Tauernhaus
Several hospices as well as rest stations are referred to as Tauern houses , which were maintained by the Archdiocese of Salzburg along mule tracks for samers and travelers. The Tauern houses were laid out in several Salzburg Tauern valleys, but also promoted trade across the Gerlos Pass , the Thurn Pass and the Radstädter Tauern .
history
For the Archbishops of Salzburg, the income from trading in the mud, in particular through tolls, was an important source of income, which is why they were interested in increasing the movement of goods across the Salzburg Alpine passes. However, since the narrow mule tracks required a long journey and sometimes led over passes more than 2,500 meters high, the Salzburg archbishops established the so-called Tauern houses along the most important trade routes as early as the Middle Ages. In contrast to the hospices in the Western Alps, however, these were not built on the pass heights, but were built in higher locations at the head of the valley. Often existing farms (especially Schwaighöfe ) were obliged to support travelers when crossing the Alpine passes.
The duties of the Tauern landlords included in particular maintaining the Tauern trails and keeping them open. The owners of the Tauern houses also had to erect stone pyramids as signposts and set up snow poles in winter. Furthermore, the Tauern houses served as accommodation for travelers, with poor travelers having to be accommodated and fed free of charge. If a traveler got lost or had an accident on his way, it was the duty of the Tauernhauser to search for the travelers and to rescue and care for the casualties. The Tauern hosts also had to transport the dead to the nearest cemetery. In order to be able to meet all of these obligations, the owners of the Tauern houses employed so-called Tauern servants.
In return for their services, the Tauern hosts received benefits in kind such as grain from the Salzburg archbishops. In some cases, they were also granted the right to drink as compensation . Some of the benefits in kind were retained until 1848; after the benefits were discontinued, from 1853 the benefits in kind were converted into a cash benefit for Tauernhäuser. The last payments to the Tauernhäuser ceased in 1938 when the National Socialists came to power.
Location of the Tauernhäuser
Felber Tauern
The transition from the Felbertal over the Felber Tauern into the Tauerntal was particularly important for the Salzburg archbishops, as this mule track connected the Pinzgau with the relatively isolated Salzburg dominion of Matrei. This was also reflected in several Tauern houses that were maintained by Salzburg in this area. On the north side, in the Felbertal, the Tauernhaus Spital and the Tauernhaus Schößwendt were set up , and the Schwaigen Oberreit and Rain took over the functions of Tauernhäuser. In the Tauern Valley, the Matreier Tauernhaus formed the opposite base.
Fuscher Törl
The Fuscher Törl forms the transition from the Fuscher valley in the north to the Möll valley in the south . In the interior of the Fuscher valley, the so-called Ferleitental, the Tauernhaus Ferleiten was established for commercial traffic . In the middle of the 14th century the Schwaige Verlatten was provided with benefits in kind, at the end of the 15th century the Schwaige was divided into two separate goods. The references to the two farms were also divided, and the two farms were also licensed. The payments ceased after the construction of the Grossglockner High Alpine Road in the 1930s, and the old Tauernhaus was subsequently operated as a Tauern inn. After a fire in 1982, the property was only rebuilt on a smaller scale.
Gerlos Pass
The Gerlos Pass is the most important connection between the Zillertal and Oberpinzgau . In addition, wine from South Tyrol was transported over the Gerlos Pass. The Gasthof Ronach served as a base for travelers, and the inn was around 1400 meters away.
Kalser Tauern
The Kalser Tauern has always been in the shadow of the Felber Tauern , which is just ten kilometers to the west. Due to the arduous journey, the pass at an altitude of 2,518 meters between the Kalser valley or its extension, the Kalser Dorfertal , in the south and the Stubach valley or Kaprunertal in the north, was rarely used. While nothing is known of a Tauernhaus in the Stubachtal, the Kalsertal route over the Kapruner Törl into the Kaprunertal was often used, whereby the function of Tauernhouses for the Rain and Bürg farms was documented early on. Due to the low frequency of this Tauern connection, however, the benefits in kind for the two goods were also low. In the 17th century the commissions for the two goods were stopped altogether. The Alpine Club's Schützhütte in the Dorfertal, the Kalser Tauernhaus , was not built until 1930.
Krimmler Achental
The transition from the Krimmler Achental to the South Tyrolean Ahrntal was protected by the Krimmler Tauernhaus , which was first documented in 1389. It originated from an alpine hut and was given a license as a result of the increase in trade in this area. On the other hand, the Kaser farm in the Ahrntal served as a base, which has been proven to have received services from the Tyrolean sovereign from 1529. In the middle of the 16th century, the Krimmler Tauernweg was expanded or partially re-terraced, and the benefits to the Krimmler Tauernhaus continued until the National Socialists came to power in 1938.
Pass Thurn
For the low crossing over the Thurn Pass , an inn served as a hostel for travelers. The inn received services until 1850.
Rauriser Tauern
The Rauriser Tauernhaus was built in 1491 and served as an alpine hut and inn. It is located in the Seidlwinkltal , a side valley of the Rauris Valley , on the route from Wörth over the Rauriser Tauern to Heiligenblut. In the past, mules used this route, which is an old Roman road, to bring gold mined in the Tauern via Heiligenblut to the south with Haflinger horses . This Tauernhaus has largely been preserved in its original condition from 1491.
Radstadt Tauern
In addition to the Brenner Pass , the Radstädter Tauern Pass was the second most important crossing over the Eastern Alps due to its comparatively low altitude of 1738 meters. At the crossing over the Radstädter Tauern it was also the only Tauernweg of the Salzburg archbishops that could be traveled by carts. However, a Tauernhaus on the Radstädter Tauern was first occupied in 1522 with the Tauernhaus Wisenegg on the top of the Obertauern pass. Another Tauernhaus was set up on the Lungau side of the pass, and the Schaidberg Tauernhaus was also mentioned for the first time in 1522.
literature
- August Prinzinger: The Tauern. In: Mitteilungen der Gesellschaft für Salzburger Landeskunde (MGSLK) 7, 1867, pp. 46–78 ( Google eBook, full view )
To individual Tauern houses:
- Fritz Koller (Red.): The Rauriser Tauernhaus 1491–1991. Salzburg National Park Fund , Neukirchen am Großvenediger 1991
- The Krimmler Tauernhaus and its surroundings, past and present. Salzburg National Park Fund, Neukirchen am Großvenediger 2000
- Otto Brugger (ed.): The Felbertauern and the Matreier Tauernhaus. The "Gastschwaig under the Tauern". Hausach, Matrei 1991
- Negotiations of the Austrian Alpine Association . 1st issue, Vienna 1864 ( Google eBook, full view )
Individual evidence
- ↑ Säumerverkehr of the Hohe Tauern ( Memento of the original September 28, 2013 Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link is automatically inserted and not yet tested. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
