Pear gap

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Pear gap
The Birnlücke with the Krimmler Kees in the background

The Birnlücke with the Krimmler Kees in the background

Compass direction North south
Pass height 2665  m above sea level A.
region State of Salzburg , Austria Province of South Tyrol , Italy
Watershed Krimmler Ache , Salzach Ahr , Rienz , Eisack , Etsch
Valley locations Krimml Barracks
expansion Mule track
Mountains Venediger Group , Zillertal Alps
profile
Ø pitch 8.6% (1598 m / 18.6 km)  % (2065 m /? Km)
map
Birnlücke (Austria)
Pear gap
Coordinates 47 ° 5 '13 "  N , 12 ° 13' 6"  E Coordinates: 47 ° 5 '13 "  N , 12 ° 13' 6"  E

The pear gap ( Italian Forcella del Picco ) is the 2,665  m above sea level. A. high border pass at the western end of the Hohe Tauern , between the Venediger group and the adjoining Zillertal Alps . Since the Treaty of Saint-Germain came into force in 1920, the border between Italy and Austria has been crossing the border . From a regional perspective, this is where Salzburg and South Tyrol , Krimmler Achental and Ahrntal , or the Rieserferner-Ahrn Nature Park and the Hohe Tauern National Park meet.

Until the Schengen Agreement came into force at the Austrian-Italian border in 1998, there were sporadic border controls here, as at the Krimmler Tauern ( 2634  m ) crossing .

Not far south of the border crossing, at 2441  m slm , is the Birnlückenhütte, built in 1900 and named after the border pass .

Surname

The name Birnlücke , spelled Pyrlücke in 1888 , refers to the old name of the Ahr , which rises below the pass. The oldest name of the Ahr , already recorded in a document by King Arnolf from 893, is Pirra . This survived in the upper reaches near Prettau as Pirlbach until the 18th century.

The Italian name Forcella del Picco was created in the 20th century.

history

Together with the Krimmler Tauern , the Birnlücke forms a common path from one valley to the other, which is only briefly divided into two at the ridge by the Klockerkarkopf . The use of both passes goes back to the Stone Age . The ore wealth of the area gave the local passes a certain importance and this probably remained so throughout the Middle Ages and the beginning of the modern era. Only then did it lose its importance; a possible cause could be the drop in ore prices that occurred after the discovery of America. The reason for the loss of importance could also be found in the regression of the tree line . In the 18th century, the south side of the Birnlücke is said to have been wooded until shortly before the top of the pass. Then the protective forest withdrew to significantly lower elevations.

The Birnlücke wrote European history when Emperor Charles IV moved to Italy via it in 1365 . Since other passes were impassable, the Birnlücke offered him an ideal and direct connection.

Web links

Commons : Birnlücke  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. Martin Bitschnau , Hannes Obermair : Tiroler Urkundenbuch, II. Department: The documents on the history of the Inn, Eisack and Pustertal valleys. Volume 1: By the year 1140 . Universitätsverlag Wagner, Innsbruck 2009, ISBN 978-3-7030-0469-8 , p. 81 f., No. 112 .
  2. ^ Johannes Ortner: Pipe, Pirra, Pustertal. Exploring the naming landscape in the Bruneck basin . Lecture given on February 7, 2017 in Bruneck.
  3. ^ Steffan Bruns: Alpine passes. The passes between Lake Constance and Lake Como . tape 2 . L. Staackmann Verlag, Munich 2010, ISBN 978-3-88675-281-2 , p. 43 .