Germander tree

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Germander tree
Germander tree (Spiraea chamaedryfolia)

Germander tree ( Spiraea chamaedryfolia )

Systematics
Eurosiden I
Order : Rose-like (rosales)
Family : Rose family (Rosaceae)
Subfamily : Spiraeoideae
Genre : Spear bushes ( Spiraea )
Type : Germander tree
Scientific name
Spiraea chamaedryfolia
L.

The germander spar shrub ( Spiraea chamaedryfolia ) is a small, white flowering shrub with 2 to 4.5 centimeters long leaf blades from the genus of the spar shrubs. Its natural range extends from Central Europe to China, Japan and Korea. The species is used as an ornamental shrub.

description

The germander spar shrub is a 1 to 1.5 meter high, runners-forming shrub . The branches are initially brownish to red-brown and later gray-brown, thin, sometimes curved, slightly angled and bare. The buds are long ovate, pointed, glabrous or hairy on the edges of the scales. They form two bud scales. The leaves are divided into a petiole and a leaf blade. The stalk is 4 to 7 millimeters long, glabrous or sparsely hairy. The leaf blade is fresh green, broadly ovate, 2 to 4.5 inches long and 1 to 3 inches wide, glabrous on the upper side and tufted hairy on the underside in the axils of the leaf veins. The spider base is rounded to broadly wedge-shaped, the end pointed and the spider edge finely and clearly sawn or double sawn.

The inflorescences grow on lateral short shoots. They are stalked, umbel-shaped and 2 to 4 centimeters long with a diameter of 2 to 3 centimeters and have 5 to 12 flowers. The main axis of the inflorescences is glabrous. The flower stalks are 1 to 1.5 inches long and also hairless. The bracts are linear, 2 to 3 millimeters long, glabrous and soon fall off. The flowers are 6 to 9 millimeters in diameter. The flower cup is wide, bell-shaped and bare on the outside. The sepals are ovate-triangular, 1.5 to 2.5 millimeters long, 1.5 to 2 millimeters wide, pointed and bent back at the fruit. The petals are white, broadly ovate to almost round, 2.5 to 3.5 millimeters long and 2 to 3 millimeters wide and glabrous. Their base is nailed short , the end pointed or blunt. The 35 to 50 stamens are longer than the petals. The discus is wavy ring-shaped. The styles are shorter than the stamens. Bald, warty follicles are formed as fruits .

The germander bush flowers in May and June, the fruits ripen from July to September.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 36.

Distribution and ecology

The natural distribution area extends from Central Europe (southern Austria), across Southeastern Europe (Slovenia, Croatia, Serbia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Romania, northern Greece and northeastern Italy), Eastern Europe (in southwestern Ukraine) and Kazakhstan to the Asian part of Russia, Mongolia, China, North Korea and Japan ( Honshū , Hokkaidō , Kyūshū ). It lies in the nemoral and boreal zone and is assigned to winter hardiness zone 5a with mean annual minimum temperatures between −28.8 ° and −26.0 ° Celsius (−20 to -15 ° Fahrenheit ). The species grows in cool, moist forests on well-drained, fresh to moist, moderately nutrient-rich, acidic to neutral, sandy or gravelly humus soils on sunny to light-shady, cool summer and winter cold locations. The species is frost hardy . She avoids soils with a higher lime content. In China, the species grows on slopes in mixed forests and in forest clearings at heights of 600 to 1000 meters.

Systematics

The Gamander-Spiraea ( Spiraea chamaedryfolia ) is a kind of the genus of Spiraea ( Spirae ) in the family of Rosaceae (Rosaceae). It was first described in 1753 by Carl von Linné in the first part of his Species Plantarum . Synonyms of the species are Spiraea banatica Janka , Spiraea belgica Dumort. Fish , Spiraea flexuosa . ex Cambess. Wender , Spiraea oblongata . , Spiraea prostrata Schur , Spiraea ulmifolia Scop. Pojark , Spiraea ussuriensis .

Plant List lists two varieties :

  • Spiraea chamaedryfolia var. Pilosa (Nakai) H.Hara
  • Spiraea chamaedryfolia var. Stenophylla Zabel

Roloff and Bärtels give the variety Spiraea chamaedryfolia var. Ulmifolia (Scop.) Maxim. which differs from the nominate form by its more upright growth and stiffer branches. The flowers have a diameter of up to 1.3 centimeters and the inflorescences are rather racemose and about 5 centimeters long. This variety is not recognized in the Plant List , where the name is considered a synonym.

use

The germander spar is often used as an ornamental shrub because of the decorative flowers.

swell

literature

  • Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Eds.): Flora of China . Volume 9: Pittosporaceae through Connaraceae . Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 2003, ISBN 1-930723-14-8 , pp. 68 (English).
  • Andreas Roloff, Andreas Bärtels: Flora of the woods. Purpose, properties and use . 3rd, corrected edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2008, ISBN 978-3-8001-5614-6 , pp. 6215 .
  • Jost Fitschen: Woody flora . 12th, revised and expanded edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2007, ISBN 3-494-01422-1 , p. 811 .

Individual evidence

  1. ^ German name according to Fitschen: Gehölzflora , p. 811 and Roloff, Bärtels: Flora der Gehölze , p. 621.
  2. ↑ a b c d Cuizhi Gu, Chaoluan Li, Lingdi Lu, Shunyuan Jiang, Crinan Alexander, Bruce Bartholomew, Anthony R. Brach, David E. Boufford, Hiroshi Ikeda, Hideaki Ohba, Kenneth R. Robertson, Steven A. Spongberg: Spiraea chamaedryfolia , in Flora of China , Volume 9, p. 68.
  3. ↑ a b c d e f Roloff, Bärtels: Flora der Gehölze , p. 621.
  4. ^ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . 8th edition. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 . Page 500.
  5. ↑ Spiraea chamaedryfolia in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
  6. ↑ Fitschen: Gehölzflora , p. 811.
  7. ↑ Spiraea chamaedryfolia. In: The International Plant Name Index. Retrieved July 26, 2014 .
  8. ↑ a b c Spiraea chamaedryfolia. In: The Plant List. Retrieved July 26, 2014 .

Web links

Commons : Spiraea chamaedryfolia ( Spiraea chamaedryfolia )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files