Type tower

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Typenturm is the name for a standardized telecommunication tower (FMT) in reinforced concrete construction of the former Deutsche Bundespost (today Deutsche Funkturm , a subsidiary of Deutsche Telekom ). Different type towers were designed and built in numerous locations.

development

The type towers were usually constructed according to economic and functional aspects and only secondarily according to aesthetic ones. Compared to steel structures, reinforced concrete construction is easier to erect and maintain. There are around 300 type towers in Germany, the first of which were built in the early 1950s in a still small number (types A, B and C). The then Federal Postal Ministry entrusted the architects Arwed Hoyer and Werner Teutschbein with the planning and further development of the type towers. For the construction of the ZDF transmitter network, the slim Type D was designed as a pure television tower in 1961, but only five times built, as the increased use of radio relay at the Bundespost showed the need for towers with large floor space. Thus, in the mid-1960s, the comprehensive construction of type towers with service floors began. The engineer Fritz Leonhardt and the architect Erwin Heinle played a key role in the planning of the new type towers .

The five series FMT 1 to 3, FMT 4 to 6, FMT 8 to 10, FMT 11 to 13 and FMT 14 to 16 each consist of three types that differ from one another only in their height. The individual series differ in the number of antenna platforms and the size of the operating floor. Types FMT 8 to 10 do not have a pulpit. The FMT 7 was only built twice, as the functionally comparable FMT 9 turned out to be less expensive. Over the years, individual types had to be adapted to the changed radio and structural requirements. The new versions are differentiated by adding the year of development (for example FMT 2/73).

The telecommunications towers in Münster, Kiel, Bremen and Cuxhaven were planned by the architects Gerhard Kreisel and Günter H. Müller of the Kiel Oberpostdirektion and do not belong to the actual type towers. They are therefore referred to as special towers , which also include the Koblenz telecommunications tower , the Rheinturm , the Heinrich Hertz tower and the Colonius .

Gallery of some type towers

Other standardized transmission towers

In the mid-1960s, the Bundeswehr had five uniform listening towers (EloKa listening tower) built, which were operated by the Air Force. These so-called telecommunications sector towers were part of a wiretapping network along the border with the GDR and Czechoslovakia.

In the GDR, high-rise telecommunications towers, the so-called A towers , were built at numerous locations .

In other countries, too, there was something like a standardization of the design of telecommunications towers. In France, for example, there are very similar telecommunications towers at numerous locations. In Poland, the old Piątkowo TV tower resembles a number of other towers. A steel lattice tower widely used in the former Soviet Union is the 3803 KM .

There are also telecommunications towers abroad, which in their design correspond almost exactly to the German type towers. Examples of this are the transmission tower of the directional radio station Ansfelden and the directional radio station Exelberg in Austria.

See also

literature

  • W. Thaler: Planning and typing of telecommunication towers made of reinforced concrete , magazine for the postal and telecommunications system; Issue 16/1965.
  • Arwed Hoyer: Telecommunication towers and guyed masts of the Deutsche Bundespost - typing and special forms , Bundesdruckerei Bonn, 12/1968.
  • W. Drechsel: Turmbauwerke , Bauverlag GmbH, Wiesbaden, Berlin (1970 at the latest)
  • W. Thaler: Telecommunication towers made of reinforced concrete , In: Hand vocabulary of electrical telecommunications 1970; Volume 1 A-F; Pp. 451-455.
  • Erwin Heinle, Fritz Leonhardt: Towers of all times and of all cultures. Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt, Stuttgart 1988, ISBN 3-421-02931-8 .
  • Kai Eckart: Towards the clouds - Germany's highest towers , Herbert Utz Verlag, Munich 1997, ISBN 3-89675-902-7 .
  • Rudolf Pospischil: The German TV tower: A political and architectural border crossing , Utz Verlag, Munich 2009, ISBN 3831609233 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Eckart: Towards the Clouds - The highest towers in Germany
  2. ↑ Heinle, Leonhardt: Towers of all times, of all cultures , p. 227
  3. ↑ 40 years of FTZ and PTZ in Darmstadt . 1989, p. 109ff.
  4. ↑ http://perso.orange.fr/tvignaud/galerie/tv-fm/tv-fm.htm
  5. ↑ http://forum.tutej.pl/viewtopic.php?p=101890  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: dead link / forum.tutej.pl