Franciscan convent Sta. Maria de Victoria
The Franciscan convent Sta. Maria de Victoria was a convent founded in 1365 in the former free imperial city of Biberach an der Riss in Upper Swabia . The patronage of the monastery, which was probably taken over by the Prague Carmelite Church, is derived from the invocation of the Mother of God as “Holy Mary of Victory”.
The church of the Franciscan monastery was established in early 1812, contrary to the submissions of the Catholic Councils of Biberach by order of the King of Württemberg Friedrich I. demolished. The Biberach District Court and the Biberach branch of the State Building Construction Office I Ulm are now housed in the remaining convent building.
History of the monastery
A special feature of the former imperial city is that a male monastery could never stay within its city walls for a long time. Two women's convents are historically documented, a Dominican convent in 1283 and later a Franciscan convent , which has probably existed since 1365. The city's large and small councils affirmed in 1477 "to be there, so that no monastery can grow up here and the Münch never win justice". The Heilig-Geist-Spital, which has been under municipal sovereignty since 1320, and the parish church of St. Maria and Martin , built in 1365, should not come under the control of the Upper Swabian abbots of the surrounding area. The convents of brothers and sisters belonging to the hospital existed for less than 100 years, from 1239 to 1320. As the basis of the livelihood of the Sisters of Sta. Maria de Victoria served donations and bequests, the tax-exempt wax trade and weaving. The sisters “went to all sick, dying people who desired them. Those who wanted to die, put them in bed and gave them up, ”says Joachim von Pflumper's chronicle († 1554).
The citizen Adelheid Schnell, widow of the Conz, donated a “strange” (own) dwelling in 1365 for a convent that was limited to five sisters. The Franciscan Johann Schönbenz, who was the commissioner of the Constance Bishop Marquard von Randeck , gave the sisters the rule of the third order of the Franciscans on October 28, 1406 . The monastery flourished despite all the constraints that the city placed on it. In 1467 a larger house was purchased. In 1477 the convent had eight sisters. A dispute developed within the community, which the city council settled, which ended with the city's appointment of a new superior. In 1490 the sisters bought an adjoining homestead and thus improved their economic basis. In 1524, the Biberach patrician wife Barbara Lamparter bequeathed them a "Gütlein" in Langenschemmern as the anniversary foundation .
reformation
During the Reformation , the sisters remained true to their faith. Therefore, they were expelled from the city and found refuge in the nearby Buchau women's abbey . In 1546 the Schmalkaldische Bund , a defensive alliance of Protestant princes and imperial cities under the leadership of Electoral Saxony and Hesse, to which the imperial city belonged, suffered a defeat. In the course of 1546 the imperial troops of Charles V conquered almost all Protestant areas in southern Germany relatively easily and initiated the Counter Reformation . As a result, the sisters were forcibly taken back to the city. In 1647 the monastery was able to lend the town three thousand guilders. On June 27, 1697 the foundation stone was laid for a new monastery and church. On July 2, 1699, Dean Georg Schwab read the first Holy Mass in the newly built monastery church . The Ulm Imperial Postmaster Bernhardin von Pichlmayer donated the high altar to the convent church, which was erected on September 30, 1704. The sisters tried to get all the surrounding houses in Seel- and Gerbergasse into their possession. This triggered a dispute with the Protestant magistrate, which was even carried up to the Reichshofrat in Vienna . The purchase of the Biberacher Steigmühle and the conversion of the chaplaincy of the women's monastery into a preceptor chaplaincy in connection with the establishment of a higher Latin educational institution by the Catholic magistrate in 1775 were also contested before the Reichshofrat.
secularization
Section 5 of the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss initially declared the formerly free imperial city of Biberach to be the property of the margraviate of Baden . The monasteries within the imperial city became the property of the Teutonic Order . The Convention had done well. Teutonic Order Commissioner Wilhelm Mosthaff stated in his final report on the monastery of September 24, 1803 an active capital of 43,750 guilders compared to low debts of 3,100 guilders. On October 25, 1806, the monastery came into the possession of the Kingdom of Württemberg . The provisional Württemberg administrator Künstle took up the inventory. In 1807 the new state decided to convert the convent building into barracks for the Württemberg army . After the abolition of the Biberach families, the sisters rented a pension from the Kingdom of Württemberg. On November 16, 1811, the church was auctioned to the carpenter Johann Georg Angele. The two "holy bodies in the coffins" were reserved, meaning two reliquary shrines .
At the beginning of 1811 the convent building was empty. The barracks were set up in Ravensburg, Weingarten and Ellwangen instead of Biberach. In spring 1812 the convent church was demolished. On October 30, 1811, “the members of the magistrate with a Catholic share there - the senators Consoni, Cloos, v. Braunendal, Zink and Reinhardt - very humble, to keep the barracks or former nunnery church decreed for sale to be demolished. "
On July 1, 1834, three sisters Maria Adelheid Beck von Hürbel , Maria Elisabetha Geßler von Bechtenrot and Maria Josefa Stiefenhofer from Ochsenhausen were still living with Biberach families. Precious church utensils were brought to the royal cloakroom in Stuttgart. On December 9, 1858, Maria Aloysia Stribl, the last sister of the Sta. Maria de Victoria. On January 4, 1856, three sisters from the St. Elisabeth Foundation came to Biberach and stayed in the so-called Klösterle until July 8, 1989. The Biberach District Court and the Biberach branch of the State Building Authority I Ulm are in the remaining convent building.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Volker Himmelein (ed.): Old monasteries, new masters. The secularization in the German southwest 1803. Large state exhibition Baden-Württemberg 2003 , Thorbecke, Ostfildern 2003, ISBN 3-7995-0212-2 (exhibition catalog and essay volume). From this the essay by Kurt Diemer: From the Nunnenhaus and the sisters in it ... - on the history of the Biberach Franciscan convent Sta. Maria de Victoria ; P. 653
- ↑ Volker Himmelein (ed.): Old monasteries, new masters. The secularization in the German southwest 1803. Large state exhibition Baden-Württemberg 2003 , Thorbecke, Ostfildern 2003, ISBN 3-7995-0212-2 (exhibition catalog and essay volume). From this the essay by Kurt Diemer: From the Nunnenhaus and the sisters in it ... - on the history of the Biberach Franciscan convent Sta. Maria de Victoria ; P. 657
literature
- Volker Himmelein (ed.): Old monasteries, new masters. The secularization in the German south-west 1803. Large state exhibition Baden-Württemberg 2003 , Thorbecke, Ostfildern 2003, ISBN 3-7995-0212-2 (exhibition catalog and essay volume)
- Annales Biberacenses by Johann Ernst von Pflummerm, Volume 3; Stecher's copy; State Library Stuttgart
- Benvenut Stengele : Inventory of the monasteries assigned to the Teutonic Order in the Kingdom of Württemberg in 1803
Web links
- Franciscan convent Biberach in the database of monasteries in Baden-Württemberg of the Baden-Württemberg State Archives
Coordinates: 48 ° 6 ′ 0.9 ″ N , 9 ° 47 ′ 23.5 ″ E