × arguta Zabel )
- Spiraea × assimilis Zabel
- Spiraea baldshuanica B. Fedsch.
- Beautiful Spierstrauch ( Spiraea bella Sims )
- Birch-leaved Spierstrauch ( Spiraea betulifolia Pall. )
- Billards spar bush or piston spar ( Spiraea × billiardii Herincq )
- Spiraea × blanda Zabel
- Spiraea blumei G.Don
- Spiraea × brachybotrys long
- Spiraea × brumalis long
- Spiraea × bumalda Burv.
- Spiraea calcicola W.W.Sm.
- Gray felted sparrow bush ( Spiraea cana Waldst. & Kit. )
- Gray sparrow bush ( Spiraea canescens D.Don )
- Canton Spierstrauch ( Spiraea cantoniensis Lour. )
- Spiraea cavaleriei H.Lev.
- Germander tree ( Spiraea chamaedryfolia L. )
- Spiraea chartacea Nakai
- Ash gray sparrow bush ( Spiraea × cinerea Zabel )
- Spiraea compsophylla Hand .-- Mazz.
- Spiraea × concinna Zabel
- Spiraea × conspicua Zabel ex Dieck
- Curb sparrow bush ( Spiraea crenata L. )
- Spiraea dahurica (Rupr.) Maxim.
- Spiraea daochengensis L.T.Lu
- Spiraea dasyantha Bunge
- Carinthian Spierstrauch ( Spiraea decumbens W.DJKoch )
- Dense-flowered sparrow bush ( Spiraea densiflora Nutt. Ex Rydb. )
- Spiraea × difformis Zabel
- Oregon sparrow ( Spiraea douglasii Hook. )
- Spiraea elegans Pojark.
- Spiraea fastigiata Wall. ex CK cutting.
- Spiraea faurieana C.K. Schneid .
- Spiraea × fontenaysii Lebas
- Spiraea formosana Hayata
- Spiraea × foxii hort. ex Zabel
- Spiraea fritschiana C.K. Schneider
- Spiraea × fulvescens Dippel
- Spiraea × gieseleriana Zabel
- Spiraea gracilis Maxim.
- Spiraea hailarensis Liou
- Spiraea hayatana H.L.Li
- Henry's Spierstrauch ( Spiraea henryi Hemsl. )
- Spiraea hingshanensis T.T.Yu & LTLu
- Spiraea hirsuta (Hemsl.) CKSchneid.
- Hartheu-Spierstrauch ( Spiraea hypericifolia L. )
- Spiraea × inflexa hort. ex K.Koch
- Spiraea × intermedia hort. Lemoine ex Zabel
- Japanese spear bush ( Spiraea japonica Lf )
- Spiraea kwangsiensis T.T.Yu
- Spiraea k Weichowensis T.T.Yu & LTLu
- Spiraea laeta Rehder
- Spiraea lasiocarpa Kar. & Kir.
- Spiraea × lemoinei Zabel
- Spiraea lichiangensis W.W.Sm.
- Spiraea lobulata T.T.Yu & LTLu
- Spiraea longigemmis Maxim.
- Spiraea × macrothyrsa dipple
- Spiraea mairei H.Lev.
- Spiraea × margaritae Zabel
- Spiraea martini H.Lev.
- Spiraea martinii H.Lev.
- Carpathian sparrow bush ( Spiraea media Schmidt )
- Spiraea × micropetala Zabel
- Spiraea × microthyrsa Zabel
- Spiraea miyabei Koidz.
- Spiraea mollifolia Rehder
- Spiraea mongolica Maxim.
- Spiraea morrisonicola Hayata
- Spiraea muliensis T.T.Yu & LTLu
- Spiraea × multiflora Zabel
- Spiraea myrtilloides Rehder
- Spiraea nervosa Franch. & Sav.
- Spiraea ningshiaensis T.T.Yu & LTLu
- Nippon spar bush or Japanese flower spar ( Spiraea nipponica Maxim. )
- Spiraea nishimurae Kitag.
- Spiraea × nivea Zabel
- Spiraea × notha Zabel ex Dieck
- Spiraea × nudiflora Zabel
- Spiraea ovalis Rehder
- Spiraea × oxyodon Zabel
- Spiraea × pachystachys K. Koch
- Spiraea × pallidiflora Zabel
- Spiraea papillosa Rehder
- Spiraea × pikoviensis Better
- Spiraea pilosa Franch.
