Villa rustica (Burrenwald)
The villa rustica in the Burrenwald is a former Roman estate located two and a half kilometers north of the outskirts of Biberach an der Riß near the federal road 312 between Biberach and Riedlingen in the Burrenwald near the forest playground .
location
The agricultural property is located on a terraced leveled area called the Burrenwald on a slightly sloping south-east slope of a mixed forest with hardwood stands.
Research history
The system was discovered in 1921 by the Biberach dentist Karl Heinrich Forschner on the basis of an information in the description of the Oberamt Biberach published in 1837 by Johann Daniel Georg von Memminger .
Until 1950, Forschner carried out several smaller probes in the main building and in the bathing building to the southeast. From 1976 to 1978, funds from the Baden-Württemberg State Monuments Office and the city of Biberach were used to uncover larger parts of the manor house.
grange
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At first glance you can see the two listed northern stone walls on the rear of the main building. The front of the system is oriented down the slope to the southeast and was 30.60 meters long and 22 meters wide.
Two presumably two-storey corner risalites with living rooms were connected by a single-storey columned hall open to the front. The northern larger corner projection, seven meters in length and width, had a hypocaust heating , the southern smaller square living room of 5.40 m in length had a cellar with a storey height of two meters.
A total of 3800 salvaged wall plastering pieces show that the living rooms had colored frescoes . Connected to the front section was an open courtyard section at the rear, enclosed by a wall, with a sloping pent roof . The courtyard is a combination of masonry and timber construction.
The manor was built around the middle of the 2nd century AD and served to supply the Roman army on the Upper German-Rhaetian Limes . The facility was abandoned in the second third of the 3rd century. Today's Upper Swabia , until then mainly located in the Roman province of Raetia , was gradually repopulated by the Alemanni and the imperial border was moved back from the Germania magna to the Danube-Iller-Rhine line due to the general population pressure.
Lost property and monument protection
The finds from the facility can be viewed in the municipal Braith Mali Museum in Biberach. Further finds can be found in the Württemberg State Museum in the Old Stuttgart Castle.
The ground monument is protected as a registered cultural monument within the meaning of the Monument Protection Act of the State of Baden-Württemberg (DSchG) . Investigations and targeted collection of finds are subject to approval, and accidental finds are reported to the monument authorities.
literature
- Marcus Meyer : Biberach (BC). Roman manor . In: Dieter Planck (Ed.): The Romans in Baden-Württemberg . Theiss, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-8062-1555-3 , pp. 40f.
- Andreas Gut : The Forschner Collection and the other archaeological collections in the Braith-Mali-Museum Biberach . Landesdenkmalamt Baden-Württemberg, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-927714-46-1 , p. 28ff. u. 53ff.
- Oscar Paret : The Settlements of Roman Württemberg . In: Friedrich Hertlein , Oskar Paret and Peter Goessler : The Romans in Württemberg. Part 3. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1932, p. 283.
- Find reports from Swabia New Volume 12, 1938–51, Part II. Baden-Württemberg State Monuments Office, Stuttgart 1952, pp. 54ff.
Web links
Coordinates: 48 ° 7 ′ 10.2 " N , 9 ° 44 ′ 28.7" E