Felber Tauern
| Felber Tauern | |||
|---|---|---|---|
 The Felber Tauern seen from the north, the Tauernkogel on the right |
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| Compass direction | North | south | |
| Pass height | 2465 m above sea level A. | ||
| state | Salzburg | Tyrol | |
| Watershed | Felberbach | Tauernbach | |
| Valley locations | Mittersill | Dew | |
| expansion | Mule track | ||
| Mountains | Venediger Group (West) Granatspitz Group (East) | ||
| particularities | Roman way | ||
| Map (Salzburg) | |||
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| Coordinates | 47 ° 9 '28 " N , 12 ° 29' 46" E | ||
The Felber Tauern (also Windisch-Matreier Tauern ) is a 2465 m above sea level. A. high mountain pass in the Hohe Tauern . The Tauern Cross , consecrated in 1952 and in front of which a mountain mass is celebrated on the last Sunday in August, stands at the top of the pass .
topography
The Felber Tauern lies between the Venediger and Granatspitz groups and connects Salzburg with East Tyrol and the Mittersiller Felbertal with the Matreier Tauerntal . The pass is not passable and was the most heavily used Tauern crossing in Roman times . It lies between the Tauernkogel ( 2988 m ) in the west and the Hochgasser ( 2922 m ) in the east, to the west above is the St. Pöltner Hütte at 2481 m , and the 380 kV line from Kaprun to Lienz has been running here since 1975.
The Felber Tauern has a second crossing: it is the old Säumerweg marked on old maps with Alter Tauern or Ganzer Tauern , but which is no longer used today. This Säumerweg and today's hiking trail ( called Samerweg here ) between Matrei and Mittersill meet in the south at the "Divine Stone" ( 2148 m ) and in the north below the "Nassfeld".
It was not until the mid-1960s that the Felbertal and Tauerntal were connected by the Felbertauerntunnel at an altitude of 1632 m (East Tyrol). Together with the Felbertauernstraße it represents the shortest route between Salzburg and East Tyrol. The Felbertauernstraße connects the Amertal (right next to the Felbertal) with the Tauerntal.
history
As with all passes, it is difficult to say in the Tauern when the passes were first climbed. Certainly this was already the case for some in the Stone Age and from the Bronze Age onwards , most of the Tauern passes can be expected to be regularly visited. It seems today that the Felber Tauern in particular had a certain importance in the Bronze Age, as the most important regional pass between Hochtor and Birnlücke . The other passes in between, the three Sulzbacher Thörl ( 2280 m , 2970 m and 2953 m ) and the Plesnitzscharte ( 2693 m ) were of very little local importance.
Probably already in the Bronze Age the Taurisker expanded the most difficult passages over the Felber Tauern, because it was they who operated mining and agriculture in this area and needed appropriate paths. The early long-distance trade transit probably did not go via the Felber Tauern, but the area around the Felber Tauern, like the entire Tauern, was also the end and starting point of important long-distance trade routes, on which the Tauriskans mainly exchanged their mining products for everyday and luxury items. There are numerous individual finds in the side valleys that speak for such traffic on these early Taurisker trails. During the Iron Age , traffic over the Felber Tauern increased, and the old routes, which had previously been the end or starting point of trade routes, increasingly developed into transit routes for long-distance trade. The carriers of this were probably Etruscan long-distance traders from Etruria and Veneto , who crossed the entire eastern Alps on their routes north .
In Roman times, the path over the Felber Tauern was probably the most important pass of the Hohe Tauern thanks to its freedom from ice, but also because of the surrounding gold mining . The paths on the Felber Tauern were extensively expanded by the Romans. They were not navigable, however, but could be used with pack animals .
Medieval traffic
After a long break in the early Middle Ages , the Felber Tauern seems to have been climbed again from the High Middle Ages. This was certainly not the case until after the German settlement and thus not before the 9th century - the pass and the valley have an Old High German name (from felwa = pasture ). This name was first borne by a local noble family, the Lords of Felben , who owned a mighty residential tower in Mittersill and thus controlled the route early on. The first documented information about traffic over the Felber Tauern comes from the middle of the 13th century. It relates to the years 1250–1252 and is about a robbery by Görzian servants on Salzburg merchants who transported wine over the Felber Tauern with 20 horses. This news documents that the Felber Tauern already allowed (or still) a crossing with pack animals in the high Middle Ages.
The cattle drive accident of 1878
The worst known accident on the mule track over the Felber Tauern occurred in the second half of the 19th century. The cattle dealer Hochfilzer (saddler farmer in Mittersill) set out from the Matreier Tauernhaus early in the morning of May 27, 1878 with eight drovers and a herd of approximately 130 cattle in order to tackle the stage from here over the pass to the Tauernhaus Spital . During the descent above the “Nassfeld” on the Mittersill side in the early evening there was a sudden fall in the weather and four of the men (Vinzenz Riepler from Matrei , Michael Rucker and Josef Wimmer from Virgen and Sebastian Kratzer from Prägraten ) died in the snowstorm . Of the herd of cattle, only a few animals survived the accident. The smell of the cattle carcasses attracted non-nesting griffon vultures ("white headed vultures") from regions south of the main Alpine ridge, which have since been observed annually in summer as "visitors" in the upper Felbertal.
proof
Web links
- Entry on Felber Tauern in the Austria Forum (in the AEIOU Austria Lexicon )