- Spiraea prostrata Maxim.
- Plum-leaved tree bush ( Spiraea prunifolia Siebold & Zucc. )
- Spiraea × pseudosalicifolia Silverside
- Spiraea pubescens Turcz.
- Spiraea × pulchella Kunze
- Spiraea × pumilionum Zabel
- Spiraea purpurea Hand .-- Mazz.
- Spiraea × pyramidata Greene
- Spiraea × revirescens Zabel
- Spiraea × rosalba Dippel
- Spiraea rosthornii E. Pritz.
- Spiraea × rubra hoard. ex Zabel
- Willow-leaved sparrow ( Spiraea salicifolia L. )
- Spiraea × sanssouciana K. Koch
- Sargent's Spierstrauch ( Spiraea sargentiana Rehder )
- Spiraea × schinabeckii Zabel
- Spiraea schlothgauerae Ignatov & Vorosch.
- Spiraea schneideriana Rehder
- Spiraea schochiana Rehder
- Spiraea × semperflorens hoard. ex Zabel
- Spiraea septentrionalis (Fernald) A.Leve & D.Leve
- Spiraea siccanea (WWSm.) Rehder
- Spiraea splendens Baumann ex K. Koch
- Spiraea stevenii (CKSchneid.) Rydb.
- Spiraea × subcanescens Rydb.
- Spiraea sublobata Hand .-- Mazz.
- Spiraea subvillosa Rydb.
- Spiraea superba (Froebel ex Zabel) Zabel ex Dieck
- Spiraea × syringiflora Lemoine
- Spiraea tarokoensis Hayata
- Spiraea teniana Rehder
- Spiraea teretiuscula C.K. Schneid .
- Thunberg's Spierstrauch ( Spiraea thunbergii Siebold ex Blume )
- Spiraea tianschanica Pojark.
- Spiraea tomentosa L.
- Korean sparrow ( Spiraea trichocarpa Nakai )
- Trilobed sparrow bush ( Spiraea trilobata L. )
- Spiraea × tristis Zabel
- Spiraea uratensis Franch.
- Spiraea vaccinifolia D.Don
- Belgian sparrow ( Spiraea × vanhouttei (Briot) Zabel )
- Veitch's Spierstrauch ( Spiraea veitchii Hemsl. )
- Spiraea velutina Franch.
- Spiraea × watsoniana Zabel
- Wilson's Spierstrauch ( Spiraea wilsonii Duthie ex JHVeitch )
- Spiraea xizangensis L.T.Lu
- Spiraea yunnanensis Franch.
- Spiraea zabeliana C.K. Schneid.
Eponyms
The asteroid (1091) Spiraea , discovered on February 26, 1928, is named after the plant genus.
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Individual evidence
- ^ C. Kalkman: Rosaceae. In: Klaus Kubitzki (Ed.): The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants - Volume VI - Flowering Plants - Dicotyledons - Celastrales, Oxalidales, Rosales, Cornales, Ericales , 2004, p. 355, ISBN 978-3-540-06512- 8th
- ↑ D. Potter, SM Still, D. Ballian, G. Božič, J. Franjiæ, H. Kraigher: Phylogenetic relationships in tribe Spiraeeae (Rosaceae) inferred from nucleotide sequence data . Plant Systematics and Evolution, Volume 266, 2007, pp. 105-118. doi: 10.1007 / s00606-007-0544-z
- ↑ Spiraea. In: The Plant List. Retrieved July 22, 2014 .
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab German name after Andreas Roloff, Andreas Bärtels: Flora der Gehölze. Purpose, properties and use . 3rd, corrected edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2008, ISBN 978-3-8001-5614-6 , pp. 619-628 .
- ↑ Cuizhi Gu, Chaoluan Li, Lingdi Lu, Shunyuan Jiang, Crinan Alexander, Bruce Bartholomew, Anthony R. Brach, David E. Boufford, Hiroshi Ikeda, Hideaki Ohba, Kenneth R. Robertson, Steven A. Spongberg: Species list Spiraea , in Flora of China , Volume 9.
- ^ Dictionary of Minor Planet Names, Volume 1 in the Google Book Search