Klockerkarkopf

Klockerkarkopf
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height	2911  m above sea level A.
location	Salzburg , Austria / South Tyrol , Italy
Mountains	Zillertal Alps
Dominance	0.3 km →  Pfaffenschneidkopf
Notch height	37 m ↓  notch to the Pfaff cutting head
Coordinates	47 ° 5 '28 "  N , 12 ° 10' 50"  E Coordinates: 47 ° 5 '28 "  N , 12 ° 10' 50"  E
First ascent	1895 by FKA Koegel with Franz Hofer

The Klockerkarkopf (formerly also mistakenly written Glockenkarkopf , Italian Vetta d'Italia ) is 2911  m above sea level. A. high mountain in the Reichenspitzgruppe , a mountain group in the Zillertal Alps . It lies exactly on the border between the Austrian state of Salzburg and the Italian province of South Tyrol , as well as between the Hohe Tauern National Park and the Rieserferner-Ahrn Nature Park .

location

Pfaffenschneide , rocks on the southern slope of Klockerkarkopf and Pfaffenschneidkopf, not far from the former Lausitzer hut

The Klockerkarkopf lies on the border ridge from the Krimmler Tauern in the west to the Birnlücke in the east. To the west of the summit is the Tauernkopf ( 2874  m above sea level ) and to the southwest the higher Pfaffenschneidkopf ( 2918  m ), from which the Pfaffenschneid stretches south . This overcomes the Lausitzer Weg at the Teufelsstiege .

history

The Klockerkarkopf was first climbed on July 10, 1895 as a crossing from the north by the first editor of the Nietzsche archive Fritz Koegel and the mountain guide Franz Hofer.

The Italian nationalist , irredentist and later fascist Ettore Tolomei climbed the mountain on July 16, 1904 together with his brother Ferruccio Tolomei and Elvira and Ilda Tomasi, accompanied by the mountain guide Franz Gasser from Prettau. Tolomei deliberately wrongly described himself as the first to climb the supposedly northernmost point of Italy and called him “Vetta d'Italia” (German: “Top of Italy”), in order to make Italy's territorial claims to the Austria-Hungary part of the mostly German-speaking South Tyrol . These took place within the framework of the so-called natural boundary theory , according to which the entire catchment area of the Mediterranean in the Alpine arc is immovable Italian territory. However, the Klockerkarkopf is not the northernmost point of this catchment area - as Tolomei suggested by its historically and toponomastically unfounded naming - but the very nearby western Zwillingsköpfl ( 2841  m above sea level ).

Tolomei's name for the mountain has been used in Italian maps since 1905. Since the peace treaty of Saint-Germain came into force in 1920, the Klockerkarkopf and the western Zwillingsköpfl have been the northernmost points of Italy. In South Tyrol, the view is widespread that the name “Vetta d'Italia” convinced US President Woodrow Wilson, who is not very well versed in the geography and history of Europe, of the legitimacy of the new Italian northern border.

Name discussion

The term “Vetta d'Italia” is largely rejected by the German-speaking population in South Tyrol.

Local place name researchers argue against the alternative name variant "Glockenkarkopf" that Klockerkarkopf is the older and correct name, as it is named after a cirque on the north side of the mountain that belonged to the "Klocker" estate on the "Klockeralm" in Krimml and nothing to do with "bells".

Literature and map

• Heinrich Klier , Walter Klier : Alpine Club Guide Zillertal Alps , Munich 1996, ISBN 3-7633-1269-2
• Hanspaul Menara : South Tyrolean summit hikes. Athesia, Bozen 2001, ISBN 88-8266-013-3
• Alpine Club Map 1: 25,000, sheet 35/3, Zillertal Alps, eastern sheet
• Alpinführer Tauferer - Ahrntal , Werner Beikircher and Karl Hellweger, pp. 205f., Athesia, Bozen 1981
• The "first ascent" of the Glockenkarkopfes by Tolomei in South Tyrol in words and pictures , II / 1960, J. Kaser

Web links

Commons : Glockenkarkopf  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

• Very detailed description on summitpost (English)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Hanspaul Menara: South Tyrolean summit hikes . Page 200, see literature
2. ^ Fritz Koegel in the journal of the German and Austrian Alpine Association, Die Reichenspitzgruppe , Graz 1897, p. 192 ff.
3. ↑ David Marc Hoffmann: On the history of the Nietzsche archive , reprint, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 1991, p. 138 f.
4. ^ Rolf Steininger : South Tyrol from the First World War to the present . Haymon Taschenbuch, Innsbruck-Wien 2014, ISBN 978-3-85218-925-3 , page 29 ff.
5. ^ "Wilson was won ... by means of a fake map" Leftism revisited: from de Sade and Marx to Hitler and Pol Pot by Erik von Kuehnelt-Leddihn, Regnery Gateway, 1990, ISBN 0-89526-537-0 , pages 205 and 